scholarly journals Politique Africaine de la France: arrêtons le massacre

Refuge ◽  
1994 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
François-Xavier Verschave
Keyword(s):  
International Community ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
African Continent ◽  
French Population ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The Past ◽  
Democratic Control ◽  
The Military ◽  
And Training

The Rwandese genocide dramatically reveals the senseless nature of French policy in Africa-determined by personal relationships, speculation, and corruption. As the "reserved domain" of the French President for the past 35 years, French policy on the African continent has been dominated by personal relationships between the French President and his African counterparts, the military lobby, the francophone lobby (Fachoda Syndrome), and some French enterprises (EL Bouygues, Bolloré), all of which have escaped from an democratic control. Hence in Rwanda, France armed, financed, and trained a regime that exhibited Nazi-like features with its guard presidential, militia, hatred ropaganda (Radio Mille Collines), pogroms throughout 1992, and finally the genocide of April 1994. Since the coming into power of the Rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF)-perceived as pro-Anglo- Saxon because of its link with Uganda-France has multiplied its efforts to fill the (pro-French) vacuum left in the region, by calling upon the Zairean dictator Mobutu to "stabilize" the region, and by selling the usual military "package" (arms and training) to the Sudanese regime. [The author is calling upon] the French population and the international community to mobilize against the present French policy in Africa, and identifies three French organizations that are currently lobbying for a human, pro-democratic and non-secretive French policy in Africa.

scholarly journals Comparing and Contrasting Knowledge on Mules and Hinnies as a Tool to Comprehend Their Behavior and Improve Their Welfare

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy McLean ◽  
Angela Varnum ◽  
Ahmed Ali ◽  
Camie Heleski ◽  
Francisco Javier Navas González
Keyword(s):  
Learning Theory ◽  
Equus Caballus ◽  
Brick Kiln ◽  
Natural Behavior ◽  
The Past ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
Equus Asinus ◽  
The Military ◽  
And Training ◽  
The U.S

Mules and hinnies are the hybrids between donkeys (Equus asinus) and horses (Equus caballus). For centuries, mankind has used them for agrarian purposes, the military, or recreation. Contrasting literature with behavioral observations, we seek a better behavioral understanding andthus comprehensive solutions for their welfare enhancement. Over the past 6 years, we have assessed physical and behavioral welfare in over 900 mules by surveying owners from Egypt, Peru, Portugal, Spain, Mexico, and the U.S. These mules participated in shows, brick kiln work, cart-pulling, packing, tourism, and cattle herding. Observations are discussed alongside facts from the literature. Unfortunately, their behavior has been misunderstood by many, and harsh treatment and equipment has been used to control them. Few studies have attempted to define or use learning theory to understand how and why mules and hinnies behave as they do. Hence, understanding their health considerations, natural behavior, and training theory is crucial for those who work with them.Solutions to welfare improvement partially lie in an individual’s ability to handle mules and hinnies from birth, and to proceed slowly through training. Conclusively, this review sets forth a clearer understanding of these hybrids’ behaviors and promotes positive handling, allowing their access to more routine healthcare and ultimately, a higher welfare standard.

The History of Simulation and Its Impact on the Future

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Aebersold
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nursing Health ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training ◽  
Varied History

Simulation has had a long and varied history in many different fields, including aviation and the military. A look into the past to briefly touch on some of the major historical aspects of simulation in aviation, military, and health care will give readers a broader understanding of simulation’s historical roots and the relationship to patient safety. This review may also help predict what the future may hold for simulation in nursing. Health care, like aviation, is driven by safety, more specifically patient safety. As the link between simulation and patient safety becomes increasingly apparent, simulation will be adopted as the education and training method of choice for such critical behaviors as communication and teamwork skills.

scholarly journals Decolonizing the British Army: a preliminary response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony King
Keyword(s):  
Public Institutions ◽  
Young Age ◽  
British Army ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Military ◽  
And Training ◽  
Minority Ethnic ◽  
Minority Integration

Abstract Following the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis on 25 May 2020, anti-racist protests occurred across America and Europe. As a result, public institutions in the UK have begun to re-examine their cultures and practices to ensure not only that they are non-discriminatory, but also that they are actively anti-racist. The Army will not be immune to this process. Indeed, senior commanders including the Chief of the Defence Staff have already embraced the ‘decolonizing’ programme. Since 2000, the Army has incorporated significant numbers of Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) soldiers; just over 10 per cent of the Army is now BAME. This article examines the integration of minority soldiers over the last two decades in order to assess the prospects of ‘decolonization’ in the Army today. Despite the apparent success of the Army's integration policy, this article identifies three obstacles which still obstruct minority integration and are likely to impede decolonization. Firstly, the majority of the Army's BAME soldiers are not British citizens, but foreign and Commonwealth nationals. Secondly, the young age of the majority of British soldiers generates interactional dynamics in barracks and training which often accidentally excludes foreign minority soldiers. Thirdly, the military ideal of the British Army remains understandably Anglo-Saxon. This article considers the tensions inherent in the Army's multicultural project and lays out suggestions about how they might be overcome to pursue a de-colonizing agenda.

scholarly journals The Failure of the International Community to Apply R2P and Atrocity Prevention in Myanmar

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Martin Mennecke ◽  
Ellen E. Stensrud
Keyword(s):  
International Community ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Cycle Of Violence ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Past ◽  
Atrocity Crimes ◽  
The Military

Abstract The case of Myanmar has become one of the most glaring examples for the failure of the international community to realise the promise made with the adoption of the responsibility to protect (R2P) norm in 2005: ‘Never again’ has turned into again and again. A mix of unwillingness and inability to prevent atrocity crimes has in Myanmar over the past ten years led to several instances of atrocity crimes and genocidal violence against the Rohingya. Most recently, the military coup of February 2021 has showcased that the notion of an international community exercising a responsibility to protect the population of Myanmar against crimes against humanity and other atrocity crimes dissembles into a few states openly shielding the perpetrators, a few condemning and countering the newest cycle of violence, and many silent bystanders to the ongoing atrocities. This article discusses the role of the R2P norm in the case of Myanmar and introduces the different contributions that comprise the special issue on Myanmar and the failure of R2P.

scholarly journals The shift to tertiary technical and vocational education and training and the demise of South Africa’s former ‘technikon’ system

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
André Kraak
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
South African ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technical And Vocational Education ◽  
Path Dependent ◽  
And Training

Post-school systems of education and training have changed dramatically across the globe, including in South Africa, over the past two decades. It is ironic, however, that as many countries chose to renew and grow ‘polytechnic-type’ post-school education and training subsystems, South Africa (together with other countries from the Anglo-Saxon world) chose to reduce their role, largely through institutional mergers and processes of academic drift. Much of this difference in approach is path-dependent, shaped by the specific histories of capitalist evolution in each country. However, it also has to do with the faulty policy logic which has guided these changes over the past two decades. This article investigates the rise in significance of tertiary technical and vocational education and training (TVET) through brief case studies of two countries in Central and Northern Europe where the polytechnic sector has been expanded, not reduced. The discussion then shifts to South Africa, where graduation outcomes (in percentage terms) in the universities of technology have remained flat for more than two decades. The shift from secondary to tertiary TVET requires a significant expansion of enrolments and graduations in key applied technology fields, not the stasis we are seeing in South African universities of technology.

scholarly journals The 13th International Conference on Advances in Quantitative Laryngology, Voice and Speech Research (June 2–4, 2019, Montreal, Quebec, Canada)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 2665
Author(s):  
Mongeau
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
International Community ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
International Conference ◽  
The Past ◽  
Voice Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Speech Research ◽  
And Training ◽  
Voice And Speech

The 13th International Conference on Advances in Quantitative Laryngology, Voice and Speech Research (AQL 2019; http://aql2019.conference.mcgill.ca/index.html) will be held in Montreal, Canada, 3–4 June 2019. Pre-conference workshops will be held on 2 June 2019. The conference and workshops provide a unique opportunity for partnership and collaboration in the advancement of quantitative methods for the measurement and modelling of voice and speech. The AQL accomplishes this mandate by facilitating an interprofessional scientific conference and training intended for an international community of otolaryngologists, speech–language pathologists and voice scientists. With a continued drive toward advancements in translational and clinical voice science, the AQL has rapidly expanded over the past 20 years, from a forum of 15 European member laboratories to a globally recognized symposium, connecting over 100 delegates from across the world.

Training Effectiveness and Return on Investment

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 2005-2008
Author(s):  
Jason D. Moss ◽  
Jay A. Brimstin ◽  
Roberto Champney ◽  
Arwen H. DeCostanza ◽  
J. D. Fletcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Training Effectiveness ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Technology Platform ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
The Military ◽  
And Training

In today’s research and development, and training communities, return on investment (ROI) and training effectiveness (TE) are critical factors that need to be considered up-front, during, and post deployment of a training technology/platform or program. In the past, TE may have been viewed as a construct separate to ROI; however, today, viewing TE in the same sentence as ROI has been accentuated. Panelists will discuss current and/or past experiences with TE and/or ROI. Perspectives from the military, training, and industry communities will be represented. Some topics that will be discussed are: should ROI and TE be viewed as separate constructs or a synergy, group and team TE, return on training investment, and measures and outcomes of TE and ROI.

North Korean Proliferation on the African Continent

2018 ◽  
pp. 118-137
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Bechtol
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
African Continent ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The North ◽  
Congo Brazzaville ◽  
The Military ◽  
And Training

There are so many countries in Africa that North Korea provides goods and services to that space does not permit the listing of all its activities there. In this chapter, the focus will be on the military proliferation activities that have occurred since the beginning of the Kim Jong-un era (with a focus on how many of these activities began long before Kim Jong-un became the North Korean leader). African countries to which North Korea continues to sell military weapons, refurbishment, and training include (but are not limited to) Ethiopia, Eritrea, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (DRC), Zimbabwe, Uganda, and even Egypt.

Gender and the Gift

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Stafford
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
Comparative History ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Half Turn ◽  
Heuristic Devices ◽  
Constant Interest

This chapter responds to Chris’s interest in gifts and giving—and to his recent half-turn linguistically. It aims to fill—or to begin to fill—one of the acknowledged gaps in a recent volume with which he was associated, The Languages of Gift, by looking at marriage and the giving and receiving of women. It underlines some of the things which that volume stressed—notably that gifts are multivocal—and can and do change in meaning contextually, but also that the contextual and changing meaning of the gift is rooted in and constrained by structures—which set that general framework of meaning. This chapter is also concerned with those structures and thus, I hope, responds to Chris’s lifelong concern with the bigger models and heuristic devices which are necessary to our understanding of the past. It will be especially concerned with England—in particular late Anglo-Saxon England. But it will draw on wider material in an attempt to understand that—inspired, once again, by Chris’s constant interest in comparative history.

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