scholarly journals The contribution of omental adipose tissue to adipokine concentrations in patients with the metabolic syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Tarantino ◽  
Roberto Lobello ◽  
Francesco Scopacasa ◽  
Franco Contaldo ◽  
Fabrizio Pasanisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Omental Adipose Tissue ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Purpose: To examine differences in peripheral vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6 (IL6) and cortisol concentrations between patients with both visceral obesity and metabolic syndrome, and lean controls. In a subsample of metabolic patients underwent abdominal surgery, the adipokine concentrations were measured in venous blood from the omentum to determine information on some processes of synthesis. Methods: Forty-two healthy lean controls and 46 overweight-obese patients with central adiposity and stigmata of metabolic syndrome were studied. In a subsample of 11 metabolic patients undergoing non-bariatric surgery, blood samples from omental and peripheral veins were taken intraoperatively to determine VEGF, IL6 and cortisol concentrations. Results: Median levels (range) of peripheral VEGF and IL6 were higher in patients than in controls [31.5 (3-112) pg/mL vs 21.35 (9-41.9) pg/mL (P < 0.05) and 5.50 (1.40-13) pg/mL vs 1.15 (0.3-1) pg/mL (P < 0.0001)]. On the other hand, concentrations of VEGF and IL6 from the omental and peripheral veins were similar in the surgery sub-group. Peripheral cortisol concentrations were not higher in patients than in controls, nor were omental concentrations different from the peripheral. Omental and peripheral VEGF and cortisol values were correlated, whereas no association was found between omental and peripheral IL6. Conclusions: In the presence of abdominal obesity, VEGF and IL6 concentrations are increased in the systemic circulation. The contribution of visceral adipose tissue to circulating levels of VEGF and IL6 was modest.

scholarly journals Obesity is the basis of metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
A. F. Verbovoy ◽  
N. I. Verbovaya ◽  
Yu. A. Dolgikh
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Symptom Complex ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Positive Effect

Metabolic syndrome is a symptom complex that is based on visceral obesity and insulin resistance. Its prevalence is quite high, which is a big problem, since this condition increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and mortality from them. Metabolic syndrome includes, in addition to abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, disorders of carbohydrate, lipid and purine metabolism. Visceral adipose tissue plays a key role in the formation of insulin resistance and other components of the metabolic syndrome. This is due to the fact that abdominal fat, in contrast to subcutaneous fat, synthesizes pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as adipokines — adipose tissue hormones that are involved in the formation of insulin resistance, affect carbohydrate and fat metabolism and the cardiovascular system. These include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, apelin and others. Some adipokines have an adverse effect on metabolism and increase cardiovascular risks, while others, on the contrary, have a positive effect. Taking into account their role in the development of the components of the metabolic syndrome, the possibilities of a therapeutic effect on the hormones of adipose tissue to improve metabolic processes and prevent complications associated with it are discussed.

Adipokines oversecreted by omental adipose tissue in human obesity

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (3) ◽  
pp. E656-E665 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Maury ◽  
K. Ehala-Aleksejev ◽  
Y. Guiot ◽  
R. Detry ◽  
A. Vandenhooft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Human Obesity ◽  
Omental Adipose Tissue ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Inflammatory Protein ◽  
Secretory Products

Central-omental obesity plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Adipokines are involved in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. However, adipokines secreted by omental adipose tissue (OAT) are still poorly characterized in human obesity. Therefore, we searched for novel adipokines abnormally secreted by OAT in obesity and examined their relationships with some features of metabolic syndrome and the respective contribution of adipocytes vs. stromal-vascular cells. OAT from obese and nonobese men was fractionated into adipocytes and SV cells, which were then cultured. Medium was screened by medium-scale protein arrays and ELISAs. Adipokine mRNA levels were measured by real-time RT-qPCR. We detected 16 cytokines secreted by each cellular fraction of lean and obese subjects. Of the 16 cytokines, six adipokines were newly identified as secretory products of OAT, which were dysregulated in obesity: three chemokines (growth-related oncogen factor, RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β), one interleukin (IL-7), one tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1), and one growth factor (thrombopoietin). Their secretion and expression were enhanced in obesity, with a relatively similar contribution of the two fractions. The higher proportion of macrophages and endothelial cells in obesity may contribute to this enhanced production as well as changes in intrinsic properties of hypertrophied adipocytes. Accordingly, mRNA concentrations of most of these adipokines increased during adipocyte differentiation. Eventually, expression of the investigated adipokines did correlate with several features of the metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, six adipokines were newly identified as oversecreted by OAT in obesity. These adipokines may link obesity to its cardiovascular or metabolic comorbidities.

Enhanced fatty acid uptake in visceral adipose tissue is not reversed by weight loss in obese individuals with the metabolic syndrome

Diabetologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Bucci ◽  
Anna C. Karmi ◽  
Patricia Iozzo ◽  
Barbara A. Fielding ◽  
Antti Viljanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Adipose

scholarly journals VALIDIZATION OF THE MOST INFORMATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSTICS OF VISCERAL OBESITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
V.M. Bondarenko ◽  
◽  
S.I. Pimanov ◽  
E.V. Makarenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Boundary Values ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
Measuring Techniques ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Objectives. To validate the ultrasound method of diagnosing visceral obesity in patients with cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. Material and methods. The study involved 115 people aged from 19 to 60 years, who represented a continuous random sample (examination sample). The diagnostic efficacy of shear wave ultrasound elastography of the lower perirenal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was evaluated in 59 patients. Ultrasound examination was performed on the Logiq E9 ultrasound machine (GE Healthcare, USA); convex 3.5 MHz and linear 10.0 MHz sensors were used. Results. To assess visceral obesity, the following measurements are recommended: the area of the lower perirenal adipose tissue (AT), the distance between the surface of the rectus abdominis muscle and the anterior wall of the aorta, the thickness of the epicardial and pericardial AT, as well as the elastography of the lower part of the perirenal AT. According to the results of the performed validation of ultrasound VAT measuring techniques, the accuracy of visceral obesity diagnosing in patients with arterial hypertension with the use of the boundary values of the lower part perirenal AT area made up 87.8%. The accuracy of visceral obesity diagnosing in patients with coronary heart disease, taking into account the boundary values of the epicardial AT thickness equalled 86.2%, and pericardial AT thickness amounted to 95.4%. Diagnosing of visceral obesity in patients with metabolic syndrome by measuring four ultrasound parameters (area of the lower part of perirenal AT, thickness of intraabdominal AT, epicardial and pericardial VAT) was carried out with an accuracy of 86.1%. Elastic modulus determination during elastography of the lower part of the perirenal AT using the boundary values, established for patients with metabolic syndrome, was performed with an accuracy of 91.5%.

scholarly journals Daily Consumption of Coffee and Eating Bread at Breakfast Time Is Associated with Lower Visceral Adipose Tissue and with Lower Prevalence of Both Visceral Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Japanese Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3090
Author(s):  
Teruhide Koyama ◽  
Mizuho Maekawa ◽  
Etsuko Ozaki ◽  
Nagato Kuriyama ◽  
Ritei Uehara
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Background: The study aimed to investigate the association between daily consumption of coffee or green tea, with and without habitual bread consumption for breakfast, and components and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Japanese populations. Methods: The study population consisted of 3539 participants (1239 males and 2300 females). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression analyses to evaluate the associations of daily coffee and green tea consumption with the prevalence of obesity, visceral obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Results: Coffee consumption was associated with significantly lower proportions of visceral obesity (OR: 0.746, CI: 0.588–0.947) and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.706, CI: 0.565–0.882). On the other hand, green tea was not associated with visceral obesity (OR: 1.105, CI: 0.885–1.380) or metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.980, CI: 0.796–1.206). The combination of daily drinking coffee and eating bread at breakfast time was associated with significantly lower proportions of obesity (OR: 0.613, CI: 0.500–0.751) (p = 0.911 for interaction), visceral obesity (OR: 0.549, CI: 0.425–0.710) (p = 0.991 for interaction), and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.586, CI: 0.464–0.741) (p = 0.792 for interaction). Conclusion: Coffee consumption was significantly associated with lower visceral adipose tissue and lower proportions of visceral obesity, but the same was not true for green tea consumption. Furthermore, in combination with coffee consumption, the addition of eating bread at breakfast time significantly lowered proportions of visceral obesity and metabolic syndrome, although there was no interaction between coffee and bread.

scholarly journals Local Androgen Inactivation in Abdominal Visceral Adipose Tissue

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 5944-5950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Blouin ◽  
Christian Richard ◽  
Chantal Bélanger ◽  
Pierre Dupont ◽  
Marleen Daris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Omental Adipose Tissue ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract We examined the expression and activity of two enzymes from the aldoketoreductase (AKR) family 1C, namely type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD-5, AKR1C3) and type 3 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD-3, AKR1C2) in female sc and omental adipose tissue and in preadipocyte primary cultures. 17β-HSD-5 preferentially synthesizes testosterone from the inactive adrenal precursor androstenedione, whereas 3α-HSD-3 inactivates dihydrotestosterone. mRNAs of both enzymes were detected in adipose tissue from the omental and sc compartments. Real-time PCR quantification indicated a 3-fold higher 3α-HSD-3 expression compared with 17β-HSD-5, and the expression of both enzymes tended to be higher in the sc vs. the omental depot. Accordingly, dose-response and time-course experiments performed in preadipocyte primary cultures indicated that 3α-HSD activity was higher than 17β-HSD activity (13-fold maximum velocity difference). We measured 3α-HSD activity in omental and sc adipose tissue samples of 32 women for whom body composition and body fat distribution were evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and CT, respectively. We found that androgen inactivation in omental adipose tissue through 3α-HSD activity was significantly higher in women with elevated vs. low visceral adipose tissue accumulation (1.7-fold difference; P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, omental adipose tissue 3α-HSD activity was positively and significantly associated with CT-measured visceral adipose tissue (r = 0.43; P &lt; 0.02) and omental adipocyte diameter (r = 0.42; P &lt; 0.02). These results indicate that local androgen inactivation is a predominant reaction in female abdominal adipose tissue, with the greatest conversion rates observed in the presence of abdominal visceral obesity. Increased androgen inactivation in omental adipose tissue of abdominally obese women may impact locally on the regulation of adipocyte metabolism.

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