scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Morphology, Photosynthetic Physiology, and Transcriptome Between Diploid and Tetraploid Barley Derived From Microspore Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunyun Chen ◽  
Hongwei Xu ◽  
Ting He ◽  
Runhong Gao ◽  
Guimei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Physiology ◽  
Stomata Size ◽  
Homozygous Diploid

Polyploids play an important role in the breeding of plant for superior characteristics, and many reports have focused on the effects upon photosynthesis from polyploidization in some plant species recently, yet surprisingly little of this is known for barley. In this study, homozygous diploid and tetraploid plants, derived from microspore culturing of the barley cultivar “H30,” were used to assess differences between them in their cellular, photosynthetic, and transcriptomic characteristics. Our results showed that tetraploid barley has the distinct characteristics of polyploids, namely thicker and heavier leaves, enlarged stomata size or stomatal guard cell size, and more photosynthetic pigments and improved photosynthesis (especially under high light intensity). This enhanced photosynthesis of tetraploid barley was confirmed by several photosynthetic parameters, including net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax), light saturation point (LSP), maximum RuBP saturated rate carboxylation (Vcmax), and maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax). Transcriptomic analyses revealed that just ~2.3% of all detected genes exhibited differential expression patterns [i.e., differentially expressed genes (DEGs)], and that most of these – 580 of 793 DEGs in total – were upregulated in the tetraploid barley. The follow-up KEGG analysis indicated that the most enriched pathway was related to photosynthesis-antenna proteins, while the downregulation of DEGs was related mainly to the light-harvesting cholorophyII a/b-binding protein (Lhcb1) component, both validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Taken together, our integrated analysis of morphology, photosynthetic physiology, and transcriptome provides evidences for understanding of how polyploidization enhances the photosynthetic capacity in tetraploids of barley.

scholarly journals Physiological and Gene Expression Changes of Clematis crassifolia and Clematis cadmia in Response to Heat Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingdi Hu ◽  
Renjuan Qian ◽  
Yanjun Zhang ◽  
Xule Zhang ◽  
Xiaohua Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Soluble Protein Content ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Temperature Adaptability

Clematis is a superior perennial ornamental vine known for varied colors and shapes of its flowers. Clematis crassifolia is sensitive to high temperature, whereas Clematis cadmia has a certain temperature adaptability. Here we analyzed the potential regulatory mechanisms of C. crassifolia and C. cadmia in response to heat stress by studying the photosynthesis, antioxidant parameters, amino acids, and gene expression patterns under three temperature treatments. Heat stress caused the fading of leaves; decreased net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity; increased 13 kinds of amino acids content; and up-regulated the expression of seven genes, including C194329_G3, C194434_G1, and C188817_g1, etc., in C. crassifolia plants. Under the treatments of heat stress, the leaf tips of C. cadmia were wilted, and the net photosynthetic rate and soluble protein content decreased, with the increase of 12 amino acids content and the expression of c194329_g3, c194434_g1, and c195983_g1. Our results showed that C. crassifolia and C. cadmia had different physiological and molecular response mechanisms to heat stress during the ecological adaptation.

Effect of Water Stress on Photosynthetic Parameters of Soybean (Glycine max) and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip H. Munger ◽  
James M. Chandler ◽  
J. Tom Cothren
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to elucidate the effects of water stress on photosynthetic parameters of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Hutton′] and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedik. # ABUTH). Stomatal conductance of both species responded curvilinearly to reductions in leaf water potential. At leaf water potentials less negative than −2.5 MPa, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate were greater in velvetleaf than in soybean. Soybean photosynthetic rate was linearly related to stomatal conductance. Velvetleaf photosynthetic rate increased linearly with stomatal conductances up to 1.5 cm s–1; however, no increase in photosynthetic rate was observed at stomatal conductances greater than 1.5 cm s–1, indicating nonstomatal limitations to photosynthesis. As water stress intensified, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration of velvetleaf declined more rapidly than in soybean.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal photosynthetic physiology responses of remnant Myricaria laxiflora populations to regulated water level fluctuations

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou-Peng Guan ◽  
Fang-Qing Chen ◽  
Ju-Mei Zhou ◽  
Zong-Qiang Xie ◽  
Yong-Wen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Growth Recovery ◽  
Photosynthetic Physiology ◽  
Photosynthetic Activities

Abstract The construction of the Three Gorges–Gezhouba Dam cascade hydropower station has changed the water level fluctuation pattern of the habitats for remnant rare and endangered Myricaria laxiflora populations downstream of the dam. The present study utilized biochemical markers of photosynthetic physiology to evaluate the spatiotemporal responses of remnant populations to human-regulated water level fluctuations. The results showed that the photosynthetic physiological activities of remnant M. laxiflora populations underwent a period of rapid growth, followed by a gradual decline in the growth recovery phase after flooding. During the entire experimental period, photosynthetic physiological activities of remnant M. laxiflora populations changed with prolongation of emergence time: specifically, net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance initially decreased and then subsequently increased, intercellular carbon dioxide concentrations peaked at mid-phase and transpiration rate continuously increased. The maximum net photosynthetic rate, apparent photosynthetic quantum efficiency and dark respiration rate in the light–response curves of the plants continuously increased during growth. The water level gradient also significantly affected the photosynthetic physiological activities in the remnant populations, i.e. the photosynthetic physiological activities of high-altitude plants were significantly higher than the middle- and low-altitude plants. The changes in photosynthetic pigment content of plants in remnant populations during the growth recovery phase and the entire growth period were similar to those occurring in photosynthetic activities in plants. Further, canonical correspondence analysis showed that photosynthetic physiological activities in the plants were significantly correlated with changes in water levels, emergence time, elevation gradient, soil water and soil nitrogen contents. Therefore, the artificial regulation of water level fluctuations by large hydropower stations will inevitably affect the photosynthetic activities and growth of remnant M. laxiflora populations.

scholarly journals The Influence of Different Interstock Lengths of Minneola Tanjelo on Photosynthetic Parameters and Fruit Yield of Star Ruby Grapefruit

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Bilge Yılmaz ◽  
Berken Çimen ◽  
Müge Uysal Kamiloğlu ◽  
Meral İncesu ◽  
Turgut Yeşiloğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Leaf Transpiration ◽  
And Control

In this study, Minneola Tangelo hybrid, a cross of grapefruit and mandarin (Duncan grapefruit x Dancy mandarin), used as interstock to Star Ruby grapefruit with different lengths. Effects of different interstock lengths on fruit yield and quality, plant development and photosynthetic parameters were investigated. According to the results, different interstock lengths significantly affected fruit yield and size. The highest fruit yield was determined in T-M20-S whereas the lowest was on T-M5-S. The highest fruit size were determined in Star Ruby fruits on T-M5-S and T-M40-S whereas the lowest on T-M20-S and T-S (control). T-M40-S and T-M20-S treatments markedly reduced stem diameter and tree canopy in comparison to other treatments and control. Usage of different interstock lengths did not significantly affected some of fruit quality traits, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration rate, leaf water usage efficiency and leaf chlorophyll concentration. In regards to seasonal changes, net photosynthetic rate were higher in spring and summer seasons then winter and fall seasons.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Photosynthetic Characters and Regulation Pattern of Photosynthesis Associated Gene in Two Mulberry Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 863-872
Author(s):  
Yong Li
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms

Photosynthetic characteristics and expression patterns of the photosynthesis-related genes in the high-yield mulberry variety E’Sang 1 (E1) and normal mulberry variety Husang 32 (H32) were investigated in this study. The observation of daily variation of photosynthesis in E1 and H32 indicated that the peak of net photosynthetic rate(Pn)inE1 variety was significantly higher than that inH32 (P <0.05). Meanwhile, the Pn-PAR and Pn-Ci responses of E1 and H32 were evaluated, and the results showed that the carboxylation efficiency and compensation saturation point were much higher in E1 rather thanH32. Importantly, the photosystem II actual photochemical efficiency and photochemical quenching coefficient in the leaves of E1 were significantly higher than those in H32 (P<0.05). Also, the activity of RuBP in E1 was higher than that in H32 (P >0.05). Based on the RNA-seq data, a total of 3,356 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected among different time points between E1 and H32. Of these, 1,136 DEGs were involved in the metabolic pathways, including three main photosynthesis-related metabolic pathways (i.e., carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, carbon metabolism, and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism). Meanwhile, 10 novel DEGs related to photosynthesis were detected, and four potential key genes of them could account for the differences in net photosynthetic rate and yield betweenH32 and E1.This study could provide important insights into the molecular breeding of mulberry varieties with high photosynthetic efficiency and contribute to understanding the genetic mechanism of photosynthesis.© 2021 Friends Science Publishers

Diurnal variation in net photosynthetic rate and influencing environmentalfactors of Elaeagnus mollis Diels leaf

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-478
Author(s):  
Qun-Long LIU ◽  
Chan-Juan NING ◽  
Duo WANG ◽  
Guo-Liang WU ◽  
Hong-Mei ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Elaeagnus Mollis

scholarly journals Changes in peanut canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics induced by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in a nutrient-poor environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinli Bi ◽  
Huili Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Tiller Angle ◽  
Amf Inoculation

AbstractA well-developed canopy structure can increase the biomass accumulation and yield of crops. Peanut seeds were sown in a soil inoculated with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and uninoculated controls were also sown. Canopy structure was monitored using a 3-D laser scanner and photosynthetic characteristics with an LI-6400 XT photosynthesis system after 30, 45 and 70 days of growth to explore the effects of the AMF on growth, canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics and yield. The AMF colonized the roots and AMF inoculation significantly increased the height, canopy width and total leaf area of the host plants and improved canopy structure. AMF reduced the tiller angle of the upper and middle canopy layers, increased that of the lower layer, reduced the leaf inclination of the upper, middle and lower layers, and increased the average leaf area and leaf area index after 45 days of growth, producing a well-developed and hierarchical canopy. Moreover, AMF inoculation increased the net photosynthetic rate in the upper, middle and lower layers. Plant height, canopy width, and total leaf area were positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate, and the inclination angle and tiller angle of the upper leaves were negatively correlated with net photosynthetic rate. Overall, the results demonstrate the effects of AMF inoculation on plant canopy structure and net photosynthetic rate.

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