scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 22/PUU-XV/2017 TENTANG BATAS USIA PERKAWINAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Mia Hadiati ◽  
Moody R Syailendra ◽  
Luthfi Marfungah ◽  
Febriansyah Ramadhan ◽  
Monalisa Monalisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Age Of Marriage

This paper will discuss how the post-judicial decision of the Constitutional Court has a minimum age of marriage for woman and consideration in the values of human rights. This paper aims to provide an understanding to the public that the importance of paying attention to the age of marriage is a form of protection of children’s rights, and as an effort to prevent discrimination against woman. The research method used is a combination of normative legal research and empirical legal research. The research material that will be used in this research includes secondary data and primary data. Primary data were obtained directly from samples / research subjects. While the legal materials for secondary data in this study were obtained from library materials related to the problem. After the verdict of the Constitutional Court at a minimum age is married to a 19-year-old woman in terms of the values of human rights, and this is one form of public awareness and responsibility of the state for the protection and fulfillment of human rights (children’s rights and principles of nondiscrimination) and constitutional rights. This issue further looks at the future impact of child marriage for woman can lead to discriminatory actions against woman related to the issue of legal position between men and women who will directly violate children’s rights. Tulisan ini akan membahas bagaimana pasca-putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi usia minimal menikah bagi perempuan dan pertimbangan dalam nilai-nilai hak asasi manusia. Tulisan ini bertujuan: memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat bahwa pentingnya memperhatikan usia menikah sebagai salah satu bentuk perlindungan terhadap hak-hak anak dan sebagai salah satu upaya pencegahan tindakan diskriminasi terhadap perempuan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni perpaduan antara penelitian hukum normatif dan penelitian hukum empiris. Bahan penelitian yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi data sekunder maupun data primer. Data primer diperoleh secara langsung dari sampel/subjek penelitian. Sedangkan bahan hukum data sekunder dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari bahan-bahan pustaka yang berhubungan dengan permasalahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pasca-putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi usia minimal menikah bagi perempuan 19 (sembilan belas) tahun menunjukan sangat sarat dengan pertimbangan nilai-nilai hak asasi manusia, dan ini merupakan salah satu bentuk kesadaran masyarakat dan tanggung jawab negara atas perlindungan dan pemenuhan terhadap hak asasi (hak-hak anak, dan prinsip non diskriminasi) dan hak konstitusi. Persoalan ini lebih jauh melihat kedepan dampak dari perkawinan usia anak bagi perempuan dapat menimbulkan tindakan diskriminasi terhadap perempuan terkait dengan persoalan kedudukan hukum antara laki-laki dan perempuan yang secara langsung akan terjadinya pelanggaran terhadap hak-hak anak.

scholarly journals SYARIAH COMPATIBILITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN DETERMINING THE AGE OF MARRIAGE

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-274
Author(s):  
Rumi Suwardiyati ◽  
Siti Rohmah ◽  
Andi Muhammad Galib ◽  
Abdul Halim
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Age Limit ◽  
Age Of Marriage ◽  
Religious Understanding

The purpose of this research is to examine the interpretation of constitutional judges regarding the age limit for marriage which is considered to contain compatibility and efforts to harmonize sharia and human rights principles in their decisions. This is motivated by child marriage tends to ignore the rights of children and women. Unfortunately, this practice is often affirmed by religious understanding and even state law. The research method used is normative juridical using secondary data. As for this research will analyze the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 22/PUU-XV/2017.  This research will show the conflict between the interpretation of sharia - which has been the authoritative area of ​​religious leaders - and the principles of Human Rights (HAM). Meanwhile, the interpretation of the judges of the Constitutional Court seems to contain a discourse on the compatibility and harmony of sharia and human rights. This research per reflects the approach of the Constitutional Court and the strategy of the petitioners in an effort to review the constitutionality of the minimum age for marriage as stated in the Marriage Law. The various approaches and arguments put forward show that the applicant made a strategic decision by trying to break a patriarchal culture and injustice before the Constitutional Court.  Keywords: Marriage Age Limit, Syariah, Human Rights, Constitutional Court 

scholarly journals Indonesian Marriage Law Reform: The Way To Strengthen The Protection of Children’s Rights Against Child Marriage

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zendy Wulan Ayu Widhi Prameswari ◽  
Erni Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
International Human ◽  
Keywords Child

The Act Number 1 Year 1974 on Marriage stipulates the minimum ages requirement to enter into a marriage, which are 19 years for men and 16 years for women. It is expected that at that ages, each party has a mature soul and physic to enter into a marriage life. However, it is possible for those who have not reached the age to enter into marriage if there is a dispensation granted by the courts or other official designated by the parents of each party in the marriage. In 2012, a judicial review was filed to the Constitutional Court against the provisions of the minimum age limit in the Act Number 1 Year 1974 on Marriage to raise the limit of minimum age for women from 16 to 18 years. However, the Constitutional Court considered the provisions is constitutional. Then in 2017, the same provision of Marriage Law is submitted for the second time by different applicant to be reviewed again by the Constitutional Court. On the other hand, Indonesia has participated in the formulation of a variety of international human rights instruments which have an impact on children, and is a party to a number of them, including the CRC and the CEDAW. This paper elaborates the stipulation on minimum age requirement to enter into marriage and the conformity of Indonesian Marriage Act  to the principles and provisions on the international human rights instruments.   Keywords: Child Marriage, Children’s Rights, Indonesian Marriage Law, Minimum Ages

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ANAK DALAM PERSPEKTIF HAK ASASI MANUSIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fachri Said
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Government

This study aims to analyze the problem of legal protection for children in the perspective of human rights. The type of this research is socio-juridical or including descriptive research with a non-doctrinal approach, which views law as a socio-empirical symptom observed in experience. The research method used is descriptive research with the type of incorporation of normative legal research with sociological legal research related to the implementation of legal protection for children in the perspective of human rights. The results of the study show that the results of this study are the legal protection of children in the perspective of human rights in essence is an effort made by parents, government and society to fulfill and guarantee all children's rights that have been guaranteed in the convention of children's rights and laws Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. Legal protection for children in the perspective of human rights is less implemented because the government has not implemented its obligations in fulfilling children's rights so that there are still legal violations of children. The recommendation of this research is to implement legal protection for children in the perspective of human rights, parents should be fully responsible for the behavior of children and the government establishes policies that are in line with the wishes of the community, so that the common perception between parents, government and society is realized in fulfilling the rights child.

scholarly journals Progressivism of Judges in Deciding Applications for Marriage Dispensation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Josua Navirio Pardede ◽  
Wigati Taberi Asih ◽  
Thogu Ahmad Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Age Limit ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Regulation on the age limit for a marriage through Act No. 16 of 2019 is based on the spirit of anti-discrimination and protection of children's rights from the adverse effects of child marriage. However, the efforts to complicate and prevent child marriage has yet to have a significant impact on reducing the rate of child marriage in Indonesia. This condition is occurred by the high level of applications for marriage dispensation that are granted by the court. Hence, the construction of the judge's reasoning in observe the relationship between the substance of the law and the reasons for proposing marriage dispensation is one of the most vital and influential elements. The positivism-legism legal reasoning used in understanding of Act No.16 of 2019 is considered to be the cause of the malfunction of the regulation in protecting and guaranteeing children's human rights. By using doctrinal legal research methods, this research produces a conceptual analysis in the form of a meta-juridical critique on positivist legal reasoning which tends to lead to the legism when trying to understand the objectives of Act No. 16 of 2019 and proposes a progressive legal notion as an ideal reasoning framework in producing decisions on applications for dispensation of marriage that have a perspective on the protection and guarantee of children's rights.

scholarly journals Dispensasi Nikah Dalam Persfektif Hukum Islam, Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Kamarusdiana Kamarusdiana ◽  
Ita Sofia
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Age Of Marriage ◽  
Court Hearing

AbstractMarriage dispensation is a legal solution because most of the perpetrators of marriage dispensation are those who do not yet have formal legality to get married, so they then take the legal initiative so that marriages can be recognized. This study aims to determine the perspective of Islamic law, Marriage Law and Compilation of Islamic Law regarding marriage dispensation. The method used is qualitative with primary data sources from the Marriage Law, the Book of Fiqh and the Compilation of Islamic Law while secondary data are books, journals, magazines related to marriage dispensation. The results of this study found that Islamic law does not specifically regulate marriage dispensation because the majority of scholars only mention balig as a condition for marrying a person and do not specify a minimum age of marriage, whereas Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and Compilation of Islamic Law strictly regulates underage marriage , i.e. must go through a court hearing mechanism to obtain a marriage dispensation permit.Keywords: Marriage Dispensation, Compilation of Islamic Law AbstrakDispensasi Nikah sebagai solusi hukum karena para pelaku dispensasi nikah kebanyakan mereka yang belum memiliki legalitas formal untuk menikah, sehingga kemudian mengambil ikhtiar hukum agar pernikahan yang dilakukan dapat diakui. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perspektif hukum Islam, Undang-undang Perkawinan dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam tentang dispensasi nikah. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan sumber data primer dari Undang-Undang Perkawinan, Kitab Fiqh dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam sedangkan data sekunder adalah buku-buku, jurnal, majalah yang terkait dengan dispensasi nikah. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Hukum Islam tidak mengatur khusus dispensasi nikah karena mayoritas ulama hanya menyebutkan balig sebagai syarat menikah seseorang dan tidak menentukan minimal usia perkawinan, sedangkan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam mengatur ketat tentang perkawinan di bawah umur, yaitu harus melalui mekanisme sidang pengadilan untuk mendapatkan izin dispensasi perkawinanKata Kunci: Dispensasi Nikah, Kompilasi Hukum Islam

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL ROLE IN RELATION TO LEGAL POLICY TOWARDS OF CHILDREN’S RIGHTS TO EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenny Syahnimar
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Nursing Program ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
Future Earning ◽  
Program Policy

Breastfeeding is one of the best buys in global health to save lives and improve the health, social, and economic development of individuals and nations. Inadequate breastfeeding impacts a child’s ability to learn, and consequently, their future earning potential. By supporting mothers to practice proper breastfeeding, nearly 50 per cent of under two child deaths caused by diarrhoea and pneumonia could be prevented annually compared to a situation with no breastfeeding. This study aims to understand and analyze the role institutions and legal policy towards the fulfilment of children’s rights to exclusive breastfeeding. This research is normative-empirical legal research. Primary data was obtained through interviews with sources, while secondary data is attained through literature studies on legal material. Data analysis is carried out with a qualitative approach. Results: Institutional is a set of rules of all levels that revolve around a fundamental need in the social life of society. The institutional role is to meet the basic needs of citizens regarding an order, guidelines on how to behave, and as social control. Legal rule the exclusive Nursing program policy is based on the provisions of the Law No. 36 of 2009 with the form of regulation through Government Regulations No. 33 of 2012.

scholarly journals KOMPARASI HAK ASUH DAN HAK NAFKAH ANAK DALAM PUTUSAN- PUTUSAN PERCERAIAN DI PENGADILAN NEGERI DAN PENGADILAN AGAMA KOTA SURAKARTA

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjar S C Nugraheni - C Nugraheni ◽  
Diana Tantri C ◽  
Zeni Luthfiyah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
District Court ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Deductive Method

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>Th</em><em>e high number of divorce in every year creates concern toward the children’s rights whose have parents divorce. Therefore, the writers did the research in order to identify the legal protection of children’s rights post parents divorce either for rights to rearing and rights to basic necessities. The research is involved into sociological research. The primary data was obtained through interview and the secondary data was coming from literature study from judge’s verdict in District court of Surakarta (either for general District court or religion District court). Technical analysis uses qualitative data specially using deductive method. This research shows that most of all the verdicts (judge’s decision), more than 75%, does not have any substantial decision regarding rights to rearing and rights to basic necessities (in both district court-general District court and religion District court). Based on this result, it means that the legal protection for the children’s who experience parents divorce is at very minimum legal protection for their rights.  The differences of legal protection, research by the writers between both district court, are in religion District court, the underwriter for rearing is given to the mother if the children are below 12 years old (mumayiz) and beyond 12 years old, the children could choose the underwriter is (until he or she is in the mature age-21 years old). Meanwhile, in general District court, there are no clauses regarding what and who are the underwriter, there is no mumayiz term including the differences uses of mature age between 18 years old or 21 years old.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>divorce, rights to rearing, rights to basic necessities, age limit.</em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Semakin tingginya angka perceraian setiap tahunmemunculkan keprihatinan penulis tentang nasib anak- anak yang orangtuanya mengalami perceraian.Oleh karena itu penulis melakukan penelitian dengan tujuanmengidentifikasi perlindungan hukum terhadap hak-hak anak pasca perceraian kedua orangtuanya baik hak asuh maupun hak nafkah anak. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian sosiologis.Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dan data sekunder diperoleh melalui studi pustaka putusan-putusan hakim di PN dan PA Kota Surakarta.Teknik analisis menggunakan analisis data kualitatif khususnya dengan metode deduktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar putusan (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>75%) tidak mengandung amar putusan tentang hak asuh dan hak nafkah anak baik putusan perceraian di PN maupun PA.Hal ini berarti masih kurangnya perlindungan hokum terhadap hak-hak anak pasca perceraian kedua orangtuanya.Perbedaan perlindungan hukum yang diidentifikasi penulisantara di PA dan PN ialah jika di PA, kuasa hak asuh diseyogyakan adalah ibu jika anak belum berumur 12 tahun (mumayiz) dan setelah berumur lebih dari 12 tahun, anak dapat memilih siapa yang memegang hak asuh atas dirinya serta umur kedewasaan adalah 21 tahun. Sementara di PN, tidak ada ketentuan yang jelas siapa kuasa hak asuh, tidak dikenal istilah mumayyiz dan umur kedewasaan ada yang menganggap sampai berumur 18 tahun tapi ada juga yang sampai berumur 21 tahun .</p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>Perceraian, hak asuh anak, hak nafkah anak, batas umur.

scholarly journals Understanding Child Support in the Pattern of Child Protection based on the Principle of Child Protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
M. Nur Syafiuddin ◽  
Rachmad Safa’at ◽  
Prija Djatmika ◽  
Istislam Istislam
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Child Support ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Materials Used

Children have human rights (HAM) as those of adults. Unfortunately, discussions regarding children's rights are not as intense as adult rights or women's rights. There are not many parties that discuss and take concrete actions related to the protection of children's rights. In fact, children are a reflection of the future, assets of family, religion, nation and state. This study aims to describe and analyze the meaning of child support in the pattern of child protection in Indonesia based on the best interests of the child. This normative legal research utilized a philosophical and statutory approach. Analytical techniques used to process legal materials were analytical prescriptive methods, hermeneutics (interpretation) of law and ijtihadi. The legal materials used were primary legal materials including laws on child protection and secondary legal materials consisting of all literature and publications relevant to the field of child protection law. The results showed that there are at least two meanings of child support in the pattern of child protection in Indonesia based on the principle of child protection: child support as a guarantee for child welfare and child support as a futuristic value in child protection.

Children’s Rights in the European Court of Human Rights – An Emerging Power Structure

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-574
Author(s):  
Anette Faye Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
European Court ◽  
European System

Legal research has shown mixed results regarding the application of a child-centred approach in judgments from the European Court of Human Rights. With an interdisciplinary perspective, however, a number of remarkable features become visible.This article explores case law from the European system with a blended methodology. First, a quantitative assessment of the Court’s judgments over the last decade reveals, surprisingly, that the child’s best interests doctrine has become widely used only recently, despite the principle being invoked as early as 1988. Secondly, an in-depth discourse analysis of selected landmark cases shows how the child-centred approach, in certain types of case, has gained status as the paramount consideration to the extent that it may sideline competing principles in the balancing exercise of adjudication. In the conclusion, the two types of enquiries, the statistical and the qualitative scrutiny of judgments, are combined to offer an assessment of the power of children’s rights alongside other interests in the European human rights machinery.

scholarly journals Contribution of Law Enforcement Institutions in Protecting Street Children’s Rights in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Emanuel E. Chingonikaya ◽  
Farida S. Salehe
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rights Of The Child

Tanzania is one of the countries which have ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child which means they are committed to protecting the rights of all children. Moreover, over 50% of the population of Tanzania is aged 18 years and under, the need to invest in the development and protection of children becomes more important. There is an increasing number of street children in many cities in Tanzania. The reasons for causing street children are widely known. There are law enforcement institutions for protecting children. However, it is not widely known on the contribution of these institutions in protecting street children rights. The study determined the contribution of law enforcement institutions in protecting Street children's rights. Specific objectives of the research were to examine the roles of law enforcement institutions in protecting children's rights at various levels of the society and determine the community's attitude towards violation of children’s rights. The study was conducted in Temeke and Ilala municipalities in Dar es Salaam city. A cross-sectional research design was adopted. A representative sample of 120 street children was used. Both primary and secondary data were collected. A questionnaire survey, focus group discussion, key informant interview and personal observation methods were used to collect the primary data. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for Windows Version 12.0 was used for data analysis. Results of this study revealed that some of the street children's rights for protection were being violated by various law enforcement institutions. From the perspective of communities, many of them regarded the street children as criminals. The study concludes that many street children to get the rights for protection. From the findings, it is recommended that law enforcement institutions should not always use forces due to the notion that street children are criminals.

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