scholarly journals Upper Precambrian General Stratigraphic Scale of Russia: Main problems and proposals for improvement

LITOSFERA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-468
Author(s):  
S. A. Dub
Keyword(s):  
Work Groups ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Upper Proterozoic ◽  
Lower Proterozoic ◽  
Upper Riphean ◽  
The Status

Research subject. Main problems of the General Stratigraphic Scale (GSS) of the Upper Precambrian including uncertainties in the hierarchy of subdivisions are analyzed.Results. Prospects for detailing the Upper Precambrian GSS are discussed, along with questions of its correlation with International Chronostratigraphic Chart (ICSC) and establishing the lower boundaries of chronostratigraphic subdivisions. The importance of unifying the existing views is emphasized.Conclusions. It is proposed to carry out the following reforms of GSS: to abolish Acrothemes / Acrons; to approve the Proterozoic (as well as the Archean) as an Eonotheme / Eon; to minimize the use of terms “Upper Proterozoic” and “Lower Proterozoic”; to assign the Riphean and Vendian to the rank of Erathem / Era (while preserving the status of the Vendian as a System / Period); to consider Burzyanian, Yurmatinian, Karatavian and Arshinian as Systems / Periods of the Riphean. Attention is focused on the Upper Riphean-Vendian interval. The lower boundary of the Upper Riphean (Karatavian) was proposed to establish according to the first appearance of the Trachyhystrichosphaera sp. microfossils. Then, the Terminal Riphean (Arshinian) lower boundary should be traced to the base of the tillites formed during the global Sturtian glaciation (which approximately corresponds to the base of the Cryogenian in ICSC). Apparently, the Vendian lower boundary may be raised to the level of the top of the Gaskiers tillites, as the deposits of the last major glaciation in the Precambrian. The indicated proposals are substantiated. It is necessary to form work groups to develop solutions.

Terranes

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Bluck ◽  
W. Gibbons ◽  
J. K. Ingham
Keyword(s):  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Upper Proterozoic ◽  
Lower Proterozoic ◽  
Central Highland ◽  
Thrust Zone ◽  
Lower Palaeozoic ◽  
Moine Thrust Zone ◽  
Shallow Marine Sediments ◽  
Northern Highlands

AbstractThe Precambrian and Lower Palaeozoic foundations of the British Isles may be viewed as a series of suspect terranes whose exposed boundaries are prominent fault systems of various kinds, each with an unproven amount of displacement. There are indications that they accreted to their present configuration between late Precambrian and Carboniferous times. From north to south they are as follows.In northwest Scotland the Hebridean terrane (Laurentian craton in the foreland of the Caledonian Orogen) comprises an Archaean and Lower Proterozoic gneissose basement (Lewisian) overlain by an undeformed cover of Upper Proterozoic red beds and Cambrian to early mid Ordovician shallow marine sediments. The terrane is cut by the Outer Isles Thrust, a rejuvenated Proterozoic structure, and is bounded to the southeast by the Moine Thrust zone, within the hanging wall of which lies a Proterozoic metamorphic complex (Moine Supergroup) which constitutes the Northern Highlands terrane. The Moine Thrust zone represents an essentially orthogonal closure of perhaps 100 km which took place during Ordovician-Silurian times (Elliott & Johnson 1980). The Northern Highlands terrane records both Precambrian and late Ordovician to Silurian tectonometamorphic events (Dewey & Pankhurst 1970) and linkage with the Hebridean terrane is provided by slices of reworked Lewisian basement within the Moine Supergroup (Watson 1983).To the southwest of the Great Glen-Walls Boundary Fault system lies the Central Highlands (Grampian) terrane, an area dominated by the late Proterozoic Dalradian Supergroup which is underlain by a gneissic complex (Central Highland Granulites) that has been variously interpreted as either older

scholarly journals Upper Proterozoic and Lower Palaeozoic strata in northern East Greenland

1989 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
M.J Hambrey ◽  
J.S Peel ◽  
M.P Smith
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
North Atlantic Region ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
Upper Proterozoic ◽  
Clastic Sediments ◽  
Upper Riphean ◽  
Lower Palaeozoic ◽  
The Subject

The Caledonides of East Greenland contain the best exposures of Upper Riphean to Ordovician sediments in the Arctic - North Atlantic region. At its thickest the sequence contains 13 km of Eleonore Bay Group clastic sediments and carbonates, the 0.8 km thick Tillite Group and 3 km of Cambro-Ordovician strata (Henriksen & Higgins, 1976; Henriksen, 1985). These sediments crop out in a belt stretching for nearly 300 km through the fjord region, between 71° 38' and 74° 25'N. Those in the northern part of the region, between Brogetdal in Strindberg Land and southern Payer Land, and especiaIly Albert Heim Bjerge and C. H. Ostenfeld Nunatak, were the subject of investigation during 1988 (figs 1, 2).

Collecting Data and the Status of the Research Subject in Brain-Machine Interface Research in Chronic Stroke Rehabilitation

Somatechnics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 244-263
Author(s):  
Melike Şahinol
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Brain Machine Interface ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Actual Patient ◽  
The Status ◽  
Machine Interface

Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) has moved to the forefront of neuroscientific trials as it not only establishes a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device but enables the measuring of brain activity in research subjects whereby data is collected. With special emphasis on the somatechnics of BMI, this article analyses the relationship between this data collection process and actual patient care in chronic stroke rehabilitation. In doing so, it focuses on behaviour patterns associated with the use of specific technology that enables the scientist to use certain techniques in order to establish a hierarchy among research participants. In this hierarchy the scientist assumes a superior status to the research subject, an occurrence that is partially supported by using BMI technology and partially initiated by the need to generate data. Based on ethnographic studies of BMI research in hospitals and laboratories, the article outlines how this hierarchical structure in neuroscientific research leads to ethical questions in the quality of actual patient care. It continues to explore how patient care is affected mainly as a result of the changing status of the research subject from an initial bio-technical form that produces data in real time and whose brain is understood as an epistemic object to the patient being considered a ‘perceptible’ or ‘plausible gestalt’ ( Lindemann 2009 ) and therefore a social person. Although focus lies on the status of the research subject as part of actual patient care, scientific data generation remains indispensable for medical advancement; that is curing the patient. The article draws conclusion by addressing this very problem and therewith intends to contribute empirically based insights to a socially relevant discourse on neuroscientific trials. 1

Données nouvelles sur le protérozoïque inférieur du domaine nord-armoricain (France): age et signification

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Auvray ◽  
René Charlot ◽  
Philippe Vidal
Keyword(s):  
West African ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
West African Craton ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
The North ◽  
Upper Proterozoic ◽  
Lower Proterozoic ◽  
Proterozoic Basement ◽  
Armorican Massif

Orthogneisses from the Tregor area of the North Armorican Massif have been dated using the U/Pb method on zircons. Ages of between 1.8 and 2.0 Ga have been obtained, thus significantly extending the known size of the Lower Proterozoic basement in this area. It is argued that the presence of such a substantial area of basement is a further argument for an Upper Proterozoic (Brioverian) south-dipping subduction zone which was located to the north of the Armorican Massif. On the other hand, the similarities between the North Armorican block and the northern margin of the West African craton during the Proterozoic are emphasized.

scholarly journals Legal status of court assessors

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Iaroslav Manin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
The Status ◽  
Federal Judges

The research subject is the legal status of jurors and commercial court assessors; the research object is social relations emerging during the implementation of substantive and procedural rules defining the status of the above mentioned categories of assessors according to the Russian national legislation as judges ad hoc. The author analyzes the legislation regulating the jurors and commercial court assessors focusing on its interpretations - judicial and doctrinal. The research contains the discussions with Russian scholars on the research topic, generalizes their views, describes contradictions and demonstrates the differences in their opinions. The author uses the statistical and other methods and arrives at particular conclusions. The author places the conclusions and suggestions both in the very text and in the executive summary of the article. The main is the conclusion about the equality of legal statuses of federal judges, jurors and commercial court assessors, and the equality of the statuses of federal judges emeritus and court assessors with the expired tenure. The novelty of the research consists in particular suggestions about the improvement of the legislation and detailed (compared with other works) elaboration of the status of court assessors. The author’s contribution consists in the elaboration of the problem which is of theoretical and practical importance, and is particularly urgent in the context of the judicial reform and law enforcement activities affecting protected persons.

scholarly journals The peculiarities of questioning of minors: problems and solutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Anna Dorosinskaia ◽  
Irina Bliznyuk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Juvenile Crime ◽  
Crime Statistics ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Status ◽  
China And Japan

The research subject is the questioning of juvenile participants of criminal proceedings; the research object is the peculiarities of this investigative procedure. The research is of a theoretical nature; the authors analyze and study the particular aspects of the questioning of minors. The research is based on the formal-legal, comparative-legal and the systems methods. The authors study in details such aspects of the issue as juvenile crime statistics for 2008 - 2020 and the factors promoting its growth. Special attention is given to the preparation for the questioning and the very procedure of questioning of a juvenile person. The article contains preliminary and final conclusions. The authors consider the participants to the procedure of questioning of minors whose presense at the procedure is required, and the temporal limits for such an interrogation established by law. The urgency of studying the specificity of the status of a children's counsel is determined by the need for its statutorization, and contains in itself the novelty of the research. The formalization of the modernization of the conditions of the questionning of minors, and the issues of acceptability of its repetitive conduction are of a practical importance for law-enforcement activities. For the purpose of a comparative analysis, the authors consider the procedural peculiarities of the questioning of minors contained in the criminal procedure laws of China and Japan. 

scholarly journals Seismogeological structure model of the Anabar-Olenek region

Georesursy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Igor A. Gubin ◽  
Vladimir A. Kontorovich
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Seismic Facies ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
Wave Velocities ◽  
Upper Proterozoic ◽  
Upper Riphean ◽  
Seismic Facies Analysis ◽  
Deep Boreholes

The velocity characteristics of the Upper Proterozoic-Phanerozoic sedimentary cover of the Anabar-Olenek region were studied, in particular, the bimodal character of the distribution interval P-wave velocities was established. Taking into account modern ideas about the chronostratigraphy of sediments encountered by the Charchykskaya-1, Burskaya-3410 and Khastakhskaya-930 deep boreholes, stratification of reflecting horizons was carried out and time sections from previous years were reinterpreted. From the perspective of seismic stratigraphic and seismic facies analysis, the Cambrian, Vendian, and Riphean intervals of the section were examined in detail. In the course of the analysis, adjustments to the stratigraphic breakdown of the Burskaya-3410 and Charchykskaya-1 boreholes are proposed. The study shows that the Lapar Formation, which underwent Prepermian erosion, increase in the thickness multiple in an eastward direction. The distribution areas of the Tuessal Formation, the Lower and Middle Cambrian clinoform complex, as well as the areas of the Upper Riphean Formations reaching the Prevendian erosion surface are contoured. An Intrariphean tectonic disagreement between the Kulady Formation and older deposits was established.

Precambrian

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Anderton ◽  
W. Gibbons ◽  
P. G. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Angular Unconformity ◽  
Upper Proterozoic ◽  
Lower Proterozoic ◽  
Clastic Sediments ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Red Bed

AbstractFor much of Precambrian time, it is not possible to reconstruct any sort of meaningful palaeogeographies. For this Atlas, therefore, the earliest reconstructions are for Proterozoic intervals and are, of necessity, limited geographically.The term 'Torridonian' has long since been used to refer to the entire Upper Proterozoic succession of predominantly fluvial clastic sediments situated along the northwest coast of Scotland. These rocks rest unconformably on Archaean to Lower Proterozoic Lewisian Gneiss, are overlain unconformably by Cambro-Ordovician marine sediments, and constitute the best sedimentary exposures in the British Isles. Stratigraphically, 'Torridonian' deposits are subdivided into the Stoer, Sleat and Torridon groups. The Stoer and Torridon groups are separated by an angular unconformity (Lawson 1965; Stewart 1969) and have been dated at 968 and 777 Ma respectively (Moorbath 1969; Stewart 1982), although these ages may be up to 100 Ma too young (see discussion in Stewart 1988a, p. 98). Sedimentation dates of c. 1050 (Stoer Group) and c. 850 (Torridon Group) are, therefore, likely to be more realistic.The lowest of the three groups consists of a diverse suite of red bed deposits up to 2 km thick representing fluvial, aeolian and ephemeral lacustrine environments, suggesting a semi-arid climate (Stewart 1988a). Deposition occurred at an approximate palaeolatitude of 15°N (Torsvik & Sturt 1987). Stoer Group sediments have been divided by Stewart (1988a) into seven constituent facies. The illustrated palaeogeographical time interval encompasses the end of Bay of Stoer facies deposition, theThe Bay .of Stoer facies consists of roughly 200 m

Cover gneisses of the Monashee Terrane: a record of synsedimentary rifting in the North American Cordillera

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 712-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Scammell ◽  
Richard L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Alkaline Magmatism ◽  
Pyroclastic Deposits ◽  
North American Cordillera ◽  
Metasedimentary Rocks ◽  
The North ◽  
Upper Proterozoic ◽  
Lower Proterozoic ◽  
Proterozoic Basement ◽  
Siliciclastic Sediments

The Monashee Terrane of southeastern British Columbia is composed of Lower Proterozoic basement gneisses unconformably overlain by cover gneisses. The latter constitute a thick (> 2000 m) and laterally extensive (> 150 km) upper-amphibolite-grade succession of metasedimentary rocks, locally intercalated with minor intrusive and extrusive units. This succession is interpreted as reflecting initial broad, amagmatic subsidence and sedimentation on a cratonic platform (basement gneisses), most likely of North American affinity. Throughout most of the terrane, syndepositional magmatism is first marked by a laterally extensive (> 100 km) stratiform pyroclastic carbonatite, which is part of intermittent (long-lived?) alkaline magmatism. One alkaline body was intruded at ca. 740 ± 36 Ma (U–Pb zircon), suggesting that it may be part of initial Windermere rifting. Post-pyroclastic-carbonatite syndepositional extensional tectonism is further evidenced at the north end of the terrane by interlayered mature and immature siliciclastic sediments, with rapid facies changes, intercalated with ultramafic and mafic sills and flows, plus minor felsic pyroclastic deposits. All of these later deposits lie above stratigraphy correlated with strata hosting a stratiform Pb–Zn deposit with an Early Cambrian galena Pb-isotope age and, therefore, may be correlative with a rift–drift transition recorded in Hamill Group strata to the east. Rift tectonism recorded in cover gneisses may reflect one or more documented rift and rift–drift events recorded in Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian strata of the western North American continental terrace prism.

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