scholarly journals Sustainable Tropical Cities: A Scoping Review of Multidisciplinary Methods for Urban Planning

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taha Chaiechi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Tropical Cities ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Most studies of urban sustainability are characterised by traditional approaches focusing on environmental aspects. These studies often neglect the influence of issues such as governance, society, culture, and geography. Multidisciplinary contributions remain poorly understood in this field, although evidence suggests that regional, geographical and socio-cultural factors are essential in shaping sustainable urban planning. Following Arksey and O'Malley’s (2005) scoping approach to literature reviews, this article provides a mapping technique and a scoping review to show the extent and nature of applied methodologies in the field of urban sustainability. The paper finds that there is a global need for sustainable urban planning through innovative multidisciplinary approaches. The paper calls for an accelerated knowledge creation in the field of urban development based on climate-classifications, socio-economic information, and locational characteristics. It particularly notes the need for research in the Tropics where distinct socio-economic dynamics and climate conditions have specific impacts on sustainable urban planning.

Diversifying Planning Education through Course Readings

2021 ◽  
pp. 0739456X2110019
Author(s):  
Adam Millard-Ball ◽  
Garima Desai ◽  
Jessica Fahrney
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Planning Education ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Course Syllabi ◽  
Race Ethnicity

We investigate diversity in urban planning education by analyzing the gender and race/ethnicity of authors who are assigned on reading lists for urban sustainability courses. Using a sample of 772 readings from thirty-two syllabi, we find that assigned authors are even less diverse than planning faculty. Female authors account for 28 percent of assigned readings on the syllabi, and authors of color for 20 percent. Wide variation between courses suggests that a paucity of potential readings is not the main constraint. We urge instructors to revisit or “decolonize” their course syllabi and think critically about whose voices students are taught to hear.

scholarly journals The study of urban climate and traffic: Considerations from the Araraquara case, SP

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 02070
Author(s):  
Clélia Mendonça de Moraes ◽  
Edson Melanda ◽  
Nilson Roberto de Barros Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Urban Geometry ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Urban Microclimates

The article discusses the interface between the influence of the urban climate and the traffic accident, there are as reference the results of the research carried out for the Araraquara case, SP, Brazil. Initially presented a brief analysis of urban mobility, geoprocessing (GIS) and the climatic importance in relation to urban sustainability. The article analyzes the urban climate of Araraquara, especially with regard to solar radiation on city streets and green areas. It was based on the premise that there is a correlation between the urban microclimates and the variables related to the traffic accident. Thus, a georeferenced mapping of the urban geometry was carried out by associating the climatic variables such as solar radiation, temperature and humidity of the air, to three parameters related to the traffic accident were chosen from the a) traffic accident with victim, b) without victim and c) motorcycle. At the end, the article proposes how the results found can reduce traffic accident and contribute to urban planning

scholarly journals A DENGUE EM CURITIBA/PR: UMA ABORDAGEM CLIMATOLÓGICA DO EPISÓDIO DE MARÇO/ABRIL – 2002

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Maria Fernandes De OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Weather Types ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Research Results

A Dengue é registrada em Curitiba/PR desde a década de 1990. A incidência da doença nesta cidade tornou-se alarmante em 2002, quando os primeiros casos autóctones foram registrados no mês de abril. Aplicando a análise rítmica dos tipos de tempo, foi possível observar como as condições climáticas foram favoráveis ao desenvolvimento do vetor (Aedes Aegypti) e, conseqüentemente, da ocorrência dos referidos casos autóctones. Os resultados desta pesquisa evidenciaram que o clima da cidade tem apresentado mudanças, tornando-se mais quente (principalmente no verão e outono), o que criou condições para a ocorrência de casos autóctones de Dengue em Curitiba. Outros aspectos ambientais também foram envolvidos na análise. Dengue Fever in Curitiba/PR: a climatological approach about March/April - 2002 event Abstract Dengue Fever has been registered in Curitiba/PR since 1990 decade. Such fact went on and became alarming in 2002, when the first autocton cases was registered in April. Applying the rhythmic analysis of weather types of, it was possible observe how the climate conditions were favorable to the vector development (Aedes Aegypti) and, consequently, the autocton cases happened. This research results showed that city climate has changed, it has become warmer than before (mainly summer and autumn), and created conditions to the occurrence of autocton cases of Dengue Fever. Others environmental aspects were also involved in this analises.

scholarly journals What you need to know about scoping reviews

Medwave ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. e8144-e8144
Author(s):  
Catalina Verdejo ◽  
Luis Tapia-Benavente ◽  
Bastián Schuller-Martínez ◽  
Laura Vergara-Merino ◽  
Manuel Vargas-Peirano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Recent Model ◽  
Reporting Guideline ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Reproducible Method ◽  
Meta Analyses

The increasing amount of evidence has caused an increasing amount of literature reviews. There are different types of reviews —systematic reviews are the best known—, and every type of review has different purposes. The scoping review is a recent model that aims to answer broad questions and identify and expose the available evidence for a broader question, using a rigorous and reproducible method. In the last two decades, researchers have discussed the most appropriate method to carry out scoping reviews, and recently the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses’ for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) reporting guideline was published. This is the fifth article of a methodological collaborative series of narrative reviews about general topics on biostatistics and clinical epidemiology. This review aims to describe what scoping reviews are, identify their objectives, differentiate them from other types of reviews, and provide considerations on how to carry them out.

scholarly journals The Model’s Limitations. What ‘Urban Sustainability’ for Port-au-Prince? European Urban Projects Put to the Test by the Haitian City

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Marie Redon
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
Temporal Discontinuity ◽  
City Model ◽  
Systemic Functioning

In 2010, the capital of Haiti was devastated by an earthquake that seemed to provide the opportunity for the country, as well as foreign donors, to put Port-au-Prince on the track of an ordered, planned urban policy, in line with its multi-risk context. Prior to the earthquake, the lack of a legal framework for urban planning was called into question. In its wake, speeches making the capital the emblem of a new ‘sustainable’ start have flourished. The European Union, the main donor of funds for Haiti, has embarked on a programme of support for reconstruction, but with what results three years later? The paper proposes to approach the limitations of the ‘sustainable city’ model, conditioned by spatiotemporal continuity. The systemic functioning underlying urban sustainability clashes with the context of Port-au-Prince, where spatial division and temporal discontinuity are determinant. In spite of itself, aid and its operation by projects, seems to enforce urban fragmentation and dissonance.

Happiness in the tropics: climate variables and subjective wellbeing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Oscar Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Changes in climatic patterns are expected to have significant effects on health and wellbeing. However, the literature on the effect of climate on subjective wellbeing remains scant and existing studies focus mostly on developed countries or cross-country analyses. This paper aims to identify the relationship between climate conditions on happiness after controlling for individual and social characteristics. Ecuador, a geographically fragmented country with varying climate conditions across municipalities, constitutes an ideal case study to assess the effect of climate variables on happiness. We employ a cross-section analysis to identify the effect of temperature, precipitation and humidity on happiness. The paper shows that climate conditions constitute an important determinant of people's subjective wellbeing. The results also suggest that income and education attenuate the effect of temperature on happiness and that substantial differences are observed depending on whether places are hot/humid or cold/dry.

Machine Learning and Medication Adherence: Scoping Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Bohlmann ◽  
Javed Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Medication Compliance ◽  
Medication Administration ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Medication Monitoring ◽  
User Acceptability ◽  
Traditional Approaches

BACKGROUND This is the first scoping review broadly focused on machine learning and medication adherence. OBJECTIVE To categorize and summarize literature focused on using machine learning for medication compliance activities. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, ACM Digital library, IEEE, and Web of Science were searched to find works that meet the inclusion criteria. Study information of interest was systematically charted before inclusion in the final draft. Studies were placed into natural categories for additional analysis dependent upon the combination of medication adherence activities carried out. The protocol for this scoping review was created using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. RESULTS Publications focused on predicting medication adherence have uncovered strong predictors that were significant across multiple studies. Studies that used machine learning to monitor medication compliance are generally still in early developmental stages and used a variety of sensor data to detect medication administration. Systems that combined medication monitoring with intervention were mostly concerned with detecting medication administration and only a few compared their system against more traditional approaches. CONCLUSIONS In general, this topic currently has relatively few publications but has been generating more interest over the last few years. Although important features for predicting adherence have been identified more work needs to be done to understand the complex interplay between these features. Systems used to monitor medication compliance also require further testing in more realistic environments and user acceptability evaluations. When interventions are attempted the effectiveness of the system should be evaluated against current systems used to encourage medication compliance. CLINICALTRIAL NONE

scholarly journals Smart Urban Planning: Evaluating Urban Logistics Performance of Innovative Solutions and Sustainable Policies in the Venice Lagoon—the Results of a Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Mazzarino ◽  
Lucio Rubini
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Urban Freight

Currently, remarkable gaps of operational, social and environmental efficiency and overall sub-optimization of the logistics and mobility systems exist in urban areas. There is then the need to promote and assess innovative transport solutions and policy-making within SUMPs (Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans) to deal with such critical issues in order to improve urban sustainability. The paper focuses on the case study of the Venice Lagoon, where islands—despite representing a relevant feature of urban planning—face a tremendous lack of accessibility, depopulation, social cohesion and they turn out to be poorly connected. By developing an original scenario-building methodological framework and performing data collection activities, the purpose of the paper consists of assessing the feasibility of a mixed passenger and freight transport system —sometimes called cargo hitching. Mixed passenger and freight systems/cargo hitching are considered as an innovative framework based on the integration of freight and passenger urban systems and resources to optimize the existing transport capacity, and thus, urban sustainability. Results show that the overall existing urban transport capacity can accommodate urban freight flows on main connections in the Lagoon. The reduction in spare public transport capacity, as well as in the number (and type) of circulating freight boats show—in various scenarios—the degree of optimization of the resulting urban network configuration and the positive impacts on urban sustainability. This paves the way for the regulatory framework to adopt proposed solutions.

scholarly journals Failure matters: Reassembling eco-urbanism in a globalizing China

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1719-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Chun Catherine Chang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Dominant Focus ◽  
Planning Software ◽  
Global North ◽  
Policy Mobilities ◽  
North And South

This paper is an attempt to reassess the role of failure in policy mobilities. Empirically, this paper examines the various aftermaths of, and the continuing trans-local connections originating from, the prominent but un-materialized Sino-British Shanghai-Dongtan eco-city—with a particular consideration on its relation with a subsequently realized project—the Sino-Singapore Tianjin eco-city. The findings reveal that despite its apparent failure, Dongtan eco-city established a set of urban planning procedures adopted by many, including those who designed and delivered the Tianjin eco-city. Meanwhile, Dongtan’s failure to materialize motivated the Chinese government to pursue collaboration with the Singaporean government over the increased involvement of private Western partners. The intent to avoid association with Dongtan’s failure also fostered a new eco-urbanism model based on rebranding the planning practices of Singapore’s public housing. Parts of Dongtan eco-city have also lived on through the international circulation of a piece of planning software that was first developed for the failed project. This paper contributes to the policy mobilities literature by challenging its dominant focus on successful exemplars and exploring how a project fails in implementation yet parts of it remain mobile, influential and present in other developments. This paper also advances the understanding of contemporary urban sustainability by revealing how eco-urbanism models are co-produced in this globalizing era between the global North and South, as well as within the global South.

scholarly journals A global review of urban pollinators and implications for maintaining pollination services in tropical cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Kiyoshi Maruyama ◽  
Jessica Luiza S. Silva ◽  
Ingrid N. Gomes ◽  
Camila Bosenbecker ◽  
Oswaldo Cruz-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Urban Biodiversity ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Insect Pollinator ◽  
International Collaborations ◽  
Tropical Cities ◽  
The Tropics

Pollinators provide essential ecosystem services worldwide, but dependence on biotic pollination is higher in the tropics, where urbanization is expected to impact biodiversity more severely. Here, we present a global review on urban pollinator studies with emphasis on the tropics. From the 308 published studies that included information on pollinator groups, only ~25 % were conducted in tropical regions, while ~65 % were carried out in the non-tropical northern hemisphere. This overall trend was similar for all the major insect pollinator groups, but not for vertebrates, which were overall less studied in both tropical and non-tropical regions. The effects of urbanization on tropical pollinators are diverse and complex and likely depend on the extent and type of urbanization, as well as the pollinator taxa studied. For both insect and vertebrate pollinators, the existing studies suggest that tropical cities can support generalist species tolerant of human activity, but the lack of studies hampers other general conclusions. The underrepresentation of pollinator studies in tropical cities undermines the value of urban biodiversity conservation in the most biodiverse regions of the world and highlights a missing opportunity. Since promoting urban biodiversity benefits both nature and people, it could be especially relevant in the Global South, where economic and social inequalities are severe and pollinator conservation may contribute to sustainability goals. In this context, initiatives that foster more international collaborations and research in the tropics are essential for a better understanding of the effects of urbanization and the value of pollinators in urban areas. Such knowledge can provide the basis for better urban planning strategies that contribute to the conservation of biodiversity and maintenance of pollination services in tropical cities.

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