Self‐Affirmation and Trust: The Buffering Effects of Work‐Related Types of Self‐Affirmation on a Trust Violation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Doggart
Keyword(s):  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Performance Evaluations ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
The Face

Interpersonal trust, or the willingness to be vulnerable to another person based on the belief that she will act benevolently, is an important concept in personal relationships and also in the workplace. Many organizational initiatives such as negotiations and teamwork benefit from trusting behaviours for effective execution. Unfortunately, violations or breeches of trust often occur in relationships with co‐workers; when an individual acts in a harmful or self‐serving way, co‐workers may feel that their self‐integrity has been threatened. How can this trust be repaired? According to self‐affirmation theory, individuals are motivated to restore their sense of self‐worth in the face of a violation. A person can maintain a perception of themselves as moral and adequate by affirming their self‐worth in a domain unrelated to that of the trust violation. In this laboratory experiment, three self‐affirmation conditions focus on friends/family as the domain outside of the workplace that provides self‐affirmation. Participants imagine being part of a Queen’s research laboratory highlighting a close relationship to a teammate, who later violates the participant’s trust. At that point, either the participant is not affirmed, or they are reminded directly or indirectly of their family/friends. Afterwards, questionnaires assess participants’ trusting attitudes and openness to criticism, comparing responses between conditions. This research may help to establish different ways to buffer loss of productivity or effectiveness in the workplace due to loss of trust brought about by events such as downsizing or poor performance evaluations. It also identifies factors that help manage trust violations and restore trust.

Self-Worth and Moral Knowledge

1998 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Gowans
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Moral Knowledge ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Moral Virtues ◽  
Moral Skepticism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
The Face

I argue that persons are unlikely to have moral knowledge insofar as they lack certain moral virtues; that persons are commonly deficient in these virtues, and hence that they are regularly unlikely to have adequate moral knowledge. I propose a version of this argument that employs a broad conception of self-worth, a virtue found in a wide range of moral traditions that suppose a person would have an appropriate sense of self-worth in the face of tendencies both to overestimate and underestimate the value of one’s self. I begin by noting some distinctive features of this argument that distinguish it from more common arguments for moral skepticism. This is followed by an elucidation of the virtue of self-worth. I then consider some connections between self-worth and moral knowledge and, more briefly, the extent of self-worth among persons. Finally, I respond to the objection that the argument is incoherent because it presupposes moral knowledge that it later undermines.

Trust Repair and Self‐Affirmation: The Effect of Engaging in a Self‐Affirming Activity on Trusting Behaviour after a Trust Violation has Occurred

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Barr
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Self ◽  
Trust Repair ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Effective Relationships ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Writing Task

Interpersonal trust and cooperative relationships are essential in workplace and social settings. Interpersonal trust is an attitude that reflects a willingness to be vulnerable to another person based on the expectation that he or she will act benevolently. A trust violation occurs when an individual’s expectations about the way a person would act have not been met. According to self‐affirmation theory, people are motivated to protect their sense of self‐worth. If someone experiences a threat to their self in one domain, they can satisfy the self‐affirmation motive by affirming an aspect of their identity in a different domain. The purpose of this study is to look at how self‐affirmation influences trust violation and repair. I examine whether engaging in a self‐affirming activity, prior to or following a trust violation, increases an individual’s subsequent trusting behaviour. Participants share personal information and complete an obstacle course task with a confederate to develop trust. They then play a money game in which the confederate breaks participants’ trust by sharing less money than expected with the participant. In two conditions participants complete an affirming writing task either prior to or following the violation; in two other conditions, they complete a non affirming writing activity prior to or following the violation. There is also a no writing control condition. Subsequent trusting behaviour and attitudes are measured using questionnaires and tasks. This research identifies factors that help manage trust violation and restore trust, which is essential to effective relationships in the workplace.

scholarly journals IT MAKES ME FEEL LIKE I’M NOT ALONE: GRANDPARENT CAREGIVERS’ DISCUSSIONS OF SOCIAL SUPPORT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S281-S281
Author(s):  
Jessica Freeman ◽  
Jessica Elton
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Primary Caregiver ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Grandparent Caregivers ◽  
Self Worth

Abstract This study investigated skipped-generation “grandfamily” caregivers’ sources of social support. Skipped-generation “grandfamilies” are defined as families in which grandparents co-reside with and take on parental responsibilities for grandchildren (Shakya, et al., 2012). Nearly 2.6 million U.S. grandparents are responsible for at least one grandchild (Generations United, 2017). How grandparent caregivers seek social support is an important topic of research because social support has the potential to influence health, personal relationships, and sense of self-worth (Burleson, 1990, 2003; Sarason & Sarason, 2009; Vangelisti, 2009). Thus, this exploratory study looked at if, why/why not, and how skipped-generation grandparents seek social support. The study also elaborated upon which types of social support grandparent caregivers described receiving. Interviews were conducted with grandparents (N = 21) who identified as primary caregiver for at least one grandchild. Two independent coders analyzed transcripts, applying Braun and Clarke’s (2006) approach to thematic analysis. Results revealed that several grandparent caregivers report a sense of isolation and do not seek out formalized support structures due to lack of time, sense of connection, or interest. On the other hand, others receive social support formally and informally, via a number of channels including support groups (online and in-person), trained professionals, and friends/family. Following Cutrona and Suhr’s (1992) social support categorization, the results indicate that grandparent caregivers most often seek support falling into categories ranging from informational/advice, emotional, tangible, and networking.

Alberto Blest Gana: Four Chronicles and a Novel

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
Laura Janina Hosiasson
Keyword(s):  
Utopian Fiction ◽  
Alberto Blest Gana ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Four chronicles written by Alberto Blest Gana between April and May 1862 in the newspaper La voz de Chile, months before the publication of his novel Mariluán, shed light on the close relationship between his production as chronicler and writer. Among the various faits divers discussed in the columns, the issue of a Mapuche delegation’s arrival in Santiago to hold a parlamento with the government about border disputes arises. The oscillating attitude of the chronicler in the face of otherness and his prejudiced comments, which are at the same time full of doubts and perplexities, serve as an incentive for his composing a utopian fiction. This article aims to examine the connections in the relationship between Blest Gana chronicler and novelist to expand the reading possibilities of Mariluán.

scholarly journals Dignity, religion and freedom of expression in South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobus C.W. Van Rooyen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
National Pride ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Republic

The issue that this article dealt with is whether, in South African law, speech that infringes upon the religious feelings of an individual is protected by the dignity clause in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. The Constitution, as well as the Broadcasting Code, prohibits language that advocates hatred, inter alia, based on religion and that constitutes incitement to cause harm. Dignity, which is a central Constitutional right, relates to the sense of self worth which a person has. A Court has held that religious feelings, national pride and language do not form part of dignity, for purposes of protection in law. The Broadcasting Complaints Commission has, similarly, decided that a point of view seriously derogatory of ‘Calvinistic people’ blaming (some of) them as being hypocritical and even acting criminally is not protected by dignity. It would have to be accompanied by the advocacy of hatred as defined previously. The author, however, pointed out that on occasion different facts might found a finding in law that religion is so closely connected to dignity, that it will indeed be regarded as part thereof.

scholarly journals Anthropological reconstruction of the physical appearance of the «king» and «queen» from the early Scythian burial and memorial complex of Arzhan-2

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
E.V. Veselovskaya ◽  
R.M. Galeev
Keyword(s):  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Broad Face ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Face ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Tyva Republic

Arzhan-2, the archaeological site of world significance, a national treasure of peoples of Tuva and Russia, located in the «Valley of Kings» (Piy-Khemsk District, Tyva Republic), was investigated in 2001–2004 by the Central Asian Archaeological Expedition of the State Hermitage Museum headed by K.V. Chugunov. The sites has been dated to the 7th c. BC and attributed to the Scythian-Siberian cultural community. When exploring the «royal» burial of the early Scythian site of Arzhan-2, the scientists faced the questions of the origin of the buried, periodization and chronology of the monument, its archaeological-cultural attribution, the autochthonous nature of the population that left it, and its relationship with other Eurasian early nomadic cultures. The present study is addressing the most important issue of the appearance of the buried people and characteristics of their anthropological type. The material for the study was comprised of male and female skulls from burial 5 of Arzhan-2 mound. The article describes in detail the process of reconstruction of the physical appearance of the deceased and provides examples of calculating ante mortem parameters based on craniometric measurements. The complex stages of preliminary work related to the restoration of skulls and manufacturing of their exact copies are highlighted. The results of the physical appearance reconstruction are presented in the form of visual museum objects — sculptural portraits. The scientific reconstruction of the ante mortem appearance on skulls of the «king» and «queen» was carried out in the Laboratory of Anthropological Reconstruction of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences by anthropologists Drs E.V. Veselovskaya and R.M. Galeev. In anthropological terms, the buried show a peculiar mosaic of Caucasoid and Mongoloid features. They are characterized by brachycephaly and dome-shaped head, with notably developed rugosity of the supercilium in the man and its absence in the woman. For the man, an average width of the face and a narrow forehead of medium height are noted. The woman has broad face and forehead, the height of the forehead is average. Both portraits are characterized by prominent position of eyeballs and large eyes. Man’s nose is short, prominent, with convex dorsum. Woman’s nose has a wavy dorsum, and is slightly prominent. On the male portrait, the cheekbones are moderate, on the female one — high and prominent. Faces of the «royal» persons are flattened in the upper part, with a certain degree of alveolar prognathism. The lower jaw of the man is medium in size, narrow in the corners. For the woman, some gracility of the lower jaw can be noted.

scholarly journals Using Coronial Records to Provide Novel In-Depth Insights into Work-Related Fatal Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebbecca Lilley ◽  
Gabrielle Davie ◽  
Bronwen McNoe ◽  
Tim Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Fatal Injury ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Additional Group ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
Official Data

IntroductionNew Zealand’s (NZ) workplace fatality record is very poor compared to similar OECD countries. The reasons for NZ’s poor performance are highly debated yet inadequately informed due to a lack of high quality fatality data. Due to incomplete official data on work fatalities in NZ, it is not currently possible to use routine official data collections to reliably report: i) who is fatally injured due to work activities, and ii) what groups should be prioritised for action. Objectives and ApproachThis study uses coronial records to overcome the limitations of existing official data collections to provide the most complete and detailed evidence platform for occupational safety policy and action in NZ. A work-related fatal injury dataset spanning the period 2005-2014 was created by: 1) identifying possible cases aged 0-84 years from the Mortality Collection using selected external cause of injury codes, 2) linking these to Coronial records and 3) identifying and coding work-related cases. ResultsOf 7,730 injury fatalities with corresponding Coronial records retrieved and reviewed, 1,924 (24%) were work-related, of which 955 were workers. Fifty-nine per cent more worker deaths were identified compared to available official NZ Government estimates from notification and compensation data. Workers killed on public roads were the main additional group identified. Official data do not provide occupation-based fatality rates; our study found ‘Miners and drillers’, ‘deckhands and fishermen’ and ‘loggers’ had the highest rates of fatal injury. Conclusion / ImplicationsCoronial records offer a rich source of population data on work-related fatal injury deaths, providing better estimates of work-traffic fatalities and high risk occupations than are otherwise available as well as evidence for establishing prevention strategies in NZ.

scholarly journals Chromatin organization changes during the establishment and maintenance of the postmitotic state

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqin Ma ◽  
Laura Buttitta
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Chromatin Organization ◽  
Cell Cycle Exit ◽  
Heterochromatin Protein 1 ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Face

SummaryBackgroundGenome organization changes during development as cells differentiate. Chromatin motion becomes increasingly constrained and heterochromatin clusters as cells become restricted in their developmental potential. These changes coincide with slowing of the cell cycle, which can also influence chromatin organization and dynamics. Terminal differentiation is often coupled with permanent exit from the cell cycle and existing data suggests a close relationship between a repressive chromatin structure and silencing of the cell cycle in postmitotic cells. Here we examine the relationship between chromatin organization, terminal differentiation and cell cycle exit.ResultsWe focused our studies on the Drosophila wing, where epithelial cells transition from active proliferation to a postmitotic state in a temporally controlled manner. We find there are two stages of G0 in this tissue, a flexible G0 period where cells can be induced to re-enter the cell cycle under specific genetic manipulations and a state we call “robust”, where cells become strongly refractory to cell cycle re-entry. Compromising the flexible G0 by driving ectopic expression of cell cycle activators causes a global disruption of the clustering of heterochromatin-associated histone modifications such as H3K27 trimethylation and H3K9 trimethylation, as well as their associated repressors, Polycomb and heterochromatin protein 1(HP1). However, this disruption is reversible. When cells enter a robust G0 state, even in the presence of ectopic cell cycle activity, clustering of heterochromatin associated modifications are restored. If cell cycle exit is bypassed, cells in the wing continue to terminally differentiate, but heterochromatin clustering is severely disrupted. Heterochromatin-dependent gene silencing does not appear to be required for cell cycle exit, as compromising the H3K27 methyltransferase Enhancer of zeste, and/or HP1 cannot prevent the robust cell cycle exit, even in the face of normally oncogenic cell cycle activities.ConclusionsHeterochromatin clustering during terminal differentiation is a consequence of cell cycle exit, rather than differentiation. Compromising heterochromatin-dependent gene silencing does not disrupt cell cycle exit.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Remaja Putri Menghadapi Menarche di SMP Negeri 13 Kota Jambi

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Fatihatul Hayati ◽  
Gustina Gustina
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Face ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Physical Changes

Adolescence is a transitional period involving physical, emotional, and social development experienced by young women as a process of preparation for entering adulthood. In general, physical changes tend to be more dominating. Young women and menstruation have a very close relationship because menstruation is one of the important issues in young women. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and anxiety levels of young women in the face of menarche. Subjects in this study were all students of SMP Negeri 13 Jambi City with a sample of 40 people. The sampling technique is proportional random sampling. Teenage anxiety levels were measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) questionnaire. There is a significant relationship between knowledge and anxiety levels of young women in the face of the first menstruation (menarche). It is hoped that there will be efforts to increase adolescent knowledge about reproductive health, especially menstrual preparation in the form of school programs in collaboration with local health centers.

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