scholarly journals Genetic diversity in westernmost European populations of Halimione verrucifera (M. Bieb.) Aellen

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 2541-2547
Author(s):  
MIHNEA VLADIMIRESCU ◽  
◽  
IOANA CĂTĂLINA PAICA ◽  
CRISTIAN BANCIU ◽  
GABRIEL MIHAI MARIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Population Survival

Halimione verrucifera – an extreme halophyte plant species spread mainly in Asia with a few locations in South Eastern Europe – have the westernmost marginal populations in Romania. In order to asses population fitness and conservation status, genetic diversity among and within population was estimated using ISSR markers.A set of 6 primers were utilized after selection from a primer set which showed clear and reproducible banding patterns, generating a total number of 86 loci. A presence/absence matrix was generated by evaluating the gel electrophoresis banding patterns of PCR products. From this, genetic distances between individuals and populations were calculated, which were used in all subsequent generation of genetic diversity indices, assuming the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Result revealed a low expected heterozygosity for both populations. Further testing by constructing an UPGMA dendrogram and a PCoA analysis confirmed that populations are clearly separated and with levels of genetic diversity that could ensure population survival in time and space.

Genetic diversity among and within populations of Raphanus raphanistrum and Brassica tournefortii (Brassicaceae) in Israel: a case study for planning ex situ conservation program of crop wild relatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Oz Barazani ◽  
Nir Hanin ◽  
Prabodh Kumar Bajpai ◽  
Yoni Waitz ◽  
Michal Barzilai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Brassica Tournefortii

The winter annuals Brassica tournefortii and Raphanus raphanistrum (Brassicaceae) share similar habitats and life-history traits, but differ in their reproduction system (self-compatibility vs. self-incompatibility, respectively). The two phylogenetically close species offer means to assess the effect of reproductive biology on genetic diversity between and within populations. In general, genetic diversity between populations of B. tournefortii was higher than that found between populations of R. raphanistrum, while higher genetic diversity indices were evident within populations of R. raphanistrum. In addition, the results of pairwise genetic distances indicated that the genetic distances between populations can be associated to the species’ reproductive biology and not to the population’s distribution pattern. We discuss whether knowledge of reproductive and habitat characteristics can be used to predict genetic diversity when planning sampling scheme for ex situ conservation.

Molecular systematics reveals multiple lineages and cryptic speciation in the freshwater crayfish Parastacus brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869) (Crustacea : Decapoda : Parastacidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Miranda ◽  
Kelly M. Gomes ◽  
Felipe B. Ribeiro ◽  
Paula B. Araujo ◽  
Catherine Souty-Grosset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Isolated Populations

The characterisation of intraspecific genetic diversity in representatives of the South American crayfish genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 is here carried out for the first time by comparing populations of Parastacus brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869) as currently defined. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers indicate the existence of multiple lineages, of which only one can be considered as P. brasiliensis sensu stricto. In addition, there are seven other lineages, one of which is the subspecies Parastacus brasiliensis promatensis Fontoura & Conter, 2008, which is here elevated to species level. We thereby increase to 14 the number of recognised species within Parastacus in South America. Genetic distances among P. brasiliensis sensu stricto and the lineages ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ increase with geographical distances, suggesting isolation by distance as an important driver of diversification, and eventually speciation, in these burrowing crayfishes. Parastacus brasiliensis occurs mainly in the Guaíba Lake basin and studied populations show limited connectivity and gene flow, probably due to habitat fragmentation. On the basis of genetic and distribution data, the conservation status of P. brasiliensis sensu stricto is confirmed as Near Threatened (NT). These findings lead us to encourage the establishment of preservation areas for isolated populations. The importance of preserving the newly recognised distinct gene pools in order to maintain overall genetic diversity is emphasised.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity in Cynara cardunculus Determined by Sequence-related Amplified Polymorphism Markers

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanina Cravero ◽  
Eugenia Martín ◽  
Enrique Cointry
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Srap Markers ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Euclidean Distances

Twenty-six wild and cultivated accessions of cardoon [Cynara cardunculus L. var. sylvestris (Lam.) Fiori and C. cardunculus var. cardunculus L., respectively] and globe artichoke [C. cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori] were analyzed to evaluate genetic diversity using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. Eleven qualitative and quantitative traits were evaluated and euclidean distances among genotypes were calculated. A total of 15 primer pairs were initially assayed and seven of them were finally selected as a result of their consistent amplification together with the clear banding patterns obtained. Genetic distances were calculated according to standardized Jaccard's distance index. Both matrices were subjected to cluster analysis. Dendrograms showed that cardoons were clearly separated from artichoke. These results showed that SRAP markers will be useful tools for studying genetic diversity in C. cardunculus.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (Elaeagnaceae) Populations in İzmir (Turkey)

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Erengül SOFYALIOĞLU ◽  
Emre SEVİNDİK ◽  
Hüseyin UYSAL
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Elaeagnus Angustifolia ◽  
A Value ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Issr Primers

This study was performed out genetic diversity of some Elaeagnus angustifolia L. populations growing in İzmir province by using ISSR markers. In the study, PCR was performed using 15 ISSR primers. PCR products were run in agarose gel and visualized under UV light. Amplified products were scored as follows. A total of 46 bands were produced from 15 ISSR primers, of which 27 were polymorphic. The proportion of polymorphic bands was evaluated as approximately 58.7%. Genetic distances between phylogenetic trees and genotypes were calculated using the PAUP program. The phylogenetic tree consists of two large clades. The longest distance between populations was between Gümüldür-Özdere and Çeşme-Alaçatı population with a value of 0.50, while the closest distance was between Çeşme-Ayayorgi and Konak-Hatay populations with a value of 0.06. The results show that ISSR markers are useful tools for determining genetic relationships between E. angustifolia populations

Preliminary assessment of genetic diversity and population connectivity of the Mugger Crocodile in Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Carlos Campos ◽  
Asghar Mobaraki ◽  
Elham Abtin ◽  
Raquel Godinho ◽  
José Carlos Brito
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Circuit Analysis ◽  
Habitat Connectivity ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Western Asia

The Mugger Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) is a threatened reptile inhabiting the Indian Sub-continent and Western Asia. Despite its “Vulnerable” conservation status, data about population genetic structure and connectivity are unavailable. This study makes a preliminary assessment of the genetic diversity, population structure and habitat connectivity ofC. palustrisin Iran. Ten tissue samples collected along the Sarbaz-Bahukalat basins were analysed and a set of 12 microsatellites was genotyped. Genetic diversity indices were estimated and population substructuring was assessed through Bayesian clustering analysis. Potential connectivity was verified through Remote Sensing water indexes, further implemented in a circuit analysis. Low genetic diversity was observed (mean observed heterozygosity = 0.35; mean expected heterozygosity = 0.43) and no population structure was found (K = 1). Water index and circuit analysis suggested possible connection among sites. This study highlights the potential vulnerability of crocodile populations and the importance of habitat connectivity for their persistence in the arid regions of Iran.

scholarly journals ISSR analysis points to relict character of Aconitum bucovinense Zapał. (Ranunculaceae) at the range margin

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Boroń ◽  
Joanna Zalewska-Gałosz ◽  
Agnieszka Sutkowska ◽  
Bogdan Zemanek ◽  
Józef Mitka
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Peripheral Populations ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Issr Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Scale Population

<p><em>Aconitum bucovinense</em>, a high-mountain species endemic to the Eastern and Southern Carpathians, including the Apuseni Mountains, is legally protected and classified in the Polish Red Data Book of Plants. It attains its NW geographical range in two peripheral populations in the Western Bieszczady Mountains (Polish Eastern Carpathians), isolated by a distance of 13.1 km. PCR-ISSR analysis has been used to elucidate the within- and among-populational levels of species genetic diversity. A UPGMA and block clustering showed discreteness of the populations and subpopulations based on ISSR banding pattern. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) revealed significant divergence (<em>P </em>= 0.024) of the two marginal populations and highly significant (<em>P </em>&lt; 0.001) differentiation of subpopulations within populations. The theta index calculated for the two marginal populations and the core population in the Carpathians was 0.131 ±0.030 S.D. Most of the population-genetic diversity indices of the mar­ginal populations were not different from those in the core area but the Shannon’s and rarity indices were lower in the marginal populations. It seems that founder effect and subsequent genetic bottleneck resulted in a fine-scale population genetic structure. The marginal populations under study need a relevant recovery program to maintain their genetic diversity.</p>

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellites For The Endangered Endemic Tree Nothofagus Alessandrii (Nothofagaceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Torres-Díaz ◽  
Moisés A. Valladares ◽  
Marco A. Molina-Montenegro ◽  
Freddy Mora-Poblete
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pooled Sample

Abstract Nothofagus alessandrii (Nothofagaceae) is one of the most endangered trees from Chile. Despite its conservation status, few molecular markers are available to study its population genetic, connectivity and to assist reproduction programs. Novel polymorphic microsatellites from the genome of N. alessandrii were isolated and characterized using high-through sequencing. A total of 30 primer pairs were synthesized and 18 microsatellites were amplified correctly. Polymorphism and genetic diversity was evaluated in 58 individuals from three populations of N. alessandrii. Sixteen of them were polymorphic and the number of alleles in the pooled sample ranged from 2 to 14, the mean number of alleles was 4.81. The mean values of observed heterozigosity (HO) and excepted heterozygosity (HE) of the Chanco population were 0.392 and 0.383. The mean values of HO and HE in the population of Empedrado (0.397 and 0.360, respectively) and Fundo el Desprecio (0.397 and 0.395, respectively) were similar. Linkage disequilibrium was found in a few pairs of loci suggesting that most of the markers can be considered as independent. Significant deviations from Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.05) were found in several loci probably due to low sampling size. Transferability to the congeneric N. pumilio was successful in only four out of the sixteen polymorphic markers. The microsatellite markers developed in this study will be useful to study the genetic diversity and structure and to develop integrated managements plans for the conservation on this endangered species.

scholarly journals Characterization and Assessment of Genetic Diversity for Agro-Morphological Traits of Ethiopian Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) landraces

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mohammed Awol
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
South West ◽  
New Germplasm

This experiment was conducted in 2016 at Sirinka and Jari, under rainfed conditions to characterize and assess genetic diversity among the Ethiopian chickpea landraces. Two hundred two new germplasm accessions were grown in an alpha lattice design with three replications. Data on 16 traits were collected and analysed. Differences among the accessions were significant  P<0.01). The genotypes were grouped into five clusters with different sizes. The genetic distances among the clusters were significant. The highest diversity indices pooled over characters within zones were recorded for accessions from South West Shewa (H= 2.03 ± 0.05) followed by Gurage (H=0.81 ± 0.08), West Shewa (H=0.73 ± 0.04) and North Gonder (H= 0.72 ± 0.05). The existence of wider morpho-agronomic diversity among the chickpea collections implies the potential to improve the crop and the need to conserve the diversity. Future collecting operations of chickpea accessions should strategically focus on areas with relatively large variation. From a genetic conservation point of view, it appears that South West Shewa, Gurage, West Shewa and North Gonder could be suitable as in situ conservation sites. Keywords: Accessions; diversity; clustering 

Microsatellite DNA Polymorphism Studies in Mudhol Hound Dog Native of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Sowmyashree ◽  
R. Jayashree ◽  
S. Naveen Kumar ◽  
R. Nagaraja ◽  
C.S. Nagaraja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Karnataka State ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Dog Breed ◽  
Maintenance Of Diversity

Background: Mudhol Hound the popular dog breed of Karnataka State, India has a long historical association with wars, hunting, social bondage, guarding and recently with the Indian army as a part of army’s sniffer dog squad. Despite its unique qualities, the number of animals is getting reduced gradually. Hence the present study was aimed at molecular characterization of the Mudhol Hound which will be useful in maintenance of diversity of the breed. Methods: In this study, 26 microsatellite markers were used for the characterization of Mudhol Hound dog. A total of 50 blood samples were screened. Microsatellite loci were analyzed by running the PCR products on 6.5 per cent polyacrylamide gels followed by silver staining. Genotyping was done based on the banding patterns. Result: A total of 221 alleles were observed from the 26 microsatellites. The number of alleles ranged from 5 (AHTk211) to 12 (INU055, PEZ12) with a mean of 8.5±1.9442 alleles. The average H0 and He were 0.7685±0.2122 and 0.8326±0.0397, respectively. The percentage of polymorphic loci obtained was 100 as all the loci studied were found to be polymorphic having the PIC values more than 0.5. All the 26 loci showed significant deviation from Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium (P less than 0.001).

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity among Egyptian and Saudi chicken ecotypes and local Egyptian chicken breeds using microsatellite markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
A. Sabry ◽  
◽  
S. Ramadan ◽  
M.M. Hassan ◽  
A.A. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Endangered Status

Aim: To assess genetic diversity of two chicken ecotypes from Egypt and Saudi Arabia and compare these ecotypes to six local Egyptian and two exotic pure chicken breeds using 14 microsatellite markers. Methodology: Dataset consisted of two subsets. First subset represented two ecotypes from Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Second dataset consisted birds six Egyptian native chicken strains: Fayoumi (FAY), Dandarawy (DAN), Baladi (BAL), Sinai (Sini), El-Salam (Els) and Golden Montazah (GG), and two commercial strains: White Leghorn (WL) and Rhode Island Red (RIR). fourteen microsatellites markers were utilized to assess DNA polymorphism. Data analyses of the results were carried out using R statistical environment. Results: The obtained results indicated that number of alleles per locus averaged 11.4 ± 5.0. Polymorphic information content was informative (> 50%) for the local breeds, but not for two ecotypes. The observed and expected heterozygosity averaged 0.46 and 0.75, both ecotypes had the lowest estimates. All breeds showed significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium expectation. The average population differentiation index (FST) was 0.143, overall heterozygosity deficiency (FIT) was 0.156, and global inbreeding of individuals within breeds (FIS) was 0.319. Interpretation: This study revealed that both Egyptian and Saudi ecotypes have an endangered status. Lower genetic distances and lower FST values were reported for the Egyptian indigenous breeds. Phylogenetic and principle components showed that both ecotypes were genetically closer to each other when compared with other breeds. It also showed that the Dandarawy native Egyptian chicken breed was genetically the closest breed to both the Egyptian and Saudi ecotypes. Key words: Chicken, Ecotypes, Genetic diversity, Microsatellites, Phylogenetics

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