The role of the Wali al-Faqih in the process of external political decision-making: An analytical study of the relevant articles of the revised Iranian constitution of 1989

2020 ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Wissam Saleh Abdul-Hussein Jassim Al-Rub
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political System ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Political ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Supreme Leader ◽  
Political Decision Making

The Iranian Constitution of 1979 and the amendment of 1989 considered the Supreme Leader of the Iranian Islamic Revolution the most powerful institution in influence and presence in the political system. The guide, directly or indirectly, through the agencies operating under his administration, and here we say that the political vision of the wali al-Faqih governs its authority over all the perceptions of decision-makers in their formulation and implementation of strategic decisions that achieve the goals of the Iranian regime at home and abroad.

Can Democracy be Deliberative & Participatory? The Democratic Case for Political Uses of Mini-Publics

Daedalus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Lafont
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Political System ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Negative Conclusion ◽  
Political Decision Making

This essay focuses on recent proposals to confer decisional status upon deliberative mini-publics such as citizens' juries, Deliberative Polls, and citizens' assemblies. Against such proposals, I argue that inserting deliberative mini-publics into political decision-making processes would diminish the democratic legitimacy of the political system as a whole. This negative conclusion invites a question: which political uses of mini-publics would yield genuinely democratic improvements? Drawing from a participatory conception of deliberative democracy, I propose several uses of mini-publics that could enhance the democratic legitimacy of political decision-making in current societies.

Internal variables affecting Iraqi political decision-making after the year 2003

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Political System ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Political Decision Making

The research aims to study the internal variables affecting the political system, namely the constitution, national and federal identity, and political parties. The research concluded that Iraq is going through severe political crises, which are: 1.The permanent Iraqi constitution of 2005 still carries multiple problems, the most important of which is the relationship between the center and the region, with the existence of quotas and consensus, and they are the basis for the failure of effective Iraqi political decision-making, and the absence of a social contract 2.The existence of chaos of political parties and the domination of large blocs in decision-making, which led to the marginalization of minorities and the loss of their rights. Keywords:occupation; decision – making ; Internal variables; federalism; Political quota

Die europäische Energieverwaltung vor dem Hintergrund des Integrationsgefüges in der Europäischen Union

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Political ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Legislative Action ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Political Decision Making

Challenges in the European energy sector have become so extensive that they cannot be met purely on a national level, but require joint multi-directional European solutions. Complex structures and procedures involving diverse administrative elements and networks have thus emerged, through which a cooperative EU administrative body on energy frames both the political decision-making and legislative action of the Union in this respect, as well as legal implementation as such. This book examines these structures and multilevel cooperation, and the role of supranational and national energy actors, from the standpoint and as an example of European administrative integration. It offers a comprehensive view of EU energy administration, highlights efficiency failings in this regard and points to potential ways of optimising the achievement of European Union energy policy goals.

Political Parties and Corruption: Reflections on the Italian Case

Modern Italy ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella della Porta
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Popular Participation ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Political Decision Making

Political corruption can be considered as a means by which money influences politics. In the classic studies the causes of corruption have usually been identified in the characteristics of the principal actor in the political system: the party. Samuel Huntington, in particular, has linked the development of corruption to party weakness during phases of growing political participation. Corruption spreads in those specific paths to modernization in which popular participation in political decision-making is not immediately accompanied by a strengthening of those institutions, such as political parties, which should filter and direct collective demands: ‘the weaker and less accepted the political parties, the greater the likelihood of corruption’.

scholarly journals Automatic Leviathan: Cybernetics and politics in Carl Schmitt’s postwar writings

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-146
Author(s):  
Nicolas Guilhot
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Political Decision Making

This article questions the current vogue of Carl Schmitt among political theorists who read him as an antidote to the depoliticizing force of economics and technology in the age of neoliberalism and its algorithmic rationalities. It takes Schmitt’s sparse reflections about cybernetics and game theory as paradigmatic of the theoretical and political problems raised by any theory positing the autonomy of the political. It suggests that this ultimately misunderstands the role of cybernetic representations of political decision-making in shoring up in the 1960s and 1970s the autonomy of the political that Schmitt so vehemently defended.

scholarly journals ROLE OF GROUPS OF INTEREST IN THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF SOCIETY

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Nodira Sardarovna Rasulova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Political System ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Political ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Common Interests

The article examines the role and place of interest groups in civil society, their functions, specificity of activities, similarities and differences from political parties. Based on an analysis of the opinions of prominent scientists and political scientists, the main task of interest groups is shown - mediation between the state, seeking to protect common interests, and civil society, expressing private goals and interests. The possibilities of various groups of interests to influence the authorities, as well as to bring to the attention of political decision-makers, the needs and demands of the population, have been determined. Specific proposals and recommendations have been formulated aimed at increasing the political and legal activity of citizens.

scholarly journals Definice, příčiny a důsledky kumulace mandátů zákonodárci

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 141-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukáš Hájek
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political System ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Scholarly Discussion ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Decision Making

The article deals with various aspects of multiple-office holding. Although the phenomenon is especially influential in connection with legislators, the text offers a critical synthesis of recent findings on multiple-office holding on any level of political decision-making, thus providing a general framework for scholarly discussion and further research. The paper first provides a definition of the concept of multiple-office holding, which has been heretofore lacking in the Czech context. Causes of multiple-office holding are then delineated and divided into the three categories of historical reverberations, systemic elements and individual incentives. Both the positive and negative impacts on a political system are discussed as well. Next, three approaches (direct, indirect, and autoregulatory) of dealing with the practice of multiple-office holding, which are employed by particular political systems, are distinguished. Then, the role of a multiple-office holding in the Czech political system is depicted. The final part of the paper discusses a specific controversy linked to the phenomenon and criticises the lack of proper debates and scientific analyses on the practice.

The political vitality of Mapuche stones: Heteronomy and political decision-making

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-347
Author(s):  
André Menard
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Personal Use ◽  
Political Decision Making

In the ethnographic literature on Mapuche culture from the late 19th century to the present, there are many references to the existence of stones charged with symbolic, magical, religious and even political powers. These range from large rocks that are the object of collective worship to small stones that are put to (more-or-less) personal use. This article focuses on the political role of these stones. In many cases, they are depicted as subjects that form alliances with their owners and create the conditions for victories in politics and war thanks to their oracular powers and the force and prestige they confer. This article also includes an analysis of how these stones are inscribed in a certain logic of Mapuche decision-making, in which that activity is often moved to a heteronomous space (dreams, omens, divine voices and other signs) in which these stones seem to participate as subjects. This suggests that Mapuche society has a specific relationship with political decision-making and the problem of sovereignty, one that stands in opposition to both Carl Schmitt’s authoritarian decisionism and the rationalism of liberal democracy.

ՔԱՂԱՔԱԿԱՆ ՈՐՈՇՈՒՄՆԵՐ ԸՆԴՈՒՆԵԼՈՒ ԳՈՐԾԸՆԹԱՑԻ ՄԵԹՈԴԱԲԱՆԱԿԱՆ ՎԵՐԼՈՒԾՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-101
Author(s):  
Narek Grigoryan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Joint Decisions ◽  
Political Decision Making

The political decision-making process has always been at the center of attention of states. In this regard, there are a number of theories and practical manifestations that reflect the whole essence of the decision-making process. The specificity of the decision-making process in conditions of the state is rather due to the important principles of reciprocity and proportionality. The main goal here is the implementation of an effective state policy with the participation of all, as well as the adoption of joint mutually acceptable decisions. Making joint decisions leads to the fact that not one, but all will be blamed for the results and consequences. The adoption of effective decisions is conditioned by the stages of decision making, which form the basis of this process by appropriate methodology and modeling. One of the important issues is the issue of decision-making in emergency or critical situations, a process that has special procedures and technologies. The role of communication technologies is also important, when the decision-making process is accompanied by the use of diplomatic or negotiation tools.

Wegvoeringen en weggevoerden tijdens de meidagen van 1940

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-259
Author(s):  
Etienne Verhoeyen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
The Political ◽  
Extreme Right ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Belgian Society ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risky Business ◽  
Political Decision Making

Met dit boek levert Frank Seberechts een nagenoeg volledige studie af van een van de minder fraai kanten van de Belgische samenleving in 1940: de administratieve arrestatie en de wegvoering naar Frankrijk van enkele duizenden personen (de ‘verdachten’), Belgen of in België verblijvende vreemdelingen. De extreem-rechtse en pro-Duitse arrestanten hebben na hun vrijlating dit feit politiek in hun voordeel uitgebaat, waardoor volledig in de schaduw kwam te staan dat de overgrote meerderheid van de weggevoerden joodse mensen waren die in de jaren voor de oorlog naar België waren gevlucht. Dat het beeld van de wegvoeringen niet volledig is, is grotendeels te wijten aan het feit dat de meeste archieven die hierop betrekking hebben tijdens de meidagen van 1940 vernietigd werden. Met name de politieke besluitvorming over de wegvoeringen vertoont nog steeds schemerzones, zodat het vastleggen van verantwoordelijkheden ook vandaag nog een gewaagde onderneming is.________Deportations and the deported during the Maydays in 1940 By means of this book Frank Seberechts provides an almost complete study of one of the less admirable sides of Belgian society in 1940: the administrative arrest and the deportation to France of some thousands of people (‘the suspects’), Belgians or foreigners residing in Belgium. The extreme-right and pro-German detainees politically exploited this fact after they had been freed, but this completely overshadowed the point that the large majority of the deported people were Jews who had fled to Belgium during the years preceding the war. This incomplete portrayal of the deportations is mainly due to the fact that most of the archives relating to the events had been destroyed during the Maydays of 1940. The history of the political decision-making about the deportations in particular still shows many grey areas and it is therefore still a risky business even today to determine which people should be held accountable.

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