scholarly journals REDUCTION OF GASEOUS EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS: COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW OF METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA EUGENIA LOPEZ LAMBAS ◽  
STEFANO RICCI ◽  
LUCA RIZZETTO
Keyword(s):  
Gaseous Emissions

APPLICATION OF TITANIUM OXIDE COATINGS FOR NEUTRALIZATION OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
О. Halak ◽  
N. Poltorak ◽  
О. Kravchuk ◽  
V. Synko ◽  
Y. Korol
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Oxide Coatings ◽  
Mobile Objects ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Catalytic Material ◽  
Air Purifier ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Purification Methods ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic

Contamination of hazardous chemicals is currently considered one of the major environmental problems. The methods of purification of gaseous emissions depending on the physicochemical properties of pollutants, in particular dangerous chemical, their aggregate state, concentration in the gas environment are studied in this article. The effect of aerosol content such as dust and soot is analyzed as well as the efficiency of purification methods at different temperature intervals, methods of purification of multicomponent mixtures. The comparative characteristics of thermochemical, reagent, sorption and catalytic methods are given and the prospects of their application in filtering systems of stationary and mobile objects are evaluated. It has been proved that almost any organic compounds can be oxidized (mineralized) on the TiO2surface. In practice, any photocatalytic air purifier includes a porous TiO2 deposited carrier, which is irradiated with ultraviolet rays and through which air is purged. Photocatalysis is suitable for domestic use as it can occur at room temperature. For example, a thermocatalytic method of destroying harmful substances requires preheating the air to a temperature above 200 ° C. Photocatalysis destroys substances that penetrate even through activated carbon filters. Features of formation of oxide coatings by plasma-electrolytic oxidation of titanium alloys are considered. It is proposed to refine the design of collective defense systems on armored vehicles and stationary facilities with additional installation in the filter-absorber of the grid with the deposited layer of catalytic material, which will neutralize various types of dangerous chemicals due to photocatalytic air purification.

Sewage sludge as a precursor of adsorbents/catalysts for environmental applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ros ◽  
C. Canals-Batlle ◽  
M.A. Lillo-Ródenas ◽  
E. Fuente ◽  
M. A. Montes-Morán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Elemental Sulphur ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Removal Experiments ◽  
Catalytically Active

This paper focuses on the valorisation of solid residues obtained from the thermal treatment of sewage sludge. In particular, sewage sludge samples were collected from two waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) with different sludge line basic operations. After drying, sludges were heated up to 700 °C in appropriate ovens under diluted air (gasification) and inert (pyrolysis) atmospheres. The solids obtained, as well as the dried (raw) sludges, were characterised to determine their textural properties and chemical composition, including the speciation of their inorganic fraction. All the materials under study were employed as adsorbents/catalysts in H2S removal experiments at room temperature. It was found that, depending on the particular sludge characteristics, outstanding results can be achieved both in terms of retention capacities and selectivity. Some of the solids outperform commercially available sorbents specially designed for gaseous emissions control. In these adsorbents/catalysts, H2S is selectively oxidised to elemental sulphur most likely due to the presence of inorganic, catalytically active species. The role of the carbon-enriched part on these solids is also remarked.

scholarly journals Bog plant/lichen tissue nitrogen and sulfur concentrations as indicators of emissions from oil sands development in Alberta, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kelman Wieder ◽  
Melanie A. Vile ◽  
Kimberli D. Scott ◽  
Cara M. Albright ◽  
James C. Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Sphagnum Fuscum ◽  
S Cycling ◽  
S Deposition ◽  
Tissue Chemistry

AbstractIncreasing gaseous emissions of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) associated with oil sands development in northern Alberta (Canada) has led to changing regional wet and dry N and S deposition regimes. We assessed the potential for using bog plant/lichen tissue chemistry (N and S concentrations, C:N and C:S ratios, in 10 plant/lichen species) to monitor changing atmospheric N and S deposition through sampling at five bog sites, 3–6 times per growing season from 2009 to 2016. During this 8-year period, oil sands N emissions steadily increased, while S emissions steadily decreased. We examined the following: (1) whether each species showed changes in tissue chemistry with increasing distance from the Syncrude and Suncor upgrader stacks (the two largest point sources of N and S emissions); (2) whether tissue chemistry changed over the 8 year period in ways that were consistent with increasing N and decreasing S emissions from oil sands facilities; and (3) whether tissue chemistry was correlated with growing season wet deposition of NH4+-N, NO3−-N, or SO42−-S. Based on these criteria, the best biomonitors of a changing N deposition regime were Evernia mesomorpha, Sphagnum fuscum, and Vaccinium oxycoccos. The best biomonitors of a changing S deposition regime were Evernia mesomorpha, Cladonia mitis, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Vaccinium oxycoccos, and Picea mariana. Changing N and S deposition regimes in the oil sands region appear to be influencing N and S cycling in what once were pristine ombrotrophic bogs, to the extent that these bogs may effectively monitor future spatial and temporal patterns of deposition.

scholarly journals Indoor Air Quality: Assessment of Dangerous Substances in Incense Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8086
Author(s):  
Gabriela Ventura Silva ◽  
Anabela O. Martins ◽  
Susana D. S. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Cone Type ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
At Home

Indoor air pollution has obtained more attention in a moment where “stay at home” is a maximum repeated for the entire world. It is urgent to know the sources of pollutants indoors, to improve the indoor air quality. This study presents some results obtained for twelve incense products, used indoors, at home, and in temples, but also in spa centers or yoga gymnasiums, where the respiratory intensity is high, and the consequences on health could be more severe. The focus of this study was the gaseous emissions of different types of incense, performing a VOC screening and identifying some specific VOCs different from the usual ones, which are known or suspected to cause severe chronic health effects: carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reprotoxic. Thirteen compounds were selected: benzene, toluene, styrene, naphthalene, furfural, furan, isoprene, 2-butenal, phenol, 2-furyl methyl ketone, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein. The study also indicated that incense cone type shows a higher probability of being more pollutant than incense stick type, as from the 12 products tested, four were cone type, and three of them were in the group of the four higher polluters. Benzene and formaldehyde presented worrying levels in the major part of the products, above guideline values established by the WHO. Unfortunately, there are no limit values established for indoor air for all the compounds studied, but this fact should not exempt us from taking action to alert the population to the potential dangers of using those products. From this study, acetaldehyde, acrolein, furfural, and furan emerge as compounds with levels to deserve attention.

Effect of biochar amendment on compost quality, gaseous emissions and pathogen reduction during in-vessel composting of chicken manure

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 131129
Author(s):  
Woo Jin Chung ◽  
Soon Woong Chang ◽  
Dhiraj Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Joung Du Shin ◽  
Hyunook Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Compost Quality ◽  
Pathogen Reduction ◽  
Biochar Amendment

scholarly journals Gas Detection and Identification Using Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Based Sensor Fusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Parag Narkhede ◽  
Rahee Walambe ◽  
Shruti Mandaokar ◽  
Pulkit Chandel ◽  
Ketan Kotecha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Fusion ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Multiple Sensors ◽  
Single Output ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Single Sensor

With the rapid industrialization and technological advancements, innovative engineering technologies which are cost effective, faster and easier to implement are essential. One such area of concern is the rising number of accidents happening due to gas leaks at coal mines, chemical industries, home appliances etc. In this paper we propose a novel approach to detect and identify the gaseous emissions using the multimodal AI fusion techniques. Most of the gases and their fumes are colorless, odorless, and tasteless, thereby challenging our normal human senses. Sensing based on a single sensor may not be accurate, and sensor fusion is essential for robust and reliable detection in several real-world applications. We manually collected 6400 gas samples (1600 samples per class for four classes) using two specific sensors: the 7-semiconductor gas sensors array, and a thermal camera. The early fusion method of multimodal AI, is applied The network architecture consists of a feature extraction module for individual modality, which is then fused using a merged layer followed by a dense layer, which provides a single output for identifying the gas. We obtained the testing accuracy of 96% (for fused model) as opposed to individual model accuracies of 82% (based on Gas Sensor data using LSTM) and 93% (based on thermal images data using CNN model). Results demonstrate that the fusion of multiple sensors and modalities outperforms the outcome of a single sensor.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tomato-Based Packing Material for Retention of Ammonia, Nitrous Oxide, Carbon Dioxide and Methane in Gas Phase Biofilters: A Laboratory Study

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
José L. S. Pereira ◽  
Adelaide Perdigão ◽  
Francisco Marques ◽  
Catarina Coelho ◽  
Mariana Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Packing Material ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Packing Materials ◽  
Tomato Waste

Biofilters are an effective air pollution control technology to break down gaseous contaminants and produce innocuous end products. This laboratory study aimed to evaluate a biofilter media, mainly composed by tomato waste, as packing material to reduce NH3, N2O, CO2 and CH4 losses from stored pig slurry. Three mixtures of packing materials, with and without oxalic acid, were arranged in treatments, namely: mixture of tomato waste, pine bark and agricultural compost; mixture of tomato waste and rice husk; tomato waste only. A control treatment (no biofilter) was also included. The experiments were conducted using a system of laboratory scale biofilters connected to jars filled with pig slurry and under a constant airflow rate. The gas concentrations were measured for 14 days and the physicochemical of the packing materials were assessed. Results showed that biofilter media mixtures had a potential for NH3 retention ranging from 51 to 77% and the addition of oxalic acid to these biofilters increased NH3 retention to 72–79%. Additionally, the biofilter media mixtures with and without oxalic acid showed a potential retention for CH4 (29–69%) but not for N2O, yet with no impact on the global warming potential. It can be concluded that tomato based biofilters had the potential to reduce gaseous emissions from slurry.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Novel Poultry Litter Amendment on Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Kelsey Anderson ◽  
Philip A. Moore ◽  
Jerry Martin ◽  
Amanda J. Ashworth
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Poultry Facilities

Gaseous emissions from poultry litter causes production problems for producers as well as the environment, by contributing to climate change and reducing air quality. Novel methods of reducing ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in poultry facilities are needed. As such, our research evaluated GHG emissions over a 42 d period. Three separate flocks of 1000 broilers were used for this study. The first flock was used only to produce litter needed for the experiment. The second and third flocks were allocated to 20 pens in a randomized block design with four replicated of five treatments. The management practices studied included an unamended control; a conventional practice of incorporating aluminum sulfate (referred to as alum) at 98 kg/100 m2); a novel litter amendment made from alum mud, bauxite, and sulfuric acid (alum mud litter amendment, AMLA) applied at different rates (49 and 98 kg/100 m2) and methods (surface applied or incorporated). Nitrous oxide emissions were low for all treatments in flocks 2 and 3 (0.40 and 0.37 mg m2 hr−1, respectively). The formation of caked litter (due to excessive moisture) during day 35 and 42 caused high variability in CH4 and CO2 emissions. Alum mud litter amendment and alum did not significantly affect GHGs emissions from litter, regardless of the amendment rate or application method. In fact, litter amendments such as alum and AMLA typically lower GHG emissions from poultry facilities by reducing ventilation requirements to maintain air quality in cooler months due to lower NH3 levels, resulting in less propane use and concomitant reductions in CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Biofuels and Fischer–Tropsch Diesel Blends on the Engine Combustion Performance for Reducing Exhaust Gaseous and Particulate Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1538
Author(s):  
Felipe Andrade Torres ◽  
Omid Doustdar ◽  
Jose Martin Herreros ◽  
Runzhao Li ◽  
Robert Poku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Engine Combustion

The worldwide consumption of fossil hydrocarbons in the road transport sector in 2020 corresponded to roughly half of the overall consumption. However, biofuels have been discreetly contributing to mitigate gaseous emissions and participating in sustainable development, and thus leading to the extending of the commercial utilization of internal combustion engines. In this scenario, the present work aims at exploring the effects of alternative fuels containing a blend of 15% ethanol and 35% biodiesel with a 50% fossil diesel (E15D50B35) or 50% Fischer–Tropsch (F-T) diesel (E15FTD50B35) on the engine combustion, exhaust emissions (CO, HC, and NOx), particulate emissions characteristics as well as the performance of an aftertreatment system of a common rail diesel engine. It was found that one of the blends (E15FTD50B35) showed more than 30% reduction in PM concentration number, more than 25% reduction in mean particle size, and more than 85% reduction in total PM mass with respect to conventional diesel fuel. Additionally, it was found that the E15FTD50B35 blend reduces gaseous emissions of total hydrocarbons (THC) by more than 25% and NO by 3.8%. The oxidation catalyst was effective in carbonaceous emissions reduction, despite the catalyst light-off being slightly delayed in comparison to diesel fuel blends.

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