scholarly journals URGENSI HUKUM ADAT DALAM PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PIDANA NASIONAL

FIAT JUSTISIA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmat Hi. Abdullah

Recognition of the existence of legal values and sense of justice that life is constitutionally recognized as the author explained earlier. One of the key concepts that evolved form of legal recognition or live in the community is the adoption of the system of sanctions in customary law (customary criminal) in the national legal system. Recognition and protection of sanction customary law becomes an important thing in the life of indigenous peoples, for the customary sanctions, then it can be constructed or create a balance and social harmony, interests between the human race and the individual, between the alliance (group) and wider society that is the basis from the minds of traditional Indonesian nation. Recognition of the importance of values in society as customary law (customary criminal) in the renewal of the national criminal law as the national law reform agenda is a necessity and demand to the fulfillment of social justice in accordance ideals of the Indonesian nation.Keywords: Customary, Existence, Criminal Law Reform

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Galuh Faradhilah Yuni Astuti

Penelitian ini mengkaji dua persoalan pokok. Pertama, relevansi Hukum Pidana Adat sebagai kontribusi dalam pembaharuan Hukum Pidana di Indoneisa. Kedua, penerapan hukum dalam penyelesaian tindak pidana berdasarkan Hukum Pidana Adat di Suku Tengger. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi Hukum Pidana Adat, berupa penyelesaian perkara di luar pengadilan atau mediasi penal yang dilakukan masyarakat atau masyarakat adat secara turun temurun, sudah relevan dengan pembaharuan Hukum Pidana di Indonesia. Praktik semacam ini selaras dengan nilai dan cita-cita Bangsa Indonesia, sesuai dengan sila keempat Pancasila sebagai dasar negara. Selain itu selaras dengan ide keseimbangan Hukum Pidana, teori sifat melawan hukum, pemenuhan kewajiban adat serta perluasan asas legalitas. Masyarakat Adat Suku Tengger menggunakan mediasi penal sebagai alternatif pertama dalam menyelesaikan perselisihan atau tindak  pidana yang terjadi pada daerah mereka, kemudian menyerahkan kepada pihak yang berwajib ketika mediasi penal tidak mencapai kesepakatan yang adil. <br /><br /><br /><em>This study examines two key issues. First, the relevance of Criminal Customary Law as a contribution to the renewal of Criminal Law at Indoneisa. Second, application of the law in the resolution of a criminal offense under the Criminal Customary Law in Tengger tribe. These results indicate that the contribution of Criminal Customary Law, in the form of settling disputes out of court or penal mediation conducted community or indigenous peoples from generation to generation, it is relevant to the Criminal Law reform in Indonesia. Such practices are aligned with the values and ideals of the Indonesian nation, according to the fourth principle of Pancasila as the state. Moreover tune with the idea of the balance of the Criminal Law, the theory of nature against the law, customary obligations fulfillment and expansion of the principle of legality. Indigenous Peoples Tengger tribe using penal mediation as the first alternative in resolving disputes or criminal acts that occur in their area, and then handed over to the authorities when the penal mediation does not reach a fair deal.</em>


Author(s):  
Wayan Resmini ◽  
Abdul Sakban

Pengadilan, oleh masyarakat tidak lagi dilihat sebagai lembaga penyelesaiain sengketa satu-satunya. Saat ini keberadaan lembaga pengadilan sudah terindikasi dengan berbagai kasus korupsi, kolusi, dan nepotisme, yang lebih dikenal dengan istilah KKN. Hal ini mengingat banyak produk keputusan pengadilan yang menyimpang dari asas-asas keadilan, cepat dan berbiaya murah. Dalam konteks inilah diperlukan model alternative penyelesaian sengketa pada masyararakat hukum adat yang lebih efisien, adil serta akomodatif guna menjaga kelesterian dan keberlanjutan kehidupan masyarakat hukum adat, yang lebih manusiawi dan berkeadilan. Tradisi penyelesaian sengketa pada masyarakat hukum adat didasarkan pada nilai filosofi kebersamaan (komunal), pengorbanan, nilai supernatural, dan keadilan. Dalam masyarakat hukum adat kepentingan bersama merupakan filosofi hidup yang meresap pada setiap anggota masyarakat adat. Pelaksanaan hasil mediasi yang sudah disakralkan dihadapan tokoh adat, apalagi sudah dilakukan dengan suatu upacara adat (ritual), maka kesepakatan tersebut harus dilaksanakan dengan segera, bila salah satu pihak mengingkari atau tidak bersedia melaksanakan hasil mediasi, maka pihak tersebut akan mendapatkan sanksi adat dari masyarakat hukum adat. Sanksi adat diberikan atas pertimbangan, bahwa pengingkaran kesepakatan damai merupakan bentuk pengingkaran terhadap nilai dan rasa keadilan masyarakat hukum adat. Penjatuhan sanksi adat dijatuhkan oleh tokoh adat yang bertindak sebagai penjaga nilai keadilan dan warisan leluhur dalam masyarakat hukum adat.The court, by the community is no longer seen as the only dispute resolution agency. At present the existence of a court institution has been indicated by various cases of corruption, collusion and nepotism, which are better known as KKN. This is because there are many products of court decisions that deviate from the principles of justice, fast and low cost. In this context an alternative model of dispute resolution is needed in the customary law community that is more efficient, fair and accommodative in order to maintain the sustainability and sustainability of the life of indigenous peoples, who are more humane and just. The tradition of dispute resolution in indigenous peoples is based on the values of communal philosophy, sacrifice, supernatural values, and justice. In indigenous peoples the common interest is a life philosophy that permeates every member of the indigenous community. The implementation of the mediation results that have been sacred before traditional leaders, moreover has been done with a traditional ceremony (ritual), then the agreement must be carried out immediately, if one party denies or is unwilling to carry out the mediation results, the party will get customary sanctions from the community customary law. Customary sanctions are given for consideration, that the denial of a peace agreement is a form of denial of the values and sense of justice of indigenous peoples. The imposition of customary sanctions is imposed by traditional leaders who act as guardians of the value of justice and ancestral heritage in indigenous and tribal peoples. 


Author(s):  
Olga Nikolaevna Naumenko ◽  
Valerii Terent'evich Galkin ◽  
Tat'yana Vladimirovna Tkacheva

The subject of this research is the traditional representations of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North that reflect the system of punishments and protection of their infringed rights when they commit a crime in a community living by the traditional culture. The article employs the following sources: codes of customary law created in Russia in the XIX century, as well as ethnographic data that include field materials collected by the authors in 2019 &ndash; 2020, and published sources that reflect the norms of customary law of the indigenous peoples of the North in the XIX &ndash; early XX centuries. The goal of this work consists in revealing the peculiarities of traditional views of the indigenous peoples of the North in the sphere of criminal law relations and protection of the infringed rights. The scientific novelty consists in two aspects: 1) consideration of the so-called &ldquo;witchcraft component&rdquo; in analyzing the norms of customary law; 2) use of the General System Theory of L. von Bertalanffy as methodology (synergetic approach). This approach is not usually used for cross-disciplinary historical and legal research; however, allows us understanding the mechanism of transformation of legal norms of the indigenous peoples of the North in the conditions of influence of Russian legislation. The point of bifurcation is the turning periods, when the content of legal views is being changed irrevocably, and the new version is accepted as traditional and consolidated in the customary law. In conclusion, the authors note that in the XIX &ndash; early XX centuries, the criminal law representations and mechanism of protection of rights in the traditional culture of the indigenous peoples of the North implied communication with &nbsp;the spirits and hope for their justice in punishing the criminals. Certain norms of the Russian legislation that are similar to representations of the indigenous peoples of the North, infiltrated into the traditional culture, adapting to the customs; but overall, the criminal legislation of the Russian Empire collided with the views of the aborigines, which entailed the creation of the codes of customary law that were implemented in the judicial practice.


2010 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Lavery

As the Law Commission welcomes suggestions for the 11th Programme of Law Reform, this article argues that the criminal law is an ideal candidate for reform and explores the potential for the implementation of a criminal code in England and Wales. While numerous obstacles exist to impede codification efforts, namely institutional and professional hostility, claims that a criminal code's theoretical foundations are incompatible with England's common law sympathies, and the current trend towards stop-gap legislation, the author nevertheless argues that a criminal code is necessary in order to rectify the substantial lacunae in the fundamental relationship between the individual and the state. The article sets out the case for a criminal code and examines reasons of failed attempts at codification, which was once at the forefront of the Law Commission's reform agenda. Endeavours such as Bentham's Utilitarianism, Macaulay's efforts in India and the 19th century Law Commissioners are scrutinised in an attempt to divine the likelihood of codification and conditions for success. German criminal law is endorsed as a source of inspiration in the search for a coherent and efficient code and the author submits that with the support of the judiciary, Parliament, government and legal scholarship, criminal codification is attainable.


Author(s):  
M. Noor Fajar Al Arif Fitriana ◽  
I Nyoman Nurjaya ◽  
Abdul Madjid ◽  
Nurini Aprilianda

Settlement of cases using positive law is felt to spend a lot of energy and a long time, this would turn around if the settlement using customary law, especially Baduy customary law which is simpler but does not reduce the sense of justice for the litigants from the statement raises the question of how the settlement of the case based on the Baduy system of law. This study uses a social antro legal approach with qualitative analysis.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Warih Anjari

Korupsi musuh bersama yang harus diberantas sampai dengan akarnya. Putusan MK No. 003/PUU-IV/2006 dan No. 025/PUU-XIV/2016 mempengaruhi pemberantasan korupsi, karena dengan kedua putusan tersebut tindak pidana korupsi sulit dibuktikan. Terjadi perbedaan penerapan asas legalitas berdasarkan putusan mahkamah konstitusi dan yurisprudensi. Putusan mahkamah konstitusi menerapkan asas legalitas formil sedangkan yurisprudensi mengembangkan asas legalitas materiil. Legalitas formil mencegah perlakuan kesewenang-wenangan penguasa, sedangkan legalitas materiil mengakomodir hukum tidak tertulis yang tumbuh dan berkembang dari bangsa Indonesia sendiri. Putusan mahkamah konstitusi berperan sebagai pengontrol penerapan hukum kebiasaan sebagai dasar pemidanaan. Rumusan masalah dalam tulisan ini adalah: pertama, bagaimanakah kedudukan asas legalitas pasca putusan MK Nomor 003/PUU-IV/2006 dan Nomor 025/PUU-XIV/2016? Kedua, bagaimanakah model asas legalitas yang dapat mengakomodir pemidanaan berdasarkan hukum kebiasaan? Metode penelitiannya menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Kesimpulannya adalah: putusan MK Nomor 003/PUU-IV/2006 dan Nomor 025/PUU-XIV/2016 memperkuat kedudukan asas legalitas secara formal, sedangkan perkembangan yurisprudensi mengarah pada penerapan asas legalitas materiil. Model asas legalitas untuk hukum pidana materiil Indonesia adalah asas legalitas formil-materiil. Penerapan legalitas materiil dengan syarat, yaitu: 1. Bersifat kasuistis; 2. Berlaku untuk orang tertentu; 3. Secara substansi masih diakui oleh masyarakat adat dengan ditunjukkan adanya masyarakat dan lembaga adat; 4. Hakim harus bersifat hati-hati karena tujuannya mencapai keadilan substantif; 5. Pengadilan negara bersifat ultimum remidium.Corruption of common enemies that must be eradicated up to their roots. MK decisions No.003/PUU-IV/2006 and No.025/PUU-XIV/2016 affect the eradication of corruption, because with these two decisions corruption is difficult to prove. There has been a difference in the application of the legality principle based on the decision of the constitutional court and jurisprudence. The constitutional court ruling applies the principle of formal legality while jurisprudence develops the principle of material legality. Formal legality prevents treatment of arbitrariness of rulers, while material legality accommodates unwritten law that grows and develops from the Indonesian nation itself. The constitutional court verdict acts as the controller of the application of customary law as a basis for punishment. The formulation of the problem in this paper is: first, what is the position of the legality principle after the Constitutional Court decision Number 003/PUU-IV/2006 and Number 025/PUU-XIV/2016? Second, what is the model of the legality principle that can accommodate punishment based on customary law? The research method uses normative juridical research methods. The conclusion is: MK’s decision Number 003/PUU-IV/2006 and Number 025/PUU-XIV/2016 strengthen the position of the principle of legality formally, while the development of jurisprudence leads to the application of principles of material legality. The legality model for Indonesian material criminal law is the principle of formal-material legality. Application of material legality with conditions, namely: 1. Caseistic; 2. Valid for certain people; 3. Substantially still recognized by indigenous peoples as indicated by the existence of indigenous peoples and institutions; 4. Judges must be careful because the objective is to achieve substantive justice; 5. The state court is ultimum remidium


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
I Wayan Suardana ◽  
I Made Walesa Putra

<p><em>Reform of the National Criminal Law is absolutely necessary with political, practical and sociological considerations. The amend of Criminal Code also include adjustments of the punishment aims, which leads to restorative justice. Likewise the sanctions for criminal offense in adat law, the punishment is less than optimal if only imposed the freedom deprivation to the perpetrator's, it is necessary to make efforts in restoring the situation (balance).</em></p><p><em>This type of research is normative research, by analyzing norms and legislation related to the aim of punishment in customary offenses.</em><em> </em><em>The results of the research that is the aim of customary sentencing is not specifically regulated in positive law, but customary criminal law have the power to apply, based: Article 18 B paragraph (2) of The 1945 State Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Emergency Law No. 1 of 1951 on Temporary Measure in Organizing the Unity of the powers and procedure of Civil Courts, Law No. 48 of 2009 on Judicial Power, Law No.39 of 1999 on Human Rights, and the Supreme Court Decisions, among others: (1) Decision No. 1644K / Pid / 1988 dated May 15, 1991; (2) Decision No. 984 K / Pid / 1996 dated January 30, 1996. </em></p><p><em>In the positive law, there is a reflection of restorative justice as a concept that developed in modern criminal law in line with the purpose of sentencing the customary offenses. The aim of sentencing as ius constituendum is formulated in Article 55 paragraph (1) of the 2017 Criminal Code Concept which includes resolving conflicts that arise, restoring balance, and bringing sense of peace and secure in the community, which is in line with customary criminal sanctions because of the visible values of customary law; resolve conflicts, restore balance, and bring a sense of peace in society.</em></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Analysis, Purpose of Sentencing, Criminal Law Reform, Customary Criminal Act</p>


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Ali Kusumo

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>            Criminal law enforcement in Indonesia may lack of the justice sense and furthermore highlight the rule of law, this is due to the influence of the philosophy of positivism developed in Europe mainland which has liberal-individualist ideology. This ideology wants everything to be rational and certainty, including legal issues must be no certainty. The purpose of this matter is to protect the rights of individuals. While the Indonesian society is a society that does not highlight the rights of individuals, but respects the balance between individual rights and collective rights. Thus, our criminal law enforcement is still sourced from Indonesian Penal Code which is a replica of the Wetboek Van Strafrech (WVS) created by the Dutch colonialists Government will not materialize justice. It is necessary to face these issues with two steps as the following i.e, <em>first one</em>: the law enforcement agencies in using the law needs a more progressive interpretation, therefore a sense of justice can be realized. Second one, it needs to be realized in accordance with the criminal law reform ideology of kinship based on the values of Pancasila as an ideology of the Indonesia. Such measures are expected to materialize justice in the criminal law enforcement of Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Criminal Law, Law Enforcement, Justice.</p>


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Luis Gargallo Vaamonde

During the Restoration and the Second Republic, up until the outbreak of the Civil War, the prison system that was developed in Spain had a markedly liberal character. This system had begun to acquire robustness and institutional credibility from the first dec- ade of the 20th Century onwards, reaching a peak in the early years of the government of the Second Republic. This process resulted in the establishment of a penitentiary sys- tem based on the widespread and predominant values of liberalism. That liberal belief system espoused the defence of social harmony, property and the individual, and penal practices were constructed on the basis of those principles. Subsequently, the Civil War and the accompanying militarist culture altered the prison system, transforming it into an instrument at the service of the conflict, thereby wiping out the liberal agenda that had been nurtured since the mid-19th Century.


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