More on Non-White Poverty and Economic Growth

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A Hoover ◽  
Sondra R Collins ◽  
Mehmet E. Yaya
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regressions ◽  
White Poverty ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic

We use Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR), to explore the impact of three different measures of economic activity -- growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment, and manufacturing employment -- on poverty among whites, blacks and Hispanics in the United States. This analysis is unique in that we further disaggregate the data, by looking at the impact of growth across racial/ethnic groups in four census regions. We find that the impacts of the various measures of economic activity vary greatly by the group and the region. In particular, Hispanic poverty tends to be strongly related to changes in the unemployment rate, while white poverty tends to be strongly related to changes in manufacturing.

Invisible Hand or Ecological Footprint? Comparing Social Versus Environmental Impacts of Recent Economic Growth

2019 ◽  
pp. 108602661988511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Mikkelson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Key Indicators

This study examines changes in some key indicators among 66 countries on six continents over a 56-year period, to compare the power of economic growth to improve human health and income distribution with its tendency to degrade the natural environment. The results indicate that growth depletes and pollutes nature far more than it benefits society. This suggests that public policy should shift toward enhancement of individual and social well-being in ways more direct and effective, and less ecologically damaging, than reliance on overall growth in gross domestic product. I illustrate this implication with a degrowth scenario for the United States to 2050 that draws on the empirical results for the period 1961 to 2016. And I consider certain reforms in the management and governance of organizations to implement such a scenario.

Racism: A Public Health Crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-515
Author(s):  
Katie L. Acosta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Systemic Racism ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Bear Witness

The impact of COVID–19 on racially minoritized communities in the United States has forced us all to look square in the face of the systemic racism that is embedded in every fabric of our society. As the number of infected people continues to rise, the racial disparities are glaringly obvious. Black and Latinx communities have been hit considerably harder by this pandemic. Both racial/ethnic groups have seen rates of infection well above their percentage in the general population and African Americans have seen rates of death from COVID–19 as high as twice their percentage in the general population. These numbers bear witness to the high cost of racism in the United States.

Section II. Prospects for North America and Japan

1998 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Nigel Pain
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equity Prices ◽  
The Past

Economic activity accelerated sharply in the United States at the beginning of this year. GDP rose by 1¼ per cent in the first quarter, to a level 3.8 per cent higher than a year earlier. This was the fastest quarterly growth for two years. The acceleration in growth was unexpected given that the present cyclical expansion has now lasted for over seven years. Private sector demand is still continuing to be supported by the sustained appreciation in equity prices over the past three years, and the appreciation of the dollar has helped to hold down the inflationary pressures that are being built up as the labour market begins to tighten. The unemployment rate fell to 4.3 per cent in April, the lowest rate since 1970.

Observations on the Structure of World Trade and Payments

1956 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-559
Author(s):  
Herbert B. Woolley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
American People ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Systematic Understanding ◽  
The Impact

EVENTS intimately linked to our foreign relations have profoundly affected the level of economic activity in the United States and the character of our economic progress and stability. They cannot be disregarded by those concerned with the level of economic activity in this country. Furthermore, those concerned with the economic policies of the United States must also be concerned with the impact of those policies upon the rest of the world because of the great importance of the United States in the world economy, and because of the link between economic, political, and military events at home and abroad. Since the United States cannot ignore the far-reaching and indirect effect of its policies and decisions, the American people and their government require a detailed and systematic understanding of the economic interrelationships among all countries of the world. Even more, to exercise the international leadership which our great size and resources impose upon us, we must be in a position to assess the effect of developments and actions everywhere upon the political and economic strength of the free world. This article considers a few of the salient features of world economic relations which should always be kept in mind in assessing economic policy alternatives.

scholarly journals Impact of institutional factors on economic growth in the United States in the years 1979–2007

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Kuder
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Proportional Increase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

The purpose of this article is to isolate and determine the importance of institutional arrangements in shaping the dynamics of the U.S. GDP in the years 1979–2007. The research hypothesis which has been verified here can be summarized as follows: institutions in the U.S. economy have a positive influence on economic growth through a significant impact on improving the business environment. Having regard to the division of the economy into institutional areas: economic system, labor market, financial market, education and R&D, the author selected these institutional factors which indicated that the operation could be important for the process of economic growth in the United States, and then measured the impact in the years 1979–2007. To verify the thesis about the impact of institutions on economic growth the author used one of the most popular tools in this kind of econometric research – the multiple regression analysis. The analysis revealed that during the period of all the analyzed institutional factors it was the proportion of the working population and the degree of unionization that most strongly influenced the economic growth of the United States – an increase in one of these factors was associated with a much more than proportional increase in the rate of the economic growth.

scholarly journals An Economic Analysis of the Greenhouse, Nursery, and Sod Sector in the United States

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund M. Tavernier ◽  
Robin G. Brumfield
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

The greenhouse, nursery, and sod (GNS) sector in the United States accounted for $10 billion in gross sales or 5% of gross farm receipts, in 1998. Despite its significant economic contributions, the sector receives little attention from policymakers. Part of the problem lies in the absence of empirical economic analysis that addresses the impact of the sector on the U.S. economy. The absence of such analysis places the sector at a disadvantage when agricultural policies are designed to address agricultural imbalances, such as farm income problems, and hinders the ability of the sector to lobby for policies favorable to GNS producers. This study provides estimates of the economic impacts of the GNS sector on the U.S. economy and quantifies the linkages between the GNS sector and other economic sectors. The results show that the sector contributed over $26 billion and $17 billion in output and value added economic activity, respectively, and over 438,000 jobs.

scholarly journals Measurements of Economic Growth and Development of Various Sized Central Place Areas in Pennsylvania, 1960-70

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 336-347
Author(s):  
R. Gar Forsht ◽  
J. Dean Jansma
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

There has been increasing concern over the past decade about the lack of economic activity in a number of major cities, many intermediate and small sized cities, and a significant number of rural areas within various regions of the United States. This concern about the depressed conditions in these urban and rural areas, relative to the nation, has attracted country-wide attention.

The Cost of the First World War to the United States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Tannas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Indirect Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First World

In this paper, a calculation of cost of the First World War to the United States is performed with the aim of evaluating the impact of the War on the American economy. The method used to make this calculation is based on the work of economic historians Claudia Goldin and Frank Lewis, who studied the cost of the American Civil War. This method involves the calculation first of the “direct cost” of the war, which represents the value of economic losses made up of war expenditures, casualties and the opportunity cost of drafted soldiers. The “indirect cost” of the War is also calculated to measure the impact of the War on American economic growth by projecting economic growth in a hypothetical world where the First World War did not occur and comparing it to the economic growth actually experienced in the United States. This calculation is meant to capture any positive effects that the War may have had. For the calculations, data was drawn from a number of primary sources including censuses and government documents. The results of both of these calculations show that the First World War had a negative impact on American growth and represented a massive drain of economic resources. In particular, the indirect cost calculation shows that American growth slowed considerably in the decade following the War. This result is significant as it contradicts the common view of the postwar period prior to the Great Depression as being one of great prosperity in the United States.

2013 Spillover Report - Analytical Underpinnings and Other Background

Policy Papers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (60) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
European Policy ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

High uncertainty in general, and high policy uncertainty more specifically, can have important impact on global investment and output growth. Much of the recent policy uncertainty emanated from the United States and Europe—the world’s two largest economies. Spillovers from policy uncertainty can occur through several channels. Trade can be affected if increased policy uncertainty adversely affects economic activity and import demand in the United States and Europe. Policy uncertainty could also raise global risk aversion, resulting in sharp corrections in financial markets and capital outflows from emerging markets. This background note attempts to quantify the impact of U.S. and European policy uncertainty on other regions. Specifically, it addresses the following questions: What do we mean by policy uncertainty? How well can we measure it? How has policy uncertainty in the United States and Europe evolved during the past several decades? And how large are the spillovers to economic activity in other regions? The analysis suggests that sharp increases in U.S. and European policy uncertainty in the past have temporarily lowered investment and output in other regions to varying degrees. It also suggests that a marked decrease in policy uncertainty in the United States and Europe in the near term could help boost global investment and output.

scholarly journals Policy Uncertainty, Trade, and Welfare: Theory and Evidence for China and the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 2731-2783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Handley ◽  
Nuno Limão
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
The Us ◽  
Trade Prices ◽  
Trade War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Welfare Theory

We examine the impact of policy uncertainty on trade, prices, and real income through firm entry investments in general equilibrium. We estimate and quantify the impact of trade policy on China's export boom to the United States following its 2001 WTO accession. We find the accession reduced the US threat of a trade war, which can account for over one-third of that export growth in the period 2000– 2005. Reduced policy uncertainty lowered US prices and increased its consumers' income by the equivalent of a 13-percentage-point permanent tariff decrease. These findings provide evidence of large effects of policy uncertainty on economic activity and the importance of agreements for reducing it. (JEL D72, F13, F14, O19, P33)

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