scholarly journals EFFECTS OF BIOPESTICIDES IN Tetragonisca angustula LATREILLE (HYMENOPTERA: MELIPONINAE) POLLINATORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2cont) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Vinício Prescinato de Oliveira ◽  
Adriana Aparecida Sinópolis Gigliolli ◽  
Douglas Galhardo ◽  
Daiani Rodrigues Moreira ◽  
Ludmilla Ronqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Tetragonisca Angustula

Stingless bees Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille) (Hymenoptera: Meliponinae) are pollinators of native and cultivated plants, are therefore in contact with areas contaminated by pesticides. These native bees were evaluated for changes in gene expression of esterase isoenzymes and peptides after contamination by contact with insecticides growth regulators Gallaxy ® EC 100, Natuneem and Azamax after 48, 120, 168 hours, 30 and 60 days. EST-4 presented an increase in relative activity after contamination with Gallaxy ® 100 EC at 6.2 × 10-2 g a.i/mL, Natuneem at 7.5 × 10-5 g a.i/mL and Azamax at 1.2 × 10-3 g a.i/mL after 60 days, 48 h and 60 days, respectively. Inhibition of the relative activity of EST-4 was detected after contamination by the Natuneem at 1.5 × 10-5 g a.i/mLand Azamax at 1.2 × 10-3 g a.i/mL after 48 h and 30 days respectively. The insecticides growth regulators promoted changes in protein synthesis of adult workers of T. angustula resulting in an increase or decrease in the relative intensity of bands, and the appearance of new peptides compared with controls. Changes in protein synthesis have been identified mainly after long period of contamination, 120 and 168 h with the IGRs Gallaxy ® EC 100 (at 0.78 and 1.25 g a.i/mL), Azamax (at 1.2 × 10-3 and 6 × 10-3 g a.i/mL) and Natuneem (at 7.5 × 10-5 and 3 × 10-3 g a.i/mL) and 60 days with Natuneem (at 1.5 × 10-5 g a.i/mL).

scholarly journals Conocimiento de las abejas nativas sin aguijón y cambio generacional entre los mayas lacandones de Nahá, Chiapas

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-225
Author(s):  
Leonardo Ernesto Ulises Contreras Cortés ◽  
Amparo Vázquez García ◽  
Elda Miriam Aldasoro Maya ◽  
Jorge Mérida Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Local Population ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Tetragonisca Angustula ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Lacandon Maya

The Lacandon Maya were settled in the Lacandon forest since the 17th century; their experience and knowledge allow them to know and manage different natural elements, like the Native Stingless Bees (nsb). The present research registered the species of nsb and the differentiated knowledge about them in Nahá, Chiapas. From 2015 to 2018, through work with key collaborators and entomological collections, the species of NSB identified by the local population of the Flora and Fauna Protection Area of Nahá (ffpan) were determined. Later a questionnaire was applied to 68 heads of family, all males, to estimate the level of knowledge they have and the uses they give to the native stingless bees, according to age ranges. A total of 15 species of native bees were registered, of which honey is obtained mainly from four: Tetragonisca angustula (Ajyus), Scaura argyrea (K’amas kap’), Plebeia frontalis (Ak chip kap) y Melipona solani (Jach K’ojo’). We registered a differentiated knowledge of the heads of family in Nahá about the 15 species of nsb based on their behavior, morphology and the places where they live. The general tendency is the loss of knowledge, and it is accentuated among the young people. The causes are related to the weakening of the transmission’s mechanisms of knowledge, the decrease of the recollection activities and the absence of management of colonies in their homegardens, as well as the arrival of products that substitute honey and wax, offered at lower prices.

scholarly journals Biological Data of Stingless Bees with Potential Application in Pesticide Risk Assessments

Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adna Dorigo ◽  
Annelise Rosa-Fontana ◽  
Isabella Camargo ◽  
Roberta Nocelli ◽  
Osmar Malaspina
Keyword(s):  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Tetragonisca Angustula ◽  
Food Consumed

Due to the current practice of intensive pesticide use in Brazil on crops with flowers that are attractive to bees, biological information about Brazilian native bees is required in order for public authorities that are responsible for environmental safety to use them for calculations of risk assessments. Thus, the present study aimed to obtain biological data on stingless bees: Melipona scutellaris, Scaptotrigiona postica and Tetragonisca angustula. The food consumed by larvae and by adults and the mass of forager workers were obtained. The results provide essential inputs for the risk assessment of stingless bee exposure to pesticides., combined with information about the concentrations of these substances in crops with flowers that are attractive to bees, may be used in risk calculations.

scholarly journals Roles for ClpXP in regulating the circadian clock in Synechococcus elongatus

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (33) ◽  
pp. E7805-E7813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Cohen ◽  
Briana M. McKnight ◽  
Susan S. Golden
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Protein Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

In cyanobacteria, the KaiABC posttranslational oscillator drives circadian rhythms of gene expression and controls the timing of cell division. The Kai-based oscillator can be reconstituted in vitro, demonstrating that the clock can run without protein synthesis and degradation; however, protein degradation is known to be important for clock function in vivo. Here, we report that strains deficient in the ClpXP1P2 protease have, in addition to known long-period circadian rhythms, an exaggerated ability to synchronize with the external environment (reduced “jetlag”) compared with WT strains. Deletion of the ClpX chaperone, but not the protease subunits ClpP1 or ClpP2, results in cell division defects in a manner that is dependent on the expression of a dusk-peaking factor. We propose that chaperone activities of ClpX are required to coordinate clock control of cell division whereas the protease activities of the ClpXP1P2 complex are required to maintain appropriate periodicity of the clock and its synchronization with the external environment.

tiRNAs & tRFs Biogenesis and Regulation of Diseases: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (31) ◽  
pp. 5849-5861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Jiang ◽  
Feng Yan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Reverse Transcriptases ◽  
Dna Damage Responses ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Viral Reverse Transcriptases

tiRNAs & tRFs are a class of small molecular noncoding tRNA derived from precise processing of mature or precursor tRNAs. Most tiRNAs & tRFs described originate from nucleus-encoded tRNAs, and only a few tiRNAs and tRFs have been reported. They have been suggested to play important roles in inhibiting protein synthesis, regulating gene expression, priming viral reverse transcriptases, and the modulation of DNA damage responses. However, the regulatory mechanisms and potential function of tiRNAs & tRFs remain poorly understood. This review aims to describe tiRNAs & tRFs, including their structure, biological functions and subcellular localization. The regulatory roles of tiRNAs & tRFs in translation, neurodegeneration, metabolic diseases, viral infections, and carcinogenesis are also discussed in detail. Finally, the potential applications of these noncoding tRNAs as biomarkers and gene regulators in different diseases is also highlighted.

scholarly journals Viral Gene Expression Patterns in Human Herpesvirus 6B-Infected T Cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (15) ◽  
pp. 7578-7586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodil Øster ◽  
Per Höllsberg
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Viral Gene Expression ◽  
Polymerase Activity ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
De Novo Protein Synthesis

ABSTRACT Herpesvirus gene expression is divided into immediate-early (IE) or α genes, early (E) or β genes, and late (L) or γ genes on the basis of temporal expression and dependency on other gene products. By using real-time PCR, we have investigated the expression of 35 human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) genes in T cells infected by strain PL-1. Kinetic analysis and dependency on de novo protein synthesis and viral DNA polymerase activity suggest that the HHV-6B genes segregate into six separate kinetic groups. The genes expressed early (groups I and II) and late (groups V and VI) corresponded well with IE and L genes, whereas the intermediate groups III and IV contained E and L genes. Although HHV-6B has characteristics similar to those of other roseoloviruses in its overall gene regulation, we detected three B-variant-specific IE genes. Moreover, genes that were independent of de novo protein synthesis clustered in an area of the viral genome that has the lowest identity to the HHV-6A variant. The organization of IE genes in an area of the genome that differs from that of HHV-6A underscores the distinct differences between HHV-6B and HHV-6A and may provide a basis for further molecular and immunological analyses to elucidate their different biological behaviors.

scholarly journals Effects of Aprotinin on Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis After Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (11_suppl) ◽  
pp. I-121-I-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Buerke ◽  
D. Pruefer ◽  
D. Sankat ◽  
J. M. Carter ◽  
U. Buerke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion

scholarly journals Analysis of Expressed Sequence Tag Data and Gene Expression Profiles Involved in Conidial Germination of Fusarium oxysporum

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 1667-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Deng ◽  
Haitao Dong ◽  
Qingchao Jin ◽  
Cheng'en Dai ◽  
Yongqi Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Cdna Library ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Cdna Array ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Expressed Sequence

ABSTRACT We obtained 3,372 tentative unique transcripts (TUTs) from a cDNA library of Fusarium oxysporum. A cDNA array with 3,158 TUTs was produced to analyze gene expression profiles in conidial germination. It seems that ras and other signaling genes, e.g., ccg, cooperatively initiate conidial germination in Fusarium by increasing protein synthesis.

Control of cellular gene expression during adenovirus infection: induction and shut-off of dihydrofolate reductase gene expression by adenovirus type 2

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
S S Yoder ◽  
B L Robberson ◽  
E J Leys ◽  
A G Hook ◽  
M Al-Ubaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Dihydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Adenovirus Infection ◽  
Specific Mrna

Infection of human cells by adenovirus results in multiple alterations of host gene expression. To examine the effects of viral infection on the expression of a single gene, a line of human cells was developed which is resistant to growth in methotrexate and which contains amplified RNA and protein specific for dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Cytogenetic evidence indicated the presence of amplified DNA. Adenovirus infection of these cells caused an induction and subsequent decline in the synthesis of DHFR protein. The maximum DHFR induction occurred 16 to 19 h after infection and reached a level 2.5-fold greater than that observed in uninfected cells. Induction of DHFR protein synthesis was accompanied by concomitant increases in the level of steady-state DHFR-specific cytoplasmic RNA. The relative rate of DHFR mRNA production (i.e., the appearance of DHFR-specific mRNA sequences in the cytoplasm) also increased 2.5-fold during induction. Later in infection, the relative rate of DHFR protein synthesis declined, reaching a level below that observed in uninfected cells. This decline was accompanied by a similar decline in the steady-state levels of DHFR RNA and in the relative rate of synthesis of DHFR mRNA. These data suggest that adenovirus infection controls DHFR gene expression by increasing and subsequently decreasing the relative rate at which DHFR-specific mRNA sequences appear in the cytoplasm and enter the pool of mRNA available for translation.

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