scholarly journals PENYEBAB CHANGE ORDER PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI BANGUNAN AIR WILAYAH DKI JAKARTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Ivana Ramayanti Hendratno Putri ◽  
Mega Waty
Keyword(s):  
Construction Sector ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Change Orders ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Utility Systems ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Control Change ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Change Order

Change orders are proposals for additional / less work where the main work does not follow the initial design or there are new proposals for new work at all (Pusat Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Sumber Daya Air dan Konstruksi, 2017). A contract or agreement has been signed before implementing the project, but changes often occur after and greatly affect the project performance. This change is also needed to be known if it occurs in a water construction project. To control change orders and contract changes, it is necessary to know the causing factors. This study aims to determine these causative factors by compiling a questionnaire distributed to workers in the water construction sector in the area of DKI Jakarta. The questionnaire results were tested for validity and reliability and Ranked by RII (Relative Importance Index) method. With the acquisition of RII above 0.51, the results found that coordination with utility systems (RII 0, 6842), is the main contributing factor to the Change Order in the construction of DKI Jakarta water buildings. ABSTRAKChange order adalah usulan pekerjaan tambah/kurang dimana pekerjaan utama tidak mengikuti desain awal atau terdapat usulan pekerjaan baru sama sekali(Pusat Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Sumber Daya Air dan Konstruksi, 2017). Sebelum pelaksanaan proyek, pihak yang terlibat dalam konstruksi telah menandatangani kontrak atau kesepakatan. Dalam pelaksanaannya, setelah penandatanagnan kontrak seringkali terjadi perubahan-perubahan. Perubahan sangat berpengaruh pada kinerja proyek, perubahan ini juga perlu diketahui terjadi atau tidaknya dalam proyek konstruksi air. Jika perubahan dalam proyek terjadi pada proyek konstruksi air, untuk mengendalikan perintah perubahan maupun perubahan kontrak diperlukan pengetahuan faktor penyebab terjadinya perubahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab dengan penyusunan kuesioner yang disebarkan terhadap pekerja bidang konstruksi air wilayah cakupan DKI Jakarta. Setelah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas, hasil kuesioner akan diurutkan berdasar tingkat kepentingan dengan metode RII. Dengan perolehan RII diatas 0,51, hasil yang ditemukan bahwa pengkoordinasian dengan sistem utilitas (RII 0, 6842), merupakan faktor penyebab utama Change Order pada konstruksi bangunan air DKI Jakarta.

scholarly journals DAMPAK CHANGE ORDER PADA PROYEK PERKERASAN JALAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Alexander Junius ◽  
Mega Waty
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Change Orders ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Change Order ◽  
Order Change ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

In a construction project, changes during the construction period are common. This change can be in the form of an increase or decrease in volume and type of work, changes in work specifications, or changes in the schedule for implementation. Changes in projects are often known as change orders. Change orders must be approved by all parties in a project namely, contractors, owners, and consultants. Change orders are caused by several factors such as changes in design, delays in procurement of goods, differences in field conditions, and others. The impact of this change order is felt by all parties involved in a project, but the change order has a different impact on each party involved. This study aims to determine the biggest impact of change orders from the contractor. In the questionnaire submitted the impact of change order is divided into several variables namely, the cost of quality, time, organization, and others. From the responses of respondents regarding the impact of change orders on road construction projects, an analysis was performed with the calculation of the Relative Importance Index (RII), and the biggest impact was obtained. Before the data is processed with RII, the validity and reliability tests are performed first. The biggest impact of change orders caused by change orders is that change orders increase the budget for contractors, change orders increase overhead costs, increase project duration, cause project costs overruns, and change orders cause a decrease in project profits. AbstrakPada suatu proyek konstruksi, perubahan selama masa konstruksi merupakan hal yang umum terjadi. Perubahan ini bisa berupa penambahan atau pengurangan volume dan jenis pekerjaan, perubahan spesifikasi pekerjaan, maupun perubahan jadwal pelakasnaan. Perubahan dalam proyek sering dikenal change order. Change order harus disetujui oleh semua pihak yang ada dalam suatu proyek, yaitu kontraktor, pemilik, dan konsultan. Change order disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor seperti perubahan desain, keterlambatan pengadaan barang, perbedaan kondisi lapangan, dan lain-lain. Dampak dari change order ini dirasakan seluruh pihak yang terlibat dalam suatu proyek, namun change order menimbulkan dampak yang berbeda pada tiap pihak yang terlibat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak change order terbesar dari pihak kontraktor. Dalam kuesioner yang diajukan dampak change order dibagi menjadi beberapa variabel yaitu, biaya mutu, waktu, organisasi, dan lainnya. Dari hasil tanggapan responden mengenai dampak change order pada proyek konstruksi jalan, dilakukan analisis dengan perhitungan Relative Importance Index (RII), dan didapat dampak terbesar. Sebelum data diolah dengan RII dilakukan uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas terlebih dahulu. Dampak change order terbesar yang ditimbulkan oleh change order adalah change order menambah anggaran untuk kontraktor, change order meningkatkan biaya overhead, menambah durasi proyek, menyebabkan biaya proyek membengkak, dan change order menyebabkan penurunan keuntungan proyek.

scholarly journals PENYEBAB CHANGE ORDER PADA PROYEK PERKERASAN JALAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Philander Edward ◽  
Mega Waty
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
The Road ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Road Project ◽  
Change Order ◽  
Order Change ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Ranking Technique

In the implementation of construction projects, there are several important elements that must be done well. so that the essential elements can be carried out well, then agreement regarding certain matters is agreed upon by the parties concerned which is called contract. Almost construction projects in Indonesia have experienced contract changes or can be called Change Order. Change Order is an event due to changes in a job that results in changes in time and cost during implementation. To solve the problem of Change order this contract can be finalized and anticipated by knowing the factors causing it in advance. The causal factors are arranged into a questionnaire to find out the main causes of Change Order. The questionnaire was distributed to contractors on the road project. Validity and reliability testing is done on the data obtained from the results of the questionnaire to obtain the consistency and stability of each question in the questionnaire. Valid and reliable question items are further analyzed using the RII method. To find out the main cause, the data is calculated using the RII. The results of the RII ranking technique show that the order acceleration schedule is the main cause of Change Order. AbstrakDalam pelaksanaan proyek konstruksi, terdapat beberapa unsur penting yang harus dilakukan dengan baik. agar unsur unsur penting dapat terlaksana dengan baik maka dibuatlah perjanjian/ kesepakatan antara dua orang atau lebih mengenai hal tertentu yang disetujui oleh pihak pihak yang bersangkutan yang terikat yang disebut kontrak. Hampir seluruh proyek konstruksi di Indonesia mengalami terjadinya perubahan kontrak atau dapat disebut Change Order. Change Order merupakan suatu kejadian akibat perubahan suatu pekerjaan yang mengakibatkan perubahan waktu dan biaya saat pelaksanaan. Untuk mengatasi masalah Change order/ addendum kontrak ini dapat diminalisir dan diantisipasi dengan mengetahui faktor penyebabnya terlebih dahulu. Faktor-faktor penyebab tersebut disusun menjadi sebuah kuesioner untuk mengetahui penyebab utama dari Change Order. Penyebaran kuesioner tersebut dilakukan terhadap kontraktor pada proyek jalan. Pengujian uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas dilakukan terhadap data yang diperoleh dari hasil kuesioner untuk memperoleh keakuratan konsistensi dan kestabilan setiap pertanyaan dalam kuesioner. Butir pertanyaan yang valid dan reliabel dianalisis lebih lanjut menggunakan metode RII. Untuk mengetahui penyebab utama, data dihitung menggunakan teknik ranking RII (Relative Importance Index). Hasil dari teknik ranking RII menunjukan bahwa perintah percepatan jadwal merupakan faktor penyebab utama terjadinya Change Order.

Cost Risk Management for Variation Orders in Road Projects in Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2A) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Abeer J. Hassana ◽  
Raid S. i Abd Al ◽  
Hassan H. Joni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Change Orders ◽  
The Public ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Road Projects ◽  
Change Order ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Risk

This paper aims to develop appropriate solutions for each of the causes for the change orders, which help to manage the cost risk in road projects in Iraq. The literature was reviewed in detail, and the objectives were implemented by using a questionnaire that was distributed to specialists in the public sector to survey all possible causes for exceeding the cost of road projects. As a result, 35 causes were identified for a large number of change orders in road projects and their classification into four axes: design, implementation, financial, and other causes. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed using the relative importance index (RII). As a result, the main causes of the change orders were the variations in design and the quantities of work. The main effect was found to be an increase in the cost of the project. Finally, solutions were collected for each of the factors causing the change order through personal interviews with professionals and consultants.

scholarly journals PERHITUNGAN CHANGE ORDER PROYEK JALAN DI BANTEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Mega Waty ◽  
Hendrik Sulistio
Keyword(s):  
Road Construction ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Actual Case ◽  
Cost Overruns ◽  
Change Orders ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Road Project ◽  
Road Projects ◽  
Change Order

ABSTRACTChange orders include a number of variants in the scope of work namely the amount of material, design errors, and price changes. This paper discusses change orders in a road construction project in Banten by investigating the causes, studying their effects on the project, and identifying the beneficiaries. The study used five road projects as actual case studies and the questionnaire used a six-point Likert Scale. To determine the ranking of factors that influence the causes of change orders, the effect of change orders and the factors that benefit from change orders are used the Relative Importance Index (RII) calculation. The most important effects of change orders on projects are found to be schedule delays, cost overruns and disputes. The contractor as the party that benefits the most from the change order is followed by the consultant and then the owner. Keywords: change order; road project; Relative Importance Index (RII) ABSTRAK Change order mencakup sejumlah varian dalam ruang lingkup pekerjaan yakni jumlah material, kesalahan desain, dan perubahan harga. Makalah ini membahas change order dalam proyek konstruksi jalan di Banten dengan menyelidiki penyebab, mempelajari efeknya pada proyek, dan mengidentifikasi pihak-pihak yang diuntungkan. Penelitian menggunakan lima proyek jalan sebagai studi kasus aktual dan Kuisoner menggunakan Skala Likert Enam poin. Untuk mengetahui peringkat faktor yang mempengaruhi penyebab change order, efek change order dan faktor yang diuntungkan dari change order digunakan perhitungan Relative Importance Index (RII). Efek terpenting dari change order pada proyek ditemukan adalah penundaan jadwal, pembengkakan biaya dan perselisihan. Kontraktor selaku pihak yang paling diuntungkan dari change order diikuti oleh konsultan dan kemudian owner.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR KERUGIAN WASTE MATERIAL BESI BETON GEDUNG BERTINGKAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Hendrik Sulistio ◽  
Mega Wati
Keyword(s):  
Waste Material ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Concrete Material ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Iron Material ◽  
Storey Building

Material as one of the components that has a contribution of 40-60% of the project cost in the research of Intan et al., 2005. Concrete is currently being studied because it is one of the five materials that affects 80% of material costs.. The purpose of this research is to examine how much the loss of iron concrete material waste and the ranking of the factors that influence it in multi-storey building projects. The research method is by conducting a questionnaire to contractors. The data collection process is carried out by distributing questionnaires in multi-storey building projects in Jakarta. Measuring the value of the questionnaire as many as 64 respondents used the Likert measurement technique. The sequence of data processing, first done by testing the validity and reliability testing. After that, these factors are ranked using the Relative Importance Index method. The result is a loss of Concrete Iron material waste of 7.5% and ratings that affect the loss of concrete are: not planning reinforcement bestat, complicated image detailing, cutting errors due to lack of understanding of work drawings / carelessness, lack of / unclear image information, use of wrong so that it needs to be replaced, the remaining cuts due to the process of use and a design change. Keywords: multi-storey building; reinforcing steel;  waste material AbstrakMaterial sebagai salah satu komponen yang mempunyai kontribusi sebesar 40-60% dari biaya proyek di dalam penelitian Intan et al, 2005.  Besi beton saat ini mau diteliti karena merupakan salah satu dari lima material  mempengaruhi 80% biaya material.  Tujuan penelitian ini meneliti  berapa besar kerugian waste material besi beton dan peringkat faktor faktor yang mempengaruhinya pada proyek bangunan gedung bertingkat . Metode penelitian dengan melakukan kuesioner terhadap kontraktor. Proses pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah dengan menyebar kuesioner di proyek bangunan gedung bertingkat yang berada di Jakarta.  Pengukuran nilai kuesioner sebanyak 64 responden  digunakan teknik pengukuran Likert.  Urutan pengolahan data, pertama dilakukan dengan uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas. Setelah itu faktor-faktor tersebut ditentukan  peringkat dengan metode Relative Importance Index. Hasilnya adalah kerugian  waste material Besi Beton  sebesar 7,5 % dan peringkat yang mempengaruhi kerugian besi beton  adalah:tidak merencanakan bestat penulangan, pendetailan gambar yang rumit, kesalahan pemotongan karena kurang memahami gambar kerja/kecerobohan,informasi gambar kurang/tidak jelas, penggunaan material yang salah sehingga perlu diganti, sisa pemotongan karena proses pemakaian dan adanya perubahan desain.

scholarly journals Validation of the Brazilian version of the Attentional Function Index

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 604-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Klava dos Reis Dutra ◽  
Edinêis de Brito Guirardello
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Alpha Coefficient ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Cronbach Alpha ◽  
Cronbach Alpha Coefficient ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Attentional Function ◽  
Function Index ◽  
Brazilian Version

OBJECTIVES: To assess the reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the Attentional Function Index. METHOD: Methodological study. The sample was made up of 138 students from an undergraduate nursing course. The psychometric properties were assessed through the convergent construct validity, using the Brazilian version of the Attentional Function Index and the Portuguese-language version of the Profile of Mood States instrument, while the reliability was measured by its internal consistency, expressed by the Cronbach Alpha Coefficient. RESULTS: The Cronbach Alpha Coefficient was 0.86 for the total score, and varied from 0.64 to 0.86 in the three subscales. A strong significant negative correlation (r=-0.64; p<0.0001) was obtained for the convergent validity. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the Attentional Function Index resulted in satisfactory levels of validity and reliability, demonstrating its viability for use in practice and in undertaking further research.

scholarly journals PENGARUH CHANGE ORDER TERHADAP BIAYA, MUTU, DAN WAKTU PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI GEDUNG BERTINGKAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1349
Author(s):  
Hendy Eka Putra ◽  
Hendrik Sulistio
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Change Orders ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
Work Volume ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Change Order ◽  
Storey Building

The implementation of the construction project caused miscommunication, this made the contract became a reference during implementation. In the implementation of construction projects, there are often changes that not according to contract, for example: work volume changes, specifications changes, type or method of work changes, schedules changes , design changes, and others. These changes are commonly known as change orders. There are several things that cause a change order, for example: incompletable contract, design does not fit in the field, unsupportive weather, and others. This research is to determine the effect of change order in the aspects of cost, quality, and time in multi-storey building construction projects. Researchers used data from the responses of respondents consisting of contractors, consultants, and owners. The questionnaire made proposes several aspects of change orders and their effects on cost, quality, and time. Analysis of research data was carried out with the help of the SmartPLS 3.0 application program. The influence of change orders on costs is the lack of costs due to the addition of work items, while on quality is the quality decrease due to additional work volume, and on time is the delay in project completion due to changes in completed work.ABSTRAKPelaksanaan proyek konstruksi menyebabkan terjadi perbedaan pendapat yang disebabkan oleh pihak yang terlibat, hal ini membuat kontrak menjadi sangat penting dan menjadi acuan selama pelaksanaan. Pada pelaksanaan proyek konstruksi sering terjadi perubahan-perubahan yang akhirnya tidak sesuai dengan kontrak sebelumnya contohnya seperti: perubahan volume pekerjaan, perubahan spesifikasi, perubahan jenis atau metode pekerjaan, perubahan jadwal, perubahan design, dan lain-lain. Perubahan ini umum sekali terjadi dalam proyek konstruksi dan lebih sering dikenal sebagai change order.  Ada beberapa hal yang menyebabkan perlunya dilakukan change order, misalnya: kontrak yang dibuat tidak lengkap, design yang ada tidak sesuai dengan kondisi lapangan, cuaca yang tidak mendukung, dan lain-lain. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui besar pengaruh change order dalam aspek biaya, mutu, dan waktu dalam proyek konstruksi gedung bertingkat. Peneliti menggunakan data dari hasil tanggapan responden yang terdiri dari kontraktor, konsultan, dan pemilik. Kuesioner yang dibuat mengajukan beberapa aspek mengenai change order serta pengaruhnya terhadap biaya, mutu, dan waktu. Analisis data penelitian dilakukan dengan bantuan program aplikasi SmartPLS 3.0. Pengaruh change order terhadap biaya adalah kurangnya biaya akibat penambahan item pekerjaan, sedangkan terhadap mutu adalah menurunnya kualitas bangunan akibat penambahan volume pekerjaan, dan terhadap waktu adalah terjadinya keterlambatan penyelesaian proyek akibat perubahan pekerjaan yang telah selesai.

A dynamic Modelling of Labor Productivity Impacts Arising from Change Orders in Road Projects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zain Ghazi Al-Kofahi ◽  
Amirsaman Mahdavian ◽  
Amr Oloufa
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Change Orders ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Road Projects ◽  
Change Order ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sd Model

It is vital to investigate the system dynamics (SD) between the change orders and labor productivity to identify the causes of the productivity loss of the construction projects. Most productivity loss studies were financed from the contractor’s part and rely on the contractor’s data. This research highlighted the problem of productivity loss resulting from issuance of a change order by utilizing a previously developed SD model. It conducted a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the impact of overtime, overmanning, temperature and learning on the behavior of the SD model quantifying change orders' impact on labor productivity. Based on the results, SD provides more reliable results comparing with the measured mile analysis (MMA) approach for the compensation request, considering the leading factors affecting the productivity loss other than the change order. The model developed in this study can accept or reject the responsibility of a change order for occurrence of productivity loss.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KORELASI BIAYA CHANGE ORDER TERHADAP BOBOT PEKERJAAN PADA DUA PROYEK JALAN ASPAL PROVINSI BANTEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Dominicus Edwin ◽  
Mega Waty
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Parameter Change ◽  
Change Orders ◽  
Change Order ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Order Change

In every project, one thing that often happens is a change order. Change order is a change of work after the contract is signed by the owner and contractor. These changes can occur at the beginning, middle, or in construction projects. To minimize change orders, a change order correlation analysis can be done using the original data, with the parameters change order ratio in addition (CORA) and change order ratio in substraction (CORS). The data used in this study uses two original change order contract data on projects in Banten Province. This study produced 4 correlation results obtained from Pearson correlation in the SPSS program. The results of the correlation of the weight of each work to CORA on project 1 did not show any correlation. The results of the correlation of weights for each work with CORA project 2 and the results of the correlation of weights with CORS project 2 showed a significant correlation at the 95% degree of confidence. The results of the correlation of the weight of each work with CORS project 1 showed a very significant correlation at the 99% degree of confidence.AbstrakDalam setiap proyek, salah satu hal yang sering terjadi ialah change order. Change order adalah perubahan pekerjaan setelah kontrak yang ditandatangani oleh pemilik dan kontraktor. Perubahan itu dapat terjadi pada awal, tengah, ataupun pada dalam proyek konstruksi. Untuk meminimalisir change order maka dapat dilakukan analisis korelasi change order menggunakan data asli, dengan parameter change order ratio in addition (CORA) dan change order ratio in substraction (CORS). Data yang digunakan pada studi ini menggunakan dua data asli kontrak change order pada proyek konstruksi jalan aspal di Provinsi Banten. Baik data proyek 1 maupun data proyek 2 memiliki data kontrak change order biaya awal dan data biaya setelah terjadinya change order. Studi ini menghasilkan 4 hasil korelasi yang di dapat dari korelasi pearson pada program SPSS. Hasil korelasi bobot tiap pekerjaan terhadap CORA pada proyek 1 tidak menunjukan adanya korelasi. Hasil korelasi bobot tiap pekerjaan dengan CORA proyek 2 dan hasil korelasi bobot dengan CORS proyek 2 menunjukan adanya korelasi yang signifikan pada tingkat derajat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil korelasi bobot tiap pekerjaan dengan CORS proyek 1 menunjukan adanya korelasi yang sangat signifikan pada tingkat derajat kepercayaan 99%.

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