scholarly journals Monitoring Use of Antibiotic with ATC/DDD and DU 90% on Pediatric Patients at One of the Government Hospitals in East Borneo

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Risna Agustina ◽  
Wisnu Cahyo Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Quantitative Data Analysis ◽  
Government Hospitals ◽  
The Government ◽  
Basic Medical

Pediatric patients are among the recipients of most antibiotic treatment in hospitals so as to induce irrational use of antibiotics. This study aims to monitor the use of antibiotics in pediatric using ATC/DDD methods and DU 90%. This study is a descriptive study with a retrospective study by taking data from medical records to assess the use of antibiotics in pediatric patients with various diseases in the hospital. Quantitative data analysis using ATC/DDD methods showed that the widely used antibiotic was ceftriaxone 16,93% DDD. Antibiotics that include into the DU segment 90% use in the order of the largest to the smallest, respectively are ceftriaxone, metronidazole, cefotaxime, gentamycin, polymyxin B, colistin, cotrimoxazole, cefuroxime, and meropenem. The prescribing effect of short-term antibiotic use in basic medical services may increase the incidence of resistance.

scholarly journals ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIPTION TO PEDIATRIC IN HOSPITAL BENGKULU, INDONESIA: ATC/DDD INDEX

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Zamharira Muslim
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Government Hospital ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Bed Days ◽  
The Government ◽  
Very High

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the utilization of antibiotics for children in the General Hospital of Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu, Indonesia by using the ATC/DDD index, which is accepted as a standard method.Methods: This study was descriptive analytic research with qualitative methods. Observations conducted over six months collecting retrospective prescribing data antibiotics in children admitted in January to June 2014. Data obtained assessed antibiotics prescribed in a quantity which is calculated using ATC/DDD index. In this study, DDDs of anti-infective agents are listed for systemic use, according to ATC/DDD 2016 Index. Data pediatric patients hospitalized amounted to 447 patients while fulfilling the inclusion criteria amounted to 103 medical records and the use of antibiotics which recorded 175 prescriptions.Results: The kind of antibiotics that are widely used are gentamicin (34.9%) and ampicillin (34.3%). The highest ACI based group is penicillin group antibiotics (ampicillin) is 26 DDD/100 bed-days. Highest DDDs in this study is ampicillin (101.7). Utilization of antibiotics in hospitals in Bengkulu, Indonesia to pediatric patient higher than suggested by the WHO is based on a quantitative analysis using the ACT/DDD index.Conclusion: Analysis of antibiotic use in children is not rationally quantitatively seen from the total value of ACI in one of the government hospital is very high compared to WHO standard and based on the most antibiotic type was ampicillin followed by gentamicin.

scholarly journals Physical therapy in infants and preschool children with burns: retrospective descriptive study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mikelini Ayumi Takino ◽  
Edna Yukimi Itakussu ◽  
Celita Salmaso Trelha ◽  
Paola Janeiro Valenciano ◽  
Dirce Shizuko Fujisawa
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Burn Treatment ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Breathing Techniques ◽  
Therapy Sessions

Introduction: Burns are traumatic injuries that occur due to external events, and particularities of pediatric patients make it more serious condition. Physical therapy is essential to the recovery of children victims of burns and it should be started early during hospitalization. Objective: Define initial and final physical therapy care in children victims of burns, during the period of hospitalization, in a Burn Treatment Centers (BTC). Methods: Retrospective and descriptive study by means of gathering information in medical records of children victims of burns, convenience sample, consisted of patients in the 0-6 age group, that were interned in BTC of University Hospital/ UEL, from January 2011 to February 2014. Results: Data from 102 medical records were collected, physical therapy was realized in 94 (92.1%) cases, being respiratory physical therapy, placements, motor physical therapy, orthosis indication and orientation. In the first, second, last but one and last sessions, the most used breathing techniques were clearence maneuvers; the general placements was the most used; during motor physical therapy, the gait /walking and orientation were used with more frequency in last assistance. Conclusion: The initial physical therapy emphasizes the clearence maneuvers for prevention and treatment of respiratory complications that threaten the survival of the patient. The activities focused on functionality were adressed throughout the hospital stay, especially in the final stage. The physical therapy sessions progressed from passive techniques to active, according to the evolution of patients

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS ON THE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE CONTROL AT THE HOSPITAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nani Indriana ◽  
Wiku Bakti. B Adisasmito
Keyword(s):  
Private Hospital ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Antibacterial Resistance ◽  
Government Hospital ◽  
Government Hospitals ◽  
The Government

Abstract. In order to control Antibacterial Resistance at the hospital in Indonesia, the Government of Indonesia established an Antibiotics Resistance Control Committee and issued a Regulation from the Ministry of Health, regulation no 8/2015 on an antibiotics resistance control program at the hospital. This is an investigation on the Antibacterial Resistance Control Program (ARCP) at the Hospital, which compares its implementation at a government hospital and a private hospital, Persahabatan Central General Hospital (CGH) and Bogor Indonesian Red Cross Hospital (BIRCH). This was a descriptive study with a qualitative analysis obtained through indepth interviews and documentary research. We discovered that the ARCP was implemented better at Persahabatan CGH compared to BIRCH. Problems include ineffective communication, limited resources, lack of an antibiotic guideline (at BIRCH), lack of coordination between organizations, lack of supervision from the government, and the lack of motivation to implement the policy. These issues can be solved by intensifying the socialization of the policy, conducting more workshops and trainings for private and government hospitals that has not received any, providing an incentive for them to implement the program, such as including ARC into hospital accreditation indicators, and clarifying the benefits of the program to the stakeholders. Abstrak. Salah satu upaya pengendalian resistensi antibiotika di Indonesia adalah pembentukan pembentukan Komite Pengendalian Resisten Antibiotika (KPRA) dan diterbitkannya Permenkes no. 8 Tahun 2015 tentang program pengendalian resistensi antibiotika (PPRA) di rumah sakit (RS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali lebih dalam terhadap implementasi kebijakan PPRA di RS dibandingkan antara RS pemerintah dengan RS swasta yaitu RS Persahabatan dan RS PMI. Metode penelitian merupakan studi deskriptif dengan analisis kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam dan telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan PPRA di RS Pemerintah lebih baik dari RS Swasta. Saran yang diajukan adalah mempercepat peningkatan kesadaran akan pentingnya PPRA, terutama bagi RS.

scholarly journals Descriptive Study of Pediatric Patients with Ileum Stoma at Inpatient Installation of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Farihazqa Hafez Mikala ◽  
Alpha Fardah Athiyyah ◽  
I Gusti Bagus Adria Hariastawa ◽  
I Gusti Made Reza Gunadi Ranuh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Intestinal Atresia ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Male Patients

Introduction: Ileostomy is needed as an important part of the management of several congenital disorders of the intestine. One of the indication of ileostomy in children is short bowel syndrome, which is caused by intestinal atresia such as ileal atresia and intussusception. Ileostomy is a surgery procedure which consists of creating holes on abdominal walls to release stool. The objective of this study was to determine the description of pediatric patients who underwent ileostomy in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study on medical records in the Central Medical Record Department of Pediatrics and General Surgery Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya from January 2017 to December 2018. Results: There were 26 pediatric patients who underwent ileostomy in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Samples from male patients consisted of 57.7%, while female patients consisted of 42.3% with the most common age group was neonates with 57.7%, infants 30.8%, and toddlers 11.5%. There were 30.7% patients with 2.0-2.9 kg body weight, 27% with 3.0-3.9 kg body weight, and 42.3% with more than 4 kg body weight. The outcome showed that repair was needed, or the patient was discharged with periodic follow-up after ileostomy. Conclusion: Ileostomy was performed mostly in neonates with average weight within normal body mass index (BMI) and the highest incidence of pediatric patient with ileum stoma was in pediatric patients.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Tifoid Rawat Inap di Salah Satu Rumah Sakit Pemerintah Provinsi Bali dengan Metode Gyssens dan ATC/DDD

2020 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Nyoman Dyah Sukmawati ◽  
Made Krisna Adi Jaya ◽  
Dewa Ayu Swastini
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Government Hospitals ◽  
Global Health Problem

Typhoid is a global health problem especially in developing countries, one of which is in Indonesia. The incidence of antibiotic resistance in typhoid therapy can occur due to inappropriate use of antibiotics. This study aims to determine patterns of antibiotic use as well as the quality and quantity of antibiotic use in typhoid therapy in one of the provincial government hospitals in Bali. This study was an observational study conducted retrospectively which was analyzed using the Gyssens and ATC/DDD methods. The research data were taken from the medical records of patients in the January-December 2019 period that met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that of the 40 total antibiotics prescribing, ceftriaxone was the most widely used antibiotic for typhoid therapy. The quality of antibiotic use as much as 40% is stated rational (category 0), while the other 60% is irrational (categories I-VI) which includes the use of antibiotics with incorrect interval of administration (IIB; 5%), the use of antibiotics that is too long (IIIA; 40%), the use of antibiotics that are too short (IIIB; 5%), there are other antibiotics that are more effective (IVA; 5%), and there are other antibiotics that are less toxic/safer (IVB; 5%). The quantity of antibiotic use was stated more than WHO standards which includes the use of ceftriaxone at 83.80 DDD/100 patient days; levofloxacin at 27.47 DDD/100 patient days; and azithromycin at 3.52 DDD/100 patient days. The results of this study are expected to be a consideration for the hospital as a material for evaluation and improvement in order to improve the rationality of antibiotic use.

Effectiveness of citicoline in pediatric patients with refractive amblyopia in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-661
Author(s):  
Rozalina Loebis ◽  
Bambang Subakti Zulkarnain ◽  
Fitri Amalia Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Structural Abnormality ◽  
Limited Sampling ◽  
Clinically Significant

Abstract Objectives Amblyopia is a decrease of visual acuity that cannot be attributed to any structural abnormality of the eye or visual system, causing a partial or complete loss of vision due to inadequate stimulation in early life. Citicoline has been reported to improve visual acuity in amblyopic eyes as adjuvant treatment. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of citicoline in pediatric patients with refractive amblyopia in ophthalmology daily practices. Methods This was a retrospective–descriptive study with a time limited sampling method. This study was conducted at Surabaya Eye Clinic, East Java, Indonesia, by reviewing medical records for the period of January 2018 to December 2019. Results A total of 34 eyes were included in the study with the majority aged five years (41.2%) and six years (35.3%). The severity of amblyopia varied among patients, 21 eyes (61.76%) had mild amblyopia, seven eyes (20.59%) had moderate amblyopia, and two eyes (5.88%) had severe amblyopia. The duration of given therapy also varied, 18 eyes (52.94%) were given 3 months therapy, two eyes were given 4 months therapy, 12 eyes were given 6 months therapy, and two eyes were given 8 months therapy. Citicoline was found effective in mild and moderate amblyopia and for the duration of 3 and 6 months (p<0.05). In others group who did not showed statistically significant improvement was due to inadequate samples but clinically significant improvement was noted. Conclusions Citicoline therapy resulted in a clinically and statistically improvement in refractive amblyopia patients.

scholarly journals Qualitative evaluation of antibiotic usage in pediatric patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Hindra Irawan Satari ◽  
Agus Firmansyah ◽  
Theresia Theresia
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Inappropriate Use

Background Antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed drug for pediatric patients. Inappropriate use of antibiotics can increase morbidity, mortality, patient cost and bacterial antibiotic resistence. Antibiotic uses can be evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively.Objective To qualitatively evaluate antibiotic use in patients using Gyssens algorithm.Methods We performed a descriptive, retrospective study of matient medical records of those admitted to the pediatric ward from January 1 – June 30, 2009. Records were screened for patient antibiotic use, followed by qualitative evaluation using Gyssens algorithm on data from patient who received antibiotic treatment.Results We found 49.2% of subject were prescribed antibiotics. The majority of patients given antibiotics were aged 1 month - 1 year (39.3%). Antibiotic use was categorized by therapy type : empirical, prophylactic, or definitive. We found empirical therapy in 73% of cases, prophylactic in 8%, and definitive in 15%. Cefotaxime was the most common antibiotic used (25.1%), followed by ceftazidime (14%) and cotrimoxazole (1%). 39.6% of subjects were given antibiotics appropriately, while 48.3% were given inappropriately. In 3.3% of patients, antibiotics were given without indication and in 8.8% there was insufficient data.Conclusions Of hospitalized patients receiving antibiotic treatment at the Departement of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, 39.6% were given antibiotic appropriately, while 48.3% were given antibiotics inappropriately. Cefotaxime was the most commonly used, as well as most inappropriately given antibiotic.

Relationship of Scabies With Pioderma: As a Risk Factor

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Yulia Farida Yahya ◽  
Fifa Argentina ◽  
Rusmawardiana Rusmawardiana
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
Scabies Infestation

Scabies is a parasitic infestation of the skin, that is affecting on the low income and crowded community in many tropical countries, especially developing countries such as Indonesia. Scabies infestation increases the incidence of secondary pyoderma include impetigo, folliculitis, cellulitis, ecthyma, abscess. Secondary pyoderma is a skin infection disease mainly caused by     group A Streptococcus (GAS) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA). Pyoderma is a risk factor for the glomerulonephritis infection, rheumatic diseases, which significantly increases morbidity and mortality, causing the government burden. The aim of this study is  determining the etiology and correlation of pyoderma infection in scabies patient. To determine sosio-demographic included sex, age in pediatric patients in primary schools (SD) in the district of Kertapati Palembang. The study design was cross sectional, and study samples were new scabies patients in the elementary school (age 6-14-year-old) with or without pyoderma. Clinical findings included history, physical examination and diagnostic procedure, which was investigation of skin scraping specimen material (SSB = skin surface biopsy) in confirmation with dermoscopic polar examination (DS) to show Sarcoptes scabiei mites. Microbiological examination with Gram stain identified the etiology of pyoderma.  Results of this study shows that there was a significance relationship between scabies infestation and pyoderma in children in elementary school. Staphylococcus aureus dan GAS are the most common caused of pyoderma in pediatric patients with scabies. Conclusion is there is a significant correlation between scabies and pyoderma. There is  a need to provide scabies and pyoderma medication at primary care health center as well as counseling for prevention in Palembang area with crowded population periodically.  

A Clinical Study and Management of Inguino-scrotal Swellings In Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. e000125
Author(s):  
Khyati Vaja ◽  
Mukesh Suvera
Keyword(s):  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Undescended Testis ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Indirect Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Short Term ◽  
One Year ◽  
Groin Hernias ◽  
Inguinal Hernia In Children

Aims and Objectives: To know the most common surgical problems in pediatric patients presented with inguino-scrotal swellings and management done routinely. Methodology: This study was carried out in the department of general surgery, Sharadaben hospital and pediatric surgery of VS hospital, Ahmedabad. The cases were studied for a period of about one year (January, 2017 to Dec, 2017) and all children below 12 years of age, presenting to us with inguinoscrotal swellings were included in this study. The information was analysed in terms of age, diagnosis, procedure carried out and outcome. Results: Amongst the 150 children under the age of 12 years, 143 patients were males and 7 were females. Among these 150, 52 cases were of hydrocoele, 70 cases of hernia (of which 63 were males and 7 were females), 25 cases of undescended testis and 3 cases of epididymo orchitis were documented. All cases underwent simple herniotomy for hernia and hydrocoele, orchidopexy for undescended testis. The length of hospital stay ranged from 2-4 days with mean of 2.46 days. 11 children in the study were documented to have short term complications, all of which were recognised in the hospital and managed with good results. Conclusion: Hernia and Hydrocoele in children are often congenital and diagnosed clinically (history and examination). Indirect inguinal hernia are more common than other groin hernias. Open herniotomy is the operation of choice for inguinal hernia in children.

The Theory and Practice of Free Education in Nigeria: A Philosophical Critique

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Olatunji, M. Olalekan
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Philosophical Critique ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
The Government

This paper attempts to locate the genesis of free education in Nigeria and to trace its development. Besides, a philosophical critique of the theory and practice of free education in the country is also attempted with the facts and fallacies highlighted. The paper is a descriptive study and applies philosophical analysis. In the concluding part, it is suggested among other things that government at all levels in Nigeria should state more clearly their stance on free education,  publicize this, together with  the most important aspects of the policy statements on free education so that the citizenry can know the limit of their expectation from the government.

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