scholarly journals The Influence of Different Interstock Lengths of Minneola Tanjelo on Photosynthetic Parameters and Fruit Yield of Star Ruby Grapefruit

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Bilge Yılmaz ◽  
Berken Çimen ◽  
Müge Uysal Kamiloğlu ◽  
Meral İncesu ◽  
Turgut Yeşiloğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Leaf Transpiration ◽  
And Control

In this study, Minneola Tangelo hybrid, a cross of grapefruit and mandarin (Duncan grapefruit x Dancy mandarin), used as interstock to Star Ruby grapefruit with different lengths. Effects of different interstock lengths on fruit yield and quality, plant development and photosynthetic parameters were investigated. According to the results, different interstock lengths significantly affected fruit yield and size. The highest fruit yield was determined in T-M20-S whereas the lowest was on T-M5-S. The highest fruit size were determined in Star Ruby fruits on T-M5-S and T-M40-S whereas the lowest on T-M20-S and T-S (control). T-M40-S and T-M20-S treatments markedly reduced stem diameter and tree canopy in comparison to other treatments and control. Usage of different interstock lengths did not significantly affected some of fruit quality traits, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration rate, leaf water usage efficiency and leaf chlorophyll concentration. In regards to seasonal changes, net photosynthetic rate were higher in spring and summer seasons then winter and fall seasons.

scholarly journals Influences of girdling and potassium treatments on fruit quality and some physiological characters of ‘Fremont’ mandarin variety

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuğba Ülker ◽  
Müge Uysal Kamiloğlu
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
N Concentration

Abstract Growing citrus involves cultural treatments such as girdling and foliar potassium treatment to increase fruit size, yield and quality. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of single and double stem girdling, potassium nitrate (KNO3) treatment on leaves and combinations of these treatments on the fruit yield, size and quality characteristics, leaf chlorophyll concentration and leaf nitrogen content, leaf fluorescence (PSII) and leaf sugar content of the ‘Fremont’ mandarin variety. Girdling treatments were applied on the stem by removing 4 mm wide ring of bark at the end of anthesis and after the June fruit drop. Foliar KNO3 applications were applied at a concentration of 4% twice (90 days and 120 days after full anthesis) in the experiment. The single girdling (SG) and double girdling (DG) treatments on stems increased fruit yield (kg · tree−1) by approximately 40% relative to the control (C). Treatments did not significantly affect the internal fruit quality of the ‘Fremont’ mandarin variety except in fruit colour and appearance. The highest impact on fruit size was found in the DG + KNO3 treatment. According to treatments and periods, the SPAD values varied between 62.08 and 70.67, whereas the PSII values varied between 0.698 and 0.756. The treatments significantly increased the leaf nitrogen (N) concentration and the fructose, glucose and sucrose concentrations relative to the control. The highest N concentration content was detected in the foliar potassium treatment, and the highest total sugar content was detected in the SG treatment.

Genetic and environmental controls of tree water and nitrogen use efficiency of 5-year-old mango plantation in relation to mango fruit yield and size as well as soil fertility in tropical Australia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiling Sun ◽  
Zhihong Xu ◽  
Paula Ibell ◽  
Ian Bally
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Training System ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Total N ◽  
Tropical Australia ◽  
Use Efficiency

<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> This study was aimed to quantify the effect of different variety, planting density, training system and canopy position on tree water and nitrogen use efficiencies in relation to mango fruit yield and size as well as soil fertility in a 5-year-old mango plantation of tropical Australia.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Soil (0-10 cm) and mango foliar samples were collected from a 5-year-old, factorial field experiment testing the effects of two mango varieties (Calypso vs Keitt), two planting densities (medium vs high), two training systems (single leader vs conventional) and two sampling canopy positions (north vs south) on foliar total carbon (TC, %), total nitrogen concentration (TN, %), and stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotope compositions (δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N) as well as the corresponding total C, total N and δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N in the surface soil of tropical Australia. In addition, mango fruit yields and sizes were determined. Soil and foliar total C and N as well as δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N were determined on mass spectrometers at Griffith University. Each of the above treatment was replicated 6 times for foliar samples and 3 times for soil samples.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> There were significant genetic effect on foliar total N concentration (TN, %), tree water use efficiency (WUE) as reflected by foliar δ<sup>13</sup>C, N use efficiency (NUE) as indicated by foliar TN and δ<sup>15</sup>N, mango fruit yield and sizes in the 5-year-old mango plantation of tropical Australia. Overall, mango variety of Keitt had higher tree WUE and NUE as well as higher mango yield and greater fruit size, compared with those of mango variety of Calypso. There were also significant environmental influences on mango tree WUE and NUE as well as mango yield and fruit size. In particular, high planting density had higher tree NUE, and lower WUE as well as higher N loss, compared with those of medium planting density. High planting density treatment also had higher soil total N, compared with that of medium planting density treatment. The convention training system also had higher tree NUE and WUE, compared with the single leader training system. The northern side of tree canopy (sunny side) had lower fruit number, compared with the southern side (shady side) of tree canopy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> There were significant genetic and environmental influences on tree WUE and NUE as well as mango fruit yield and sizes in the 5-year-old mango plantation, highlighting the significant and exciting opportunities to improve mango tree WUE and NUE as well as fruit yield and soil fertility with both genetic selection and site management regimes.</p>

Effect of Water Stress on Photosynthetic Parameters of Soybean (Glycine max) and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip H. Munger ◽  
James M. Chandler ◽  
J. Tom Cothren
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to elucidate the effects of water stress on photosynthetic parameters of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Hutton′] and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedik. # ABUTH). Stomatal conductance of both species responded curvilinearly to reductions in leaf water potential. At leaf water potentials less negative than −2.5 MPa, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate were greater in velvetleaf than in soybean. Soybean photosynthetic rate was linearly related to stomatal conductance. Velvetleaf photosynthetic rate increased linearly with stomatal conductances up to 1.5 cm s–1; however, no increase in photosynthetic rate was observed at stomatal conductances greater than 1.5 cm s–1, indicating nonstomatal limitations to photosynthesis. As water stress intensified, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration of velvetleaf declined more rapidly than in soybean.

scholarly journals Bagging Organic Peaches Reduces Physical Injuries and Storage Decay with Minimal Effects on Fruit Quality

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
David Campbell ◽  
Ali Sarkhosh ◽  
Jeffrey K. Brecht ◽  
Jennifer L. Gillett-Kaufman ◽  
Oscar Liburd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Soluble Solids

Fruit bagging is an acceptable cultural practice for organic production that provides a physical barrier to protect fruit. It can reduce pest and pathogen injury for a variety of fruit crops, but quality attributes have been inconsistent for peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] and other bagged fruit. A 2-year experiment on a U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) organic-certified peach orchard in central Florida was conducted to analyze the effects of a commercially available paper bag designed for fruit protection and cardinal quadrant (north, south, east, and west sides) of the tree canopy on low-chill peach ‘TropicBeauty’ fruit quality. Protective bags appeared to delay fruit maturity. Flesh firmness and chlorophyll concentration of bagged fruit were 31% and 27% greater than unbagged fruit, respectively. Bagged fruit were protected as demonstrated with a reduction in mechanical injury by 95%, fruit fly injury by 450%, and scab-like lesions by 810%. Bagging reduced fruit brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) at harvest and 7 days after harvest; unbagged fruit were 2 and 3.5 times more likely to have rot at harvest and 7 days after harvest, respectively. Fruit bags did not affect yield, fruit size, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, peel lightness, peel hue angle, or flesh color. Overall, canopy cardinal quadrant location had minimal effect on fruit quality or fruit injury. These results demonstrate that bagging peach fruit protects against various pests and diseases but has minimal effects on fruit quality. Broad adoption of this technology is highly dependent on available labor, market demands, and profitability but may be suitable for producers using direct-to-consumer market channels.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Morphology, Photosynthetic Physiology, and Transcriptome Between Diploid and Tetraploid Barley Derived From Microspore Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunyun Chen ◽  
Hongwei Xu ◽  
Ting He ◽  
Runhong Gao ◽  
Guimei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Physiology ◽  
Stomata Size ◽  
Homozygous Diploid

Polyploids play an important role in the breeding of plant for superior characteristics, and many reports have focused on the effects upon photosynthesis from polyploidization in some plant species recently, yet surprisingly little of this is known for barley. In this study, homozygous diploid and tetraploid plants, derived from microspore culturing of the barley cultivar “H30,” were used to assess differences between them in their cellular, photosynthetic, and transcriptomic characteristics. Our results showed that tetraploid barley has the distinct characteristics of polyploids, namely thicker and heavier leaves, enlarged stomata size or stomatal guard cell size, and more photosynthetic pigments and improved photosynthesis (especially under high light intensity). This enhanced photosynthesis of tetraploid barley was confirmed by several photosynthetic parameters, including net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax), light saturation point (LSP), maximum RuBP saturated rate carboxylation (Vcmax), and maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax). Transcriptomic analyses revealed that just ~2.3% of all detected genes exhibited differential expression patterns [i.e., differentially expressed genes (DEGs)], and that most of these – 580 of 793 DEGs in total – were upregulated in the tetraploid barley. The follow-up KEGG analysis indicated that the most enriched pathway was related to photosynthesis-antenna proteins, while the downregulation of DEGs was related mainly to the light-harvesting cholorophyII a/b-binding protein (Lhcb1) component, both validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Taken together, our integrated analysis of morphology, photosynthetic physiology, and transcriptome provides evidences for understanding of how polyploidization enhances the photosynthetic capacity in tetraploids of barley.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Requirements of Drip-irrigated Peppers

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1097-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. Hartz ◽  
M. LeStrange ◽  
D.M. May
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate

The response of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to five rates of N fertigation between 0 and 336 kg N/ha was studied at two drip-irrigated sites [Univ. of California, Davis (UCD) and West Side Field Station, Five Points (WSFS)] in California in 1992. Nitrogen application, in the form of a urea: ammonium nitrate mixture (UN-32), was applied in eight (WSFS) or 10 (UCD) equal weekly increments, beginning after transplant establishment. At both sites, fruit yield and mean fruit size peaked at 252 kg N/ha, with additional N retarding crop productivity. Maximum fruit yield was obtained by fertility treatments that maintained petiole NO3-N concentration >5000 μg·g-1 through the early fruit bulking period. Two techniques for monitoring crop N status, designed for field use, were evaluated. There was a close relationship between the NO3-N concentration of fresh petiole extracts, as measured by a portable, battery-operated nitrate selective electrode, and dry tissue analyzed by conventional laboratory technique (r2 = 0.89). Relative chlorophyll concentration, measured nondestructively by a dual-wavelength leaf absorbance meter, was poorly correlated with whole-leaf N concentration (r2 = 0.55). However, the ratio of such chlorophyll readings for a treatment compared to an in-field reference of known N sufficiency (252 kg·ha-1 treatment) showed promise as a technique for identifying N deficiency.

Citrus Irrigation Management

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davie Mayeso Kadyampakeni ◽  
Kelly T. Morgan ◽  
Mongi Zekri ◽  
Rhuanito Ferrarezi ◽  
Arnold Schumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Citrus Production

Water is a limiting factor in Florida citrus production during the majority of the year because of the low water holding capacity of sandy soils resulting from low clay and the non-uniform distribution of the rainfall. In Florida, the major portion of rainfall comes in June through September. However, rainfall is scarce during the dry period from February through May, which coincides with the critical stages of bloom, leaf expansion, fruit set, and fruit enlargement. Irrigation is practiced to provide water when rainfall is not sufficient or timely to meet water needs. Proper irrigation scheduling is the application of water to crops only when needed and only in the amounts needed; that is, determining when to irrigate and how much water to apply. With proper irrigation scheduling, yield will not be limited by water stress. With citrus greening (HLB), irrigation scheduling is becoming more important and critical and growers cannot afford water stress or water excess. Any degree of water stress or imbalance can produce a deleterious change in physiological activity of growth and production of citrus trees.  The number of fruit, fruit size, and tree canopy are reduced and premature fruit drop is increased with water stress.  Extension growth in shoots and roots and leaf expansion are all negatively impacted by water stress. Other benefits of proper irrigation scheduling include reduced loss of nutrients from leaching as a result of excess water applications and reduced pollution of groundwater or surface waters from the leaching of nutrients. Recent studies have shown that for HLB-affected trees, irrigation frequency should increase and irrigation amounts should decrease to minimize water stress from drought stress or water excess, while ensuring optimal water availability in the rootzone at all times.

Diurnal variation in net photosynthetic rate and influencing environmentalfactors of Elaeagnus mollis Diels leaf

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-478
Author(s):  
Qun-Long LIU ◽  
Chan-Juan NING ◽  
Duo WANG ◽  
Guo-Liang WU ◽  
Hong-Mei ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Elaeagnus Mollis
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