Trust Repair and Self‐Affirmation: The Effect of Engaging in a Self‐Affirming Activity on Trusting Behaviour after a Trust Violation has Occurred

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Barr
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Self ◽  
Trust Repair ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Effective Relationships ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Writing Task

Interpersonal trust and cooperative relationships are essential in workplace and social settings. Interpersonal trust is an attitude that reflects a willingness to be vulnerable to another person based on the expectation that he or she will act benevolently. A trust violation occurs when an individual’s expectations about the way a person would act have not been met. According to self‐affirmation theory, people are motivated to protect their sense of self‐worth. If someone experiences a threat to their self in one domain, they can satisfy the self‐affirmation motive by affirming an aspect of their identity in a different domain. The purpose of this study is to look at how self‐affirmation influences trust violation and repair. I examine whether engaging in a self‐affirming activity, prior to or following a trust violation, increases an individual’s subsequent trusting behaviour. Participants share personal information and complete an obstacle course task with a confederate to develop trust. They then play a money game in which the confederate breaks participants’ trust by sharing less money than expected with the participant. In two conditions participants complete an affirming writing task either prior to or following the violation; in two other conditions, they complete a non affirming writing activity prior to or following the violation. There is also a no writing control condition. Subsequent trusting behaviour and attitudes are measured using questionnaires and tasks. This research identifies factors that help manage trust violation and restore trust, which is essential to effective relationships in the workplace.

Return of the Repressed: The Politics of Engraving and Erasure and the Quest for Selfhood in God Help the Child

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-139
Author(s):  
Justine Tally
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Self ◽  
Bluest Eye ◽  
The Family ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Human Psyche

God Help the Child strikingly calls to a re-envisioning of Morrison’s first novel, The Bluest Eye, in its emphasis on the superficial nature of beauty as skin-deep, two compelling and interrelated aspects that consistently reveal themselves throughout the text. The first picks up on Beloved’s concern with how much memory is beneficial to the human psyche, and how the politics of “engraving” that memory runs the risk of becoming a form of erasure of the self. The second is the author’s insistence on a sense of self-worth as something to be achieved through generosity, not through self-centeredness. In this novel no matter what trauma has occurred in the lives of the children, whether within or without the family, it is incumbent upon the affected as adults to get beyond that affliction and move toward an affirmation of an “other” in order to gain a personal sense of self.

scholarly journals Self-worth and bonding emotions are related to well-being in health-care providers: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Weilenmann ◽  
Ulrich Schnyder ◽  
Nina Keller ◽  
Claudio Corda ◽  
Tobias R. Spiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Self Worth

Abstract Background Interacting with patients can elicit a myriad of emotions in health-care providers. This may result in satisfaction or put providers at risk for stress-related conditions such as burnout. The present study attempted to identify emotions that promote provider well-being. Following eudaimonic models of well-being, we tested whether certain types of emotions that reflect fulfilment of basic needs (self-worth, bonding with patients) rather than positive emotions in general (as suggested by hedonic models) are linked to well-being. Specifically, we hypothesized that well-being is associated with positive emotions directed at the self, which reflect self-worth, and positive as well as negative emotions (e.g., worry) directed at the patient, which reflect bonding. However, we expected positive emotions directed at an object/situation (e.g., curiosity for a treatment) to be unrelated to well-being, because they do not reflect fulfilment of basic needs. Methods Fifty eight physicians, nurses, and psychotherapists participated in the study. First, in qualitative interviews, they reported their emotions directed at the self, the patient, or an object/situation during distressing interactions with patients. These emotions were categorised into positive emotions directed towards the self, the patient, and an object/situation, and negative emotions directed towards the patient that reflect bonding. Second, providers completed questionnaires to assess their hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. The well-being scores of providers who did and did not experience these emotions were compared. Results Providers who experienced positive emotions directed towards the self or the patient had higher well-being than those who did not. Moreover, for the first time, we found evidence for higher well-being in providers reporting negative patient-directed emotions during distressing interactions. There was no difference between providers who did and did not experience positive object/situation-directed emotions. Conclusions These findings may point towards the importance of “eudaimonic” emotions rather than just positive emotions in interactions with patients. Emotions such as contentment with oneself, joy for the patient’s improvement, and, notably, grief or worry for the patient may build a sense of self-worth and strengthen bonding with the patient. This may explain their association with provider well-being.

Self‐Affirmation and Trust: The Buffering Effects of Work‐Related Types of Self‐Affirmation on a Trust Violation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Doggart
Keyword(s):  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Performance Evaluations ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
The Face

Interpersonal trust, or the willingness to be vulnerable to another person based on the belief that she will act benevolently, is an important concept in personal relationships and also in the workplace. Many organizational initiatives such as negotiations and teamwork benefit from trusting behaviours for effective execution. Unfortunately, violations or breeches of trust often occur in relationships with co‐workers; when an individual acts in a harmful or self‐serving way, co‐workers may feel that their self‐integrity has been threatened. How can this trust be repaired? According to self‐affirmation theory, individuals are motivated to restore their sense of self‐worth in the face of a violation. A person can maintain a perception of themselves as moral and adequate by affirming their self‐worth in a domain unrelated to that of the trust violation. In this laboratory experiment, three self‐affirmation conditions focus on friends/family as the domain outside of the workplace that provides self‐affirmation. Participants imagine being part of a Queen’s research laboratory highlighting a close relationship to a teammate, who later violates the participant’s trust. At that point, either the participant is not affirmed, or they are reminded directly or indirectly of their family/friends. Afterwards, questionnaires assess participants’ trusting attitudes and openness to criticism, comparing responses between conditions. This research may help to establish different ways to buffer loss of productivity or effectiveness in the workplace due to loss of trust brought about by events such as downsizing or poor performance evaluations. It also identifies factors that help manage trust violations and restore trust.

scholarly journals Privacy and the Communitarian Self

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Benjamin Moore
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Charles Taylor ◽  
The Self ◽  
Informational Privacy ◽  
Liberal Conception ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Philosophical Debates ◽  
Michael Sandel

<p>Contemporary philosophical debates about privacy turn on important questions regarding selfhood. Minimally, someone who endorses the possibility of informational privacy is committed to the idea that there are ‘selves’ or ‘persons,’ and that it is possible to decide what information relates to them and how. I argue that most popular accounts of privacy rely on a liberal conception of the self. In the Kantian tradition, persons are characterised as ‘transcendental subjects,’ always partly prior to, and unencumbered by, their particular circumstances. Communitarians argue, however, that the liberal notion of the self offers only a partial account of personhood. It is not possible to reason as a transcendental subject because, in various ways, our sense of self is defined by circumstance. Our connections to various communities – such as a family, religion, or state – as well as the shared representations and meanings we rely on to gain self-knowledge, are indispensable parts of what it is be a person. Drawing on the work of Michael Sandel, Charles Taylor, and Alisdair MacIntyre, I argue that to properly account for our want of privacy and its moral significance, we must look to the complex relationships between a person, their personal information, and the communities they inhabit.</p>

scholarly journals A Study on the Self Esteem and Academic Performance among the Students

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Laveena D’Mello ◽  
Meena Monteiro ◽  
Nelson Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes

The purpose of self-esteem is to feel and imagine that people nurtured in their mind over time about their self. In simple words, self-esteem is self-assessment; this perception and evaluation can be positive or negative and pleasant or unpleasant. Children with high self esteem, usually feel good about themselves and better able to resolve their conflicts with other children and are resistant to deal with problems. One of the most important human traits to achieve objectives is self-esteem. The term self-esteem means “reverence for self”. The “self” pertains to the values, beliefs, and attitudes that we hold about ourselves. Having a strong will and self-confidence, decision-making power and originality, creativity, sanity and mental health is directly related to self-esteem and sense of self-worth. It also refers to an individual’s sense of his or her value or worth, or the extent to which a person values, approves of, appreciates, prizes, or likes him or herself. During childhood, if individual’s feelings are respected, thoughts valued and abilities recognized then self-esteem strengthens. When feelings are trampled upon, thoughts belittled and ability criticized then the individual’s self-esteem remains at a low point of development and is therefore weak. During the course of time, an individual faces many life situations. Depending upon the success or failure and one's reaction to every significant situation in life, self–esteem grows stronger or gets considerably weakened Self-esteem is described as the evaluation that one makes about oneself, based on one's self-worth. Increases and decreases in self-esteem generally bring strong emotional reactions. Self-esteem and academic performance are interrelated factors. This study tries to bring the connectivity between academic performance and the self-esteem. The main aim of the study is to know the level of self-esteem of the students with low academic performance. The objectives of this study are to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement, to understand the Socio-Economic background, to assess the level of self-esteem, and to know what could be the reason for low academic performance in spite of having high self-esteem. The research design used for the study would be descriptive in nature

scholarly journals Privacy and the Communitarian Self

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Benjamin Moore
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Charles Taylor ◽  
The Self ◽  
Informational Privacy ◽  
Liberal Conception ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Philosophical Debates ◽  
Michael Sandel

<p>Contemporary philosophical debates about privacy turn on important questions regarding selfhood. Minimally, someone who endorses the possibility of informational privacy is committed to the idea that there are ‘selves’ or ‘persons,’ and that it is possible to decide what information relates to them and how. I argue that most popular accounts of privacy rely on a liberal conception of the self. In the Kantian tradition, persons are characterised as ‘transcendental subjects,’ always partly prior to, and unencumbered by, their particular circumstances. Communitarians argue, however, that the liberal notion of the self offers only a partial account of personhood. It is not possible to reason as a transcendental subject because, in various ways, our sense of self is defined by circumstance. Our connections to various communities – such as a family, religion, or state – as well as the shared representations and meanings we rely on to gain self-knowledge, are indispensable parts of what it is be a person. Drawing on the work of Michael Sandel, Charles Taylor, and Alisdair MacIntyre, I argue that to properly account for our want of privacy and its moral significance, we must look to the complex relationships between a person, their personal information, and the communities they inhabit.</p>

Juvenal in the Specular City

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. J. Larmour
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Self

Juvenalian satire writes specularity, firstly, by mirroring its own constitutive elements and discursive procedures, and, secondly, through its preoccupation with gazing at others and the self. The roving satirist-narrator, who resembles Kristeva’s ‘deject’ and Poe’s ‘Man of the Crowd’, inhabits the paradoxical space of Maingueneau’s paratopia within the specular city of Rome. As a specular text, Juvenal’s collection strives for coherence through various devices of doubling, repetition, and mirroring (linguistic, rhetorical, and thematic); yet in this cityscape the search for a unified sense of self, and an accompanying topographical wholeness, is continually frustrated, as the satirist—along with us, the spectators accompanying him—is confronted by human and architectural embodiments of ambiguity, transgression, and the pernicious mixing of categories, including Umbricius at the Porta Capena (3.12–20 and 318–22), Otho with his mirror (2.99–109), and Gracchus’ appearance as a retiarius in the arena (2.143–8 and 8.200–10).

Notes from the Trenches

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wendell Moller
Keyword(s):  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Employment Opportunity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Deep South ◽  
Spiritual Beliefs ◽  
Urban Living ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Personal Empowerment ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
The Individual

This chapter details the vicissitudes of race and poverty shaped J. W. Green’s upbringing in the Deep South as well as his adjustment to urban living as an adult. His lack of education, employment opportunity, and personal empowerment led to a “life on the streets.” Stoic faith saw him through a life and death in poverty. Mr. Green teaches us that everyone comes to this phase of life with strengths to cull from their cultural and spiritual beliefs. Mr. Green also teaches us that dignified dying does not require the unfettered exercise of personal autonomy, although a deep and abiding respect for the self-worth of the individual is necessary.

Kierkegaard, Metaphysics, and Love

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Pattison
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gabriel Marcel ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Alternative Reading ◽  
The Way

AbstractNoting Heidegger’s critique of Kierkegaard’s way of relating time and eternity, the paper offers an alternative reading of Kierkegaard that suggests Heidegger has overlooked crucial elements in the Kierkegaardian account. Gabriel Marcel and Sharon Krishek are used to counter Heidegger’s minimizing of the deaths of others and to show how the deaths of others may become integral to our sense of self. This prepares the way for revisiting Kierkegaard’s discourse on the work of love in remembering the dead. Against the criticism that this reveals the absence of the other in Kierkegaardian love, the paper argues that, on the contrary, it shows how Kierkegaard conceives the self as inseparable from the core relationships of love that, despite of death, constitute it as the self that it is.

Greater Right Hemisphericity is Associated with Lower Self-Esteem in Adults

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1244-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Persinger ◽  
Katherine Makarec
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
History Of

28 men and 32 women were given Vingiano's Hemisphericity Questionnaire and the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory. People who reported the greatest numbers of right hemispheric indicators displayed the lowest self-esteem; the correlations were moderately strong ( r>.50) for both men and women. These results support the hypothesis that the sense of self is primarily a linguistic, left-hemispheric phenomenon and that a developmental history of frequent intrusion from right-hemispheric processes can infuse the self-concept with negative affect.

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