scholarly journals Violence exposure and substance use among southern Brazilian schoolchildren

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Cristina Lessa ◽  
Carolina S. De Maced ◽  
Vanessa A. Teixeira ◽  
Guilherme Welter ◽  
Rogério Lessa
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
School Context ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Consumo De Sustancias

Abstract: Cross-sectional study with probabilistic sample of 3,547 adolescents aged from 12 to 17 years old, 54.2% girls, from southern Brazilian schools that analysed the association between exposure to violence and substance use. Gender and age distribution in general population were controlled and sample proportions were assured. A self report measure was used to evaluate sociodemographic conditions, violence, substance use, psychiatric disorders, school performance, parental practices and relationship with parents and teachers. Descriptive analysis were hold, prevalence ratio for substance use were estimated by Poisson Regression, preceded by control for design effect by school variable. The analysis were adjusted by gender, alcohol and tobacco use by the parents and psychiatric disorders. Association between violence exposure and use in the year of all drugs investigated was found: tobacco [PR=2.49 (CI95%: 1.92-3.25) p<.001], alcohol [PR=1.46 (CI95%: 1.35-1.59) p<.001] and illicit drugs [PR=1.60 (CI95%: 1.27-2.01) p<.001]. When adjusting also for the use of other substances (for example: cocaine, crack), the association remained only for tobacco and alcohol. Prevalence substance use found are similar to national levels and there are evidences of significant and strong association of substance use and exposure to violence at school, mainly for alcohol and tobacco. It is recommended that public policies to improve school climate and school context should focus on school staff skills and competencies to prevent school violence and licit or illicit substance use by Brazilian adolescents.Exposición a la violencia y el consumo de sustancias entre estudiantes en el sur de BrasilResumen: Este estudio transversal con muestra probabilística de 3.547 adolescentes, 54.2% niñas, media de edad 14 años (SD=1.66), realizado en escuelas brasileñas del sur de Brasil, analizó la asociación entre la exposición a la violencia y el consumo de sustancias. El género y la edad fueron controlados y la proporción de la muestra fue asegurada. Una medida de autoinforme ha evaluado datos sociodemográficos, la violencia, el consumo de sustancias, trastornos psiquiátricos, rendimiento escolar, prácticas parentales y la relación de los jóvenes con padres y profesores. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y la razón de prevalencia para el consumo de sustancias fue estimada por regresión de Poisson, precedida por el control para efecto de la variable escuela. El análisis fue ajustada por sexo y el consumo de alcohol y tabaco por los padres, así como por los trastornos psiquiátricos. Asociaciones entre la exposición a la violencia y el uso en el año de todos las sustancias investigadas fueron encontradas: tabaco [PR=2.49 (IC 95%: 1.92 - 3.25) p<.001], alcohol [PR=1.46 (IC95%: 1.35-1.59) p<.001] y drogas ilícitas [PR=1.60 (IC95%: 1.27 - 2.1) p<.001]. Al ajustar para el uso de cualquier sustancia de otros grupos, la asociación sólo quedó para el consumo de tabaco y de alcohol. La prevalencia del consumo de sustancias encontrada fue similar a los niveles nacionales. Se recomienda que las políticas públicas para mejorar el clima de las escuelas brasileñas se centren en las competencias del equipo escolar para prevenir la violencia y el consumo de sustancias por adolescentes

scholarly journals Development of Structural Model on Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents’ Exposure to Violence

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3215
Author(s):  
Jeoung Mi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Family Violence ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Students ◽  
Ego Resilience

Purpose: This study developed and examined a structural model and influencing factors of suicidal ideation by path analysis of family violence exposure, school violence exposure, anger, aggression, depression, hopelessness, and ego resilience among adolescents. Methods: A hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of general strain theory developed by Agnew, as well as a review of studies in the literature related to suicidal ideation in adolescents in terms of violence exposure. The subjects were 1150 middle school students located in P city and K province. The model included 8 concepts and 24 paths. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires from September 2 to 20, 2013, and analyzed using the IBM SPSS and AMOS 21.0 programs. Results: Family violence exposure, school violence exposure, anger, depression, hopelessness, and ego resilience showed a direct effect, while aggression showed an indirect effect on suicidal ideation in adolescents. These factors accounted for 45% of the variance of suicidal ideation in middle school students in terms of violence exposure. Conclusions: The results suggest that suicidal ideation of adolescents who are exposed to violence could be decreased by increasing ego resilience and reducing family violence exposure. It is necessary to develop an intervention strategy to prevent suicidal ideation.

Comorbidity of Adult ADHD and Its Subtypes With Substance Use Disorder in a Large Population-Based Epidemiological Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1416-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea J. Capusan ◽  
Preben Bendtsen ◽  
Ina Marteinsdottir ◽  
Henrik Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Mixed Effect

Objective: The objective of the study is to explore the role and possible substance preference in ADHD and subtypes in substance use disorder (SUD). Method: Using self-report data on ADHD Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) symptoms and SUD (alcohol, illicit drugs, and nicotine) in 18,167 Swedish twins, aged 20 to 45 years, we obtained odds ratios (OR) from mixed effect logistic regression, controlling for age, sex, education, and nonindependence of twin data. Results: Increased ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with increased odds for all SUD. ORs ranged between 1.33 for regular nicotine (95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.12, 1.59]); 2.54 for multiple drug use (95% CI = [2.00, 3.23]), and 3.58 for alcohol dependence (95% CI = [2.86, 4.49]). Conclusion: ADHD symptoms and subtypes in the population are associated with increased risks for all SUD outcomes, with no difference between ADHD subtypes, no substance preference, and no sex differences for the comorbidity. Clinicians need to consider ADHD evaluation and treatment as part of management of SUD in adults.

Impact of Violence Exposure on Substance Use at 12 Years

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Kobulsky ◽  
Sonia Minnes ◽  
Meeyoung O. Min ◽  
Mark I. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Violence Exposure

Effects of Friends' Substance Use Via Self-Report and Network Analysis

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Henry ◽  
Kimberly Kobus ◽  
Michael E. Schoeny
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Self Report

Improving Accuracy of a Self-Report Measure of Substance Use

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Rahdert ◽  
David L. Wyrick ◽  
Melodie Fearnow-Kenney
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Improving Accuracy ◽  
Report Measure

Application of the Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread and, Sustainability (NASSS) Framework to evaluate the role of technology in the Pathways to Comorbidity Care (PCC) implementation project to improve management of comorbid substance use and mental disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MariaGabriela Uribe Guajardo ◽  
Andrew James Baillie ◽  
Eva Louie ◽  
Vicki Giannopoulos ◽  
Katie Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Clinical Supervision ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

Abstract (250 words)In substance use treatment settings, there is a high prevalence of comorbid mental health problems. Yet an integrated approach for managing comorbidity, implementation of evidence-based intervention in drug and alcohol settings remains problematic. Technology can help the adoption of evidence-based practice and successfully implement effective treatment health care pathways. This study sought to examine aspects of electronic resources utilisation (barriers and facilitators) by clinicians participating in the PCC training. MethodA self-report questionnaire and a semi-structured interview was designed to measure overall satisfaction with the PCC portal and e-resources available throughout the 9-month intervention for participating clinicians. An adapted version of the ‘Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread and, Sustainability’ (NASSS) framework was used to facilitate discussion in regards to the study findings. ResultsA total of 20 clinicians from drug and alcohol services responded to all the measures. Facilitators of portal use included: i. clinician acceptance of the PCC portal; ii. guidance from the clinical supervisor or clinical champion that encouraged the use of e-resources. Some of the barriers included: i. complexity of the illness (condition), ii. clinicians’ preference (adopter system) for face-to-face resources and training modes (e.g. clinical supervision, clinical champion workshops), and iii. lack of face-to-face training on how to use the portal (technology and organisation).ConclusionBased on the NASSS framework, we were able to identify several barriers and facilitators including such as the complexity of the illness, lack of face-to-face training and clinician preference for training mediums. Recommendations include ongoing consultation of clinicians to assist in the development of tailored e-health resources and offering in-house training on how to operate and effectively utilise these resources.

The Value of Neuroimaging Techniques in the Translation and Transdiagnostic Validation of Psychiatric Diagnoses - Selective Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 540-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Todeva-Radneva ◽  
Rositsa Paunova ◽  
Sevdalina Kandilarova ◽  
Drozdstoy St. Stoyanov
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
Directional Change ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

: Psychiatric diagnosis has long been perceived as more of an art than a science since its foundations lie within the observation, and the self-report of the patients themselves and objective diagnostic biomarkers are lacking. Furthermore, the diagnostic tools in use not only stray away from the conventional medical framework but also remain invalidated with evidence-based concepts. However, neuroscience, as a source of valid objective knowledge has initiated the process of a paradigm shift underlined by the main concept of psychiatric disorders being “brain disorders”. It is also a bridge closing the explanatory gap among the different fields of medicine via the translation of the knowledge within a multidisciplinary framework. : The contemporary neuroimaging methods, such as fMRI provide researchers with an entirely new set of tools to reform the current status quo by creating an opportunity to define and validate objective biomarkers that can be translated into clinical practice. Combining multiple neuroimaging techniques with the knowledge of the role of genetic factors, neurochemical imbalance and neuroinflammatory processes in the etiopathophysiology of psychiatric disorders is a step towards a comprehensive biological explanation of psychiatric disorders and a final differentiation of psychiatry as a well-founded medical science. : In addition, the neuroscientific knowledge gained thus far suggests a necessity for directional change to exploring multidisciplinary concepts, such as multiple causality and dimensionality of psychiatric symptoms and disorders. A concomitant viewpoint transition of the notion of validity in psychiatry with a focus on an integrative validatory approach may facilitate the building of a collaborative bridge above the wall existing between the scientific fields analyzing the mind and those studying the brain.

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy With Substance-Using Individuals

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny S. Kim ◽  
Jody Brook ◽  
Becci A. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Brief Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Solution Focused Brief Therapy ◽  
Solution Focused

Objective: This study examined the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) intervention on substance abuse and trauma-related problems. Methods: A randomized controlled trial design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of SFBT in primary substance use treatment services for child welfare involved parents in outpatient treatment for substance use disorders. Mixed linear models were used to test within- and between-group changes using intent-to-treat analysis ( N = 64). Hedges’s g effect sizes were also calculated to examine magnitude of treatment effects. Results: Both groups decreased on the Addiction Severity Index-Self-Report and the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40. The between group effect sizes were not statistically significant on either measures, thus SFBT produced similar results as the research supported treatments the control group received. Conclusion: Results support the use of SFBT in treating substance use and trauma and provide an alternative approach that is more strengths based and less problem focused.

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