scholarly journals Can AR Technologies Have an Impact on the Definition of Art?

Author(s):  
Yutaka Higashiguchi

 AR seems to be one of the most advanced and near-future technologies that produce new experiences and values that have never been before. However, both AR and art have a common means of engaging the senses. Thus, the problem of where the borderline between AR and art exists should come into question. In order to consider how AR will have an influence on the definition and the significance of art, this study analyses real and fictional elements in AR and art. AR requires the physical field where sensory information mediated by computer is projected. Consequently, viewers perceive the mixed image of real things and those not existing before eyes, that is fiction. Art also needs a real environment where the fictional world is opened. Though art and AR have something in common, there are crucial differences between them. AR technologies include the firm aim of erasing fictional elements that remain as ever in spite of their accurate representation. On the other hand, art attempts to preserve a fictional area within the real world. From the comparison of AR and art, it will come to light that whether there is the frame or not plays an important role in deciding what is art or what is reality. While AR reduces fictionality from a multi-layered scene to enrich a real experience, art cuts fiction from a present scene to idealize the real world. In this way, they constitute a dialectical circle and mediate new reality through fictional images from the reverse direction. Article received: April 5, 2019; Article accepted: July 6, 2019; Published online: October 15, 2019; Review articleHow to cite this article: Higashiguchi, Yutaka. "Can AR Technologies Have an Impact on the Definition of Art?" AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 20 (2019): 97-103. doi: 10.25038/am.v0i20.331

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
Philippe Rochat

Humans can’t help but generalize in ways that are rarely, if ever, dictated by reason and prudence. We jump quickly to confirmatory and reassuring conclusions with a propensity to invent things in reference to worlds that only exist in our minds. Rather than being just games of the imagination, these inventions actually influence, often unbeknownst to us (subliminally), our attitudes and actions in the real world, in particular our discriminatory attitudes and actions toward people. Our innate propensity to chunk, cluster, and categorize things corresponds with our propensity to reproduce patterns of reality that are constructed based on ready-made or default implicit beliefs (i.e., stereotyping). Furthermore, the built-in default assumption that things and people have essential, nonobvious characteristics (definition of essentialism) allows for the immediate experience of favorable or unfavorable feelings toward people or things prior to, or not based on, actual experience (i.e. the definition of prejudice).


Author(s):  
Y. Yongling

Geographical information system (GIS) is one kind of information system that handles spatial data. It is difficult to give one definitive definition about GIS (Heywood, Cornelius, & Carver, 2002; Maguire, Goodchild, & Rhind, 2001). This variety of definitions can be explained by the fact that any definition of GIS will depend on who is giving it, and their background and viewpoint (Pinkles, 2002). The complete definition of GIS is selected here as: “a set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieving at will, transforming, and displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purposes”(Burrough, 1986, p. 6). As an important part of e-government, is that it has functions of cartography, manages spatial data and spatial analysis.


1997 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-84
Author(s):  
Laura Chernaik

This article analyses an anti-essentialist SF novel, focusing on the extent to which anti-foundationalism enables a more accurate as well as a more productive representation of postmodernity. My argument stresses the ways in which Pat Cadigan's novel Synners, mostly because of its remarkable narrative form, challenges some of the most dangerous norms and normativity of American thought and culture. I argue, that, in order to understand this complex novel correctly, we must approach technoscience and transnational capitalism as separate, interacting discourses and material practices. The representations of technoscience, in the novel, are definitely not ‘figures’ for late capitalism: they are representations of a discourse which interacts with capitalism in the fictional world as in the real world. Contrary to what has been suggested by a number of critics writing about Foucault, use of this notion of discourse does not preclude use of notions of agency. As the queer theorists who have drawn on Foucault's work show, agency can be theorized in terms compatible with the notions of discourses, material practices and technologies. My discussion of Synners thus focuses on questions of agency, showing how Cadigan uses a deconstruction of Judeo-Christian religious tropes to argue for a responsible, and knowledgable, ‘incurably informed’ approach to technology.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Bijan Bidabad ◽  
Behrouz Bidabad

This note discusses the existence of "complex probability" in the real world sensible problems. By defining a measure more general than the conventional definition of probability, the transition probability matrix of discrete Markov chain is broken to the periods shorter than a complete step of the transition. In this regard, the complex probability is implied.


enadakultura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinatin Moseshvili

Each author happily writes about himself, about the difficulties encountered in writing, about literature, - we read in Roland Duhamel's book “The Poet in the Mirror: About Metaliterature” (Dichter im Spiegel: Über Metaliteratur) [Duhamel, 2001]. This is also the case with German-speaking Georgian migrant author Givi Margvelashvili. In a 2009 German-language novel, Givi Margvelashvili in his book “The Kantakt, from the Reading-Life Experiences of a City Writer” (“Der Kantakt, Aus den Lese-Lebenserfahrungen eines Stadtschreibers”), in parallel with his account of his life, experiences and work, shows the mystery of literary fiction and invites the reader into a metafictional game. Literary critic Patricia Waugh, who plays a special role in the study of metafiction, believes metafictional texts are those that deliberately refer to themselves as an artificial creation in order to raise questions about the relationship between fiction and reality. According to her concept, metafictional texts are created by an infinite linguistic game with the world, reality, fiction, narrative [Waugh, 1984]. In the present article we will try to review the novel “The Kantakt, from the Reading-Life Experiences of a City Writer” by Givi Margvelashvili, the main motives, elements or narrative techniques, characteristic of the metafictional literature, which show the metafictional nature of The Kantakt.It should be noted from the very beginning that Givi Margvelashvili's novel “The Kantakt, from the Reading-Life Experiences of a City Writer” is based on the artistic reality of the German writer Kurt Tucholsky’s - “Rheinsberg - A Picture Book for Lovers” (“Rheinsberg - Ein Bilderbuch für Verliebte”). The Kantakt is an intertextual game with a pretext. The latter appears in the work as a book in a book, which is one of the most common motifs in metafictional literature. Because Tucholsky’s work is often found in the Kantakt, the readers cannot forget it, therefore they constantly think about it, and even compare the pheno-text with the pretext. Naturally, there are many passages in the Kantakt in which we recognize intertextual metafiction.An important metafictional event in the novel is the transformation of the main character of the work - the first "City Writer" of the German city of Rheinsberg into a "reader" character. From the "real" world of the "City Writer" - from the second layer of the novel to the fictional world of the book - the first layer (the same as his own consciousness), the "transition" into the imaginary world blurs the line between "reality" and fiction. This is where one of the techniques of metafictional literature comes into play - metalepsis.The metafictionality of the novel is evidenced by the characters in the first layer, who are aware of their fictional existence. The aim of the "reader" is for the main characters of Kurt Tucholsky’s work to realize their fictional essence too. Because of this, he leaves a message to Claire and Wolf, which is written on a blank sheet of the same book the characters belong to: “This is your mirror-book. It accurately describes how you live through readers: everything you think, say and do here, you think, say and do in your reading-life” [Margvelashvili, 2009:461). In the work, the characters are presented as reading-creatures, whose lives depend on the reader and their imagination. The function of the characters also becomes a subject of discussion in the novel: "The characters in the book are committed to reflect the lives of real people, to serve people as a kind of reading-mirror" [Margvelashvili, 2009:200], - we read in Margvelashvili's novel.Based on the fragments of the life and memoirs of the "City Writer” scattered within the work, which coincide with the life and memoirs of Givi Margvelashvili, we can argue about the biographical auto-reflexivity in the work, which is also one of the forms of metafiction. It should also be noted that there are signs of autofiction in the Kantakt.In the Kantakt, as in most metafictional texts, the character, the reader, and the author are repeatedly thematized, as well as the act of writing, narrating, and reading. The language games in the novel also have a metafictional meaning. Auto-reflexive phrases and words reveal the fictional world of the book, through which often even a parallel is drawn between the fictional and the real world. Linguistic issues, including phonology, morphology, syntax, etc., are thematized and discussed in the Kantakt as a metafictional novel.Based on these and other examples discussed in the article, we can conclude that Givi Margvelashvili's “The Kantakt, from the Reading-Life Experiences of a City Writer” is a metafictional novel, revealing the fictitiousness of this work as well as other literary texts in general, primarily the pre-text of “Rheinsberg - A Picture Book for Lovers”.


Author(s):  
Filiz Erdoğan Tuğran ◽  
Aytaç Hakan Tuğran

This chapter describes how technology, progressing rapidly, and especially computer technology has become an indispensable detail in daily life. The act of playing games starting to become virtual has emerged as a progress. In these early years, when the line between place and space has started to become thinner and people began to recognize the lines of flight between the real world and the virtual world, the movie “Tron” made an attempt to explain this possibility of transitivity. 28 years after the first movie, the sequel “Tron Legacy” emphasizes that this possibility still exists. The individual, in this sea of possibilities, comes and goes between place and space and becomes distant to their temporal context, digitalized and goes through deterritorialization. The narrative of the fictional world, the game world in this fictional world, the real world and the game field in the real world will be discussed in terms of transmedia, and some assumptions will be put forward through people and therefore, the deterritorialization of the media.


Author(s):  
Matteo Casu ◽  
Luca Albergante

The notion of identity has been discussed extensively in the past. Leibniz was the first to present this notion in a logically coherent way, using a formulation generally recognized as “Leibniz's Law”. Although some authors criticized this formulation, Leibniz's Law is generally accepted as the definition of identity. This work interprets Leibniz's Law as a limit notion: perfectly reasonable in a <i>God's eye</i> view of reality, but very difficult to use in the real world because of the limitedness of finite agents. To illustrate our approach we use “description logics” to describe the properties of objects, and present an approach to relativize Leibniz's Law. This relativization is further developed in a semantic web context, where the utility of our approach is suggested.


2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 172988141666678
Author(s):  
Dingsheng Luo ◽  
Yaoxiang Ding ◽  
Xiaoqiang Han ◽  
Yang Ma ◽  
Yian Deng ◽  
...  

Nowadays, humanoids are increasingly expected acting in the real world to complete some high-level tasks humanly and intelligently. However, this is a hard issue due to that the real world is always extremely complicated and full of miscellaneous variations. As a consequence, for a real-world-acting robot, precisely perceiving the environmental changes might be an essential premise. Unlike human being, humanoid robot usually turns out to be with much less sensors to get enough information from the real world, which further leads the environmental perception problem to be more challenging. Although it can be tackled by establishing direct sensory mappings or adopting probabilistic filtering methods, the nonlinearity and uncertainty caused by both the complexity of the environment and the high degree of freedom of the robots will result in tough modeling difficulties. In our study, with the Gaussian process regression framework, an alternative learning approach to address such a modeling problem is proposed and discussed. Meanwhile, to debase the influence derived from limited sensors, the idea of fusing multiple sensory information is also involved. To evaluate the effectiveness, with two representative environment changing tasks, that is, suffering unknown external pushing and suddenly encountering sloped terrains, the proposed approach is applied to a humanoid, which is only equipped with a three-axis gyroscope and a three-axis accelerometer. Experimental results reveal that the proposed Gaussian process regression-based approach is effective in coping with the nonlinearity and uncertainty of the humanoid environmental perception problem. Further, a humanoid balancing controller is developed, which takes the output of the Gaussian process regression-based environmental perception as the seed to activate the corresponding balancing strategy. Both simulated and hardware experiments consistently show that our approach is valuable and leads to a good base for achieving a successful balancing controller for humanoid.


2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reva Brown ◽  
Sean McCartney

All too often discussion of Capability proceeds as if it is clear what ‘Capability’ is: and that all that is required is the ascertaining of means for developing it. This paper seeks to explore the meanings of Capability. It provides two broad meanings, and discusses the paradoxes inherent in the application of these to the real world of management and business. On the one hand, Capability is defined as Potential, what the individual could achieve. Potential is an endowment, which is realised by the acquisition of skills and knowledge, i.e. the acquisition of Content. On the other hand, Capability is defined as Content: what the individual can (or has learned to) do. This Content has been acquired by, or input into, the individual, who then has the Potential to develop further. So there are different routes to Capability, depending on the definition of Capability one chooses. All of this impinges on the development of Capability. This leads us on to a consideration of whether the ‘Development of Capability’ is a meaningful concept.


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