Sırakaraağaçlar Deresinde (Sinop-Karadeniz Bölgesi) Anyonik Deterjan Kirliliğinin Araştırılması

The study was carried out between May 2014 and April 2015 with the aim of determining the anionic detergent pollution and some physico-chemical properties PH, temperature, conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), total hardness (TH), chemical oxygen demand (COD), PO4-3-P, total nitrogen (TN)] of the Sırakaraağaçlar creek in Sinop. According to the results of one year measurement, it was established that the minimum and maximum values of the anionic detergent concentration vary between 0.02 and 0.98 mg/l, respectively. The results were classified according to Turkey’s Water Quality Management Regulation criteria (2008 and 2016). Sırakaraağaç creek water has been determined high quality water and slightly dirty water (class I and II) acording to the pH, temperature and phosphorus concentrations. It was found to be high quality water in terms of total nitrogen and COD parameters. Additionally, creek water is equivalent to polluted water (class II and III) according to anionic detergent concentration and DO values. High anionic detergent and low oxygen content can pose a hazard to sensitive aquatic organisms. Thus, the creek is especially under pressure in terms of anionic detergent and DO. Results of this study showed that the sources of pollution threatening the creek may be primarily the environmental factors that include human and agricultural activities.

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Determination of Anionic Detergent Concentration of Karasu Stream in Sinop (Turkey)

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v6i1.112-123.1661 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ayşe Gündoğdu ◽

Erdi Gültepe ◽

Uğur Çarlı

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Agricultural Activities ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Monthly Basis ◽

Detergent Concentration ◽

Temperature Conductivity

The study was achieved between May 2014 and April 2015 at the Karasu Creek located in the province of Sinop. It was conducted to determine anionic detergent pollution and some physicochemical properties (pH, temperature, conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, chemical oxygen demand, phosphate PO4-3, total nitrogen). The anionic detergent concentration of the stations was determined on a monthly basis. Seasonally averaged values of the anionic detergent was measured as the highest value in the autumn season. The lowest values of anionic detergent were found in stations in winter and spring. The increase in the concentration of anionic detergent is caused by population growth in residential areas, increased agricultural activities and rains, and that chemicals move to riverbed from terrestrial areas with rain water.

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Advanced Treatment of Real Grey Water by SBR Followed by Ultrafiltration—Performance and Fouling Behavior

Water ◽

10.3390/w12010154 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 154 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gabriela Kamińska ◽

Anna Marszałek

Keyword(s):

Total Nitrogen ◽

Tap Water ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Treatment Efficiency ◽

High Quality ◽

Grey Water ◽

The Real ◽

Wide Range ◽

Quality Water

Grey water has been identified as a potential source of water in a number of applications e.g., toilet flushing, laundering in first rinsing, floor cleaning, and irrigation. The major obstacle to the reuse of grey water relates to pathogens, nutrients, and organic matter found in grey water. Therefore, much effort has been put to treat grey water, in order to yield high-quality water deprived of bacteria and with an appropriate value in a wide range of quality parameters (Total Organic Carbon (TOC), nitrate, phosphate, ammonium, pH, and absorbance), similar to the values for tap water. The aim of this study was to treat the real grey water, and turn it into high-quality, safe water. For this purpose, the real grey water was treated by means of a sequential biological reactor (SBR) followed by ultrafiltration. Initially, grey water was treated in a laboratory SBR reactor with a capacity of 3 L, operated in a 24 h cycle. Then, SBR effluent was purified in a cross-flow ultrafiltration setup. Treatment efficiency in SBR and ultrafiltration was assessed using extended physicochemical and microbiological analyses (pH, conductivity, color, absorbance, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), nitrate, phosphate, ammonium, total nitrogen, phenol index, nonionic and anionic surfactants, TOC, Escherichia coli, and enterococci). Additionally, ultrafiltration was evaluated in terms of fouling behavior for three polymer membranes with different MWCO (molecular weight cut-off). The values of quality parameters (pH, conductivity, COD, BOD5, TOC, N-NH4+, N-NO3−, Ntot, and P-PO43−) measured in SBR effluent did not exceed permissible values for wastewater discharged to soil and water. Ultrafiltration provided the high-quality water with very low values of COD (5.8–18.1 mg/L), TOC (0.47–2.19 mg/L), absorbanceUV254 (0.015–0.048 1/cm), color (10–29 mgPt/L) and concentration of nitrate (0.18–0.56 mg/L), phosphate (0.9–2.1 mg/L), ammonium (0.03–0.11 mg/L), and total nitrogen (3.3–4.7 mg/L) as well as lack of E. coli and enterococci. Membrane structural and surface properties did not affect the treatment efficiency, but did influence the fouling behavior.

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TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2019/6/47-50 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 47-50

Author(s):

I. A. Ilina ◽

I. A. Machneva ◽

E. S. Bakun

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Thermal Characteristics ◽

Environmental Safety ◽

Raw Material ◽

High Quality ◽

Temperature Conductivity ◽

Drying Temperature ◽

Plant Raw Materials ◽

Gel Forming Ability

The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

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Packaged system delivers sterile, sustainable, high-quality water

Membrane Technology ◽

10.1016/s0958-2118(20)30137-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (8) ◽

pp. 3-4

Keyword(s):

High Quality ◽

Quality Water

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Value to agriculture of high-quality water from nuclear desalination

Journal of Hydrology ◽

10.1016/0022-1694(69)90158-9 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 248

Keyword(s):

High Quality ◽

Quality Water

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High quality water for CHP

Membrane Technology ◽

10.1016/s0958-2118(96)90233-5 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1996 (69) ◽

pp. 4

Keyword(s):

High Quality ◽

Quality Water

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Green and facile synthesis of high-quality water-soluble Ag-In-S/ZnS core/shell quantum dots with obvious bandgap and sub-bandgap excitations

Journal of Alloys and Compounds ◽

10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.04.242 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 753 ◽

pp. 364-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yanyan Chen ◽

Qiang Wang ◽

Tianyong Zha ◽

Jigang Min ◽

Jingying Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dots ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Core Shell ◽

Facile Synthesis ◽

High Quality ◽

Quality Water

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Modern water treatment system for high-quality water used in the energy industry

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/288/1/012024 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 288 ◽

pp. 012024

Author(s):

E Rakhmetova ◽

A Kozodaev ◽

A Zavyalova ◽

O Kondrateva ◽

N Zvonkova

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Treatment System ◽

Energy Industry ◽

High Quality ◽

Water Treatment System ◽

Quality Water

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Responses of food web to hypolimnetic aeration in Lake Vesijärvi

Hydrobiologia ◽

10.1007/s10750-020-04319-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 847 (21) ◽

pp. 4503-4523 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jukka Ruuhijärvi ◽

Tommi Malinen ◽

Kirsi Kuoppamäki ◽

Pasi Ala-Opas ◽

Mika Vinni

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Food Web ◽

Harmful Algal Blooms ◽

Algal Blooms ◽

Perca Fluviatilis ◽

Fish Predation ◽

Filamentous Cyanobacteria ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

High Quality ◽

Oxygen Conditions

AbstractWe studied the responses of a food web, especially fish and zooplankton, to summertime aeration, pumping of oxygen-rich epilimnetic water to the hypolimnion in Lake Vesijärvi, southern Finland. The aim of hypolimnetic aeration was to reduce internal loading of phosphorus from sediment. The population of smelt (Osmerus eperlanus L.), the main planktivore of the pelagial area, collapsed during the two 1st years of aeration due to increased temperature and low oxygen concentrations in the hypolimnion. The population recovered after the 4th year of hypolimnetic aeration, when oxygen conditions were improved. Despite elevated hypolimnetic temperature, smelt reached exceptionally high abundance, which led to a significant reduction in cladoceran body size. The density of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) increased at first, but then decreased when the proportion of smelt and cyprinids increased. Biomasses of Daphnia decreased probably as a result of the disappearance of dark, low-oxygen deep-water refuge against fish predation and low availability of nutritionally high-quality algae. Occasionally filamentous cyanobacteria, such as turbulence tolerant Planktothrix agardhii (Gomont), were abundant, suggesting deteriorated food resources for zooplankton. The responses of food web were controversial with respect to the aim of the management, which was to prevent the occurrence of harmful algal blooms.

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