scholarly journals Die Bedeutung der Bildung: Im Gespräch mit Martin Heidegger und Hannah Arendt. Ein Vortrag gehalten am 18.06.2018 an der Universität Augsburg

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-345
Author(s):  
Paulina Sosnowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Hannah Arendt ◽  
University Education ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
The West ◽  
Wide Context ◽  
The Relationship

The importance of education: In conversation with Martin Heidegger and Hannah Arendt. The text is a lecture delivered in German at Augsburg University in 2018. Its aim was to share with German colleagues from the Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences (including both Philosophy and Education) the research whose effect was the publication of Hannah Arendt and Martin Heidegger. Philosophy, modernity and education (American edition 2019). The thesis of this lecture (and the book) is that Arendt’s answer to Heidegger’s philosophy, intelligible only within the wide context of both thinkers’ struggles with the philosophical tradition of the West, also opens up a new horizon of conceptualizing the relationship between philosophy and education. This enterprise begins with a critical reconstruction of concepts that traditionally connected education to philosophy. Thereafter, it is a development of Arendt’s thesis of the broken thread of tradition, situated in the wider context of Heideggerian philosophy and his entanglement with Nazism, and consequently, it questions the traditional relationship between philosophy and education. In the final parts of this book returns the problem of dialogue between philosophy, thinking, and university education in times whose political and ethical framework is no longer determined by the continuity of tradition, but the caesura of 20th‑century totalitarianism.

scholarly journals Hannah Arendt and the promises of politics beyond sovereignty

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
João Batista Farias Junior
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Hannah Arendt ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Western Philosophical Tradition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Hannah Arendt expresses several critiques of the Western philosophical tradition in her work due to conceptual misunderstandings that played a crucial role in the course of many events in our history. This article attempts to understand how concepts such as power, freedom, and sovereignty appear in Arendt's thinking and shed light on our understanding of politics. Thinking about the relationship between these elements allows us to understand that there are other possibilities for politics besides representative democracies. It is about seeking the centrality of politics as an exercise of freedom that is only possible when we meet and act in concert.

History and Social Science in the West

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Passmore
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
External Force ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The West ◽  
Grand Theory ◽  
Academic History ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter analyzes the relationship between history and various disciplines within the social sciences. Historians and social scientists shared two related sets of assumptions. The first supposition was of a world-historical shift from a traditional, hierarchical, religious society to a modern egalitarian, rational one. Second, history and social science assumed that progress occurred within nations possessed of unique ‘characters’, and that patriotism provided the social cement without which society could not function. Nevertheless, academic history seemingly differed from social science in that it was untheoretical and predominantly political. Yet historians focused on the nation’s attainment of self-consciousness, homogeneity, and independence through struggle against internal and external enemies—a history in which great men were prominent. Historians and sociologists unwittingly shared versions of grand theory, in which change was an external ‘force’ driven by the functional needs of the system, and in which meaning derived from measurement against theory, rather than from protagonists’ actions and beliefs.

scholarly journals Civilizational Approach and the Need of Its Revision under the New Historical Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
Rimma I. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
The West ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The Social

The article discusses the civilizational approach which was formed in the 20th century and has become one of the main research approaches both in Russia and in the Western countries. The author presents a brief overview of the main milestones in the development of civilizational theory and its main representatives in Russia and the West. It is shown that in Russia, the importance of the civilizational approach is caused by the “change of epochs” that occurred after the 1990s and demanded to consider the civilization principles in the social sciences and in the socio-political structure of the country. A brief description of the civilizational theory in the West, which has its own characteristics, not only demonstrates the universality of this scientific method but also reveals both its positive and negative aspects that were identified by the researchers. Although the Russian and Western scholars focus on the specifics of their own situations, they agree that in order to overcome the limitations of the civilizational approach, it is necessary to supplement it with other methods of scientific analysis. Since this article deals with the problems faced by Russia, the author presents the arguments of the Russian researchers, who suggest supplementing the civilizational analysis with the logic of sense, formations, geopolitical, ideological and worldview research approaches. It should be noted that the logic of sense approach is the latest achievement of the philosophical thought and a kind of scientific discovery (authored by A.V. Smirnov). It is concluded that all the supplementing methods find their meaning and place in relation to each other only within the framework of a holistic interdisciplinary approach, which provides a theoretical understanding of a larger set of problems that the country is facing today.

scholarly journals Symbol Systems and Social Structures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanina Leschziner ◽  
Gordon Brett
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Field Theory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Symbol Systems ◽  
Culture And Cognition ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Historical Legacies

Symbol systems and social structures are prominent concepts with long historical legacies in the social sciences. This chapter traces how symbol systems and social structures have been theorized independently of each other in the social sciences during the 20th century, before elaborating the ways in which sociologists have theorized the relationship between the two. Marx, Weber, and Simmel offered important ideas about this relationship, but Durkheim’s account of the social origins of mental structures provides the most direct and elaborated theory about the relationship between mental and social structures within the classical sociological period. Subsequently, we trace Durkheim’s legacy through three contemporary perspectives: field theory, neo-institutionalism, and culture and cognition. While maintaining analytical continuity with the Durkheimian tradition, these perspectives also represent new theoretical, analytical, and methodological advances in locating and specifying correspondences between symbol systems and social structures. Nevertheless, we find that pressing questions remain pertaining to how symbol systems and social structures interrelate, and how exactly this relationship shapes both cognition and action.

After Tradition?: Heidegger or MacIntyre, Aristotle and Marx

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin Knight
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Hannah Arendt ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Alasdair Macintyre ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Communities ◽  
Aristotelian Tradition

AbstractPhilosophical tradition has been challenged by those who would have us look to our own practice, and to nothing beyond. In this, the philosophy of Martin Heidegger is followed by the politics of Hannah Arendt, for whom the tradition of political philosophy terminated with Karl Marx’s theorization of labour. This challenge has been met by Alasdair MacIntyre, for whom the young Marx’s reconceptualization of production as a social activity can inform an Aristotelianism that addresses our shared practices in traditional, teleological terms. Looking to the social nature of our practices orientates us to common goods, to the place of those goods in our own lives, and to their place within political communities. MacIntyre’s Thomistic Aristotelian tradition has Heideggerian and other philosophical rivals, but he argues that it represents our best way of theorizing practice.

scholarly journals 生與化：漢畫西王母圖像系統中的蟾蜍及其魂魄觀

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (33) ◽  
pp. 001-028
Author(s):  
高莉芬 高莉芬
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Han Dynasty ◽  
Spatial Context ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The West ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Queen Mother

<p>西王母的崇拜與信仰自漢代流傳至今而不絕，影響深遠，二十世紀以來，因漢畫像的出土發現，西王母圖像大量出現在漢代墓室祠堂中，這些考古材料又重新活化漢代西王母的研究。今考漢畫像西王母圖像系統，並非以單一主神出現，其空間語境多配以不同的輔助圖像。本文研究主要以漢畫像西王母仙境圖為探討範圍，以漢畫像西王母仙境圖中「必要圖像」蟾蜍為研究對象，並旁及「月中蟾」的討論﹔以見漢畫像中西王母與蟾蜍的配置關係，及漢代西王母的神格功能與象徵。歷來研究者多由「不死藥」連結蟾蜍與月亮、乃至於西王母的關係；而西王母在漢代墓室中其執掌又與靈魂的轉化再生有關，對漢畫像西王母仙境圖中蟾蜍圖像之考察，不死，是共同的焦點。此與古代漢人生死觀、魂魄觀有密切的關係，值得進一步梳理探討。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>The worship and belief of the Queen Mother of the West（Xi Wang Mu） have been circulated and influenced since the Han Dynasty. Since the 20th century, due to the excavation of the portraits of the Han Dynasty, the images of the Xi Wang Mu appeared in the portraits of the tombs of the Han Dynasty. These archaeological materials undoubtedly reactivated the study of the Queen Mother of the West（Xi Wang Mu）of the Han Dynasty. In the Han Dynasty portrait stone, the image does not appear as a single main god, and its spatial context is often accompanied by different auxiliary images. This thesis mainly focuses on the West Queen Motherland of the Han Dynasty, and takes the &quot;necessary image&quot; the toad in the West Queen Motherland as the research object, and next to the discussion of &quot; the toad in the moon &quot;, to see the relationship between The Queen Mother of the West（Xi Wang Mu） and the toad in Han stone engraving, and The function and symbol of the goddess of The Queen Mother of the West. Traditional scholars have always been associated with the moon and even the Western Queen by &quot;immortal medicine&quot;; but the Western Queen Mother（Xi Wang Mu）is the chain of souls in the tomb of the Han Dynasty. It is a common focus on the image of the tomb in the Han Tomb. This is closely related to the ancient Han people’s outlook on life and death, and it is worth further exploration to sort out the relationship.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Playing the game with aleatorics and narrativity: Linaia-Agon by Iannis Xenakis

New Sound ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 109-130
Author(s):  
Jelena Janković-Beguš
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Game Theory ◽  
Probability Theory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
The West ◽  
Iannis Xenakis ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Mathematical Game ◽  
The Social

In this article I examine the piece Linaia-Agon for brass trio (1972) by Greek-French composer Iannis Xenakis, one of only three pieces by this composer, which are commonly referred to in literature as "game-pieces", from the perspective of Roger Caillois' typology of games, stemming from the social sciences, as well as from the framework of the mathematical game theory and its branch probability theory. Xenakis' "game pieces" belong to the field of controlled aleatorics, because they employ a certain level of indeterminacy; here I argue that it is precisely in this aspect of indeterminacy that their nature "as games" is revealed. I am concerned with the "translation" of the Ancient Greek legend about the musician Linos and the God Apollo - and of the mathematical calculations - into the language of the West European avant-garde music of the second half of the 20th century.

Althusser and Structuralism in Communication Studies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. May ◽  
Kate Siegfried
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Communication Studies ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Back Door ◽  
Humanities And Social Sciences ◽  
Multiple Languages ◽  
The Way

Louis Pierre Althusser (1918–1990) is widely recognized as one of the most significant and influential Marxist philosophers associated with the structuralist turn in the middle of the 20th century. The ongoing publication of scholarly monographs that develop his conceptual legacy, the depth of his impact in disciplinary debates in fields across the humanities and social sciences, and the continued translation of his work from French into multiple languages, to offer only a few examples, testify to the consensus regarding the enduring importance of his theoretical innovations and often controversial interventions. He devoted tremendous intellectual energy toward a critique of humanism and phenomenological-based Marxism even as he eschewed traditional positivist economic explanations of history and exploitation—engaging in what amounts to nothing less than an effort to fundamentally shift the way the West reads and interprets Marx. Despite the controversial aspects of his interventions, there is little disagreement that the concepts produced by Althusser irreversibly affected and continue to affect the trajectory of Marxist and post-Marxist thought throughout the world, albeit often through the back door, smuggled in and unrecognized—in his lexicon: as an embedded but nevertheless absent cause.

scholarly journals Language, Ecology and the Stories We Live By: The Ecolinguistics of Tholkappiyam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Shri Vaishali ◽  
◽  
S. Rukmini ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Recent Discussion ◽  
The West ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Language Ecology ◽  
Fundamental Nature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linguistic Philosophy

The term “ecolinguistics” is relatively a recent discussion with Eliar Haugen (1972) bringing up the concept of “The ecology of Language”. Since then, various methods and approaches to the field have been suggested to study the language-ecology interaction, primarily from the west. As a result, ecolinguistics is conceived as a new-born western discipline. However, Ecolinguistics, as the term suggests is the specialized study of language-ecology interaction. The “feeling” of the existence of the necessary relationship between language and ecology even before makes us ask the question if the concept of ecolinguistics has not been discussed by linguists before 20th Century. The ancient Tamil linguistic treatise called Tholkappiyam (dated between 6th BCE to 8th CE) presents the fundamental nature of the relationship between ecology, language and culture through the theory called Tinai. The paper primarily draws attention to look into the linguistic philosophy of Tholkappiyam through an ecological perspective. From the ecolinguistic perspective, the paper analyses Tinai based on three criteria: Ecosophy, Aspects of Language-ecology-culture interaction and the theoretical framework of Tinai. Having analysed from the aforementioned criteria, the paper advocates that the framework of Tinai can contribute to the ecolinguistic studies parallel to the philosophies of Edward Sapir (1912) and Hagege (1985).

Social Sciences, Humanities and Liberal Arts: China and the West

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-261
Author(s):  
Liu Kang
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
World System ◽  
Knowledge System ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Immanent Critique ◽  
The Relationship

For the most part, modern China’s institutions and modes of knowledge have been shaped and predominantly influenced by the West. Since the modern Chinese knowledge system is an integral and inseparable part of that dominant western system, an immanent critique will view Chinese problems not as extraneous, but as intrinsic to modernity, to the world-system or globalization. This article traces the genealogy of modern European modes of knowledge under the rubrics of ‘liberal arts’, as the origin and basis for modern China’s institutions and modes of knowledge, and then examines China’s ‘liberal arts’ as institution and modes of knowledge from the early years of the twentieth century to the present. The paper’s objective is to question the relationship between (Eurocentric) universalism and Chinese exceptionalism within the dominant modern Western institutions and modes of knowledge today.

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