scholarly journals Philosophical models of cosmos of Pythagoras and Philolaus: from Antiquity until the beginning of Modern Age

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Andrei Valentinovich Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Nicolaus Copernicus ◽  
Practical Geometry ◽  
The Universe

This article determines the fundamental principles of the models of the Cosmos of Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570 – 500 BC) and Philolaus of Croton (c. 470 – c. 388 BC). The perception of Cosmos as “beauty” and “harmony” – one of the basic characteristics of Pythagorean approach towards cognition of the world; it “interweaves” with the rational perception of reality. The harmony of beauty is transformed into the harmony of numerical relations. The achievements of Pythagoreans, subsequently become one of the foundations of Plato's astronomical texts, who describes cosmology as exact scientific discipline. Nicolaus Copernicus resorts to Philolaus as his major predecessor. This article is first to analyze the symbolic elements of Philolaus’ model of Cosmos from the perspective of modern scientific knowledge. Based on the conducted analysis, the author advances a hypothesis on the noematic nature of the elements of Philolaus’ model of Cosmos, as well as indicates the significance of transposing the methods of practical geometry onto the theoretical fields of “celestial” space, independent from the direct measurements. The article describes the key principles of the model of the universe of Pythagoras of Samos and Philolaus of Croton; discusses reconstruction of Philolaus’ model of Cosmos by Ivan Nikolaevich Veselovsky and Sergey Viktorovich Zhitomirsky. Analysis is conducted on the continuity of the principles of the models of Cosmos of Philolaus and Nicolaus Copernicus.

On Ability of Scientific Knowledge to Comprehend Structure and Transformations of 21st Century

2010 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
M. Cheshkov
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Suitable Tool ◽  
The World ◽  
Transformation Processes

The research subject of the article is both world-entirety and a scientific knowledge of it. But not so much the world, a human and humanity are perceived as a contemporary scientific knowledge. The author sets a task to demonstrate that it may be a suitable tool for comprehension of a human and humanity. The realization of this potency requires rethinking of the Modern Age science introduced by a logical knowledge, which is, although necessary, no longer quite enough for understanding the reality shape as well as human and humanity transformation processes.

Information Systems and Systems Theory

2005 ◽  
pp. 1491-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovsei Gelman ◽  
Manuel Mora ◽  
Guisseppi Forgionne ◽  
Francisco Cervantes
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Doctoral Programs ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Intellectual Community ◽  
The World

The information systems (IS) field has been recognized as a scientific discipline since the 80’s, as indicated by: (i) the existence of an intellectual community related with doctoral programs and research centers around the world that generates scientific knowledge and solves practical problems using standard scientific procedures accepted and regulated by this community, and (ii) the diffusion of scientific knowledge related with IS through research outlets and research conferences under a rigorous peer-based review process.

The Political Theories of Modern Religious Pacifism

1943 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulford Q. Sibley
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Philosophy ◽  
Sharp Form ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
The World ◽  
Separate Treatment ◽  
The Universe

Almost every age in human history has developed philosophies of ethical and political pacifism which endeavor to treat in their own peculiar way questions raised by the realities of power and violence in human politics. The modern age being no exception, this essay has for its purpose an examination of the conceptions held by two major schools of pacifism in the political thought of the twentieth century. Although their philosophies are closely akin, they are yet sufficiently dissimilar in context and approach to justify separate treatment. With roots deep in the historic soil of past philosophies of non-violence, the twentieth-century interpretations yet strike a note of their own and pose in sharp form some of the most troublesome problems of modern politics.The first is Hindu pacifism. At its heart is Hindu religious philosophy, which holds to the conception of a world in which individuals are separated from the whole, or from God. Desire and lust after the things of the world constantly keep men from losing themselves in the Reality which this world tends to hide or make obscure. The universe is dualistic: the material is evil, the non-material, or spiritual, good.

Cosmology and Moral Philosophy

1998 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Dubrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Real World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
The Universe

The universe as a whole can be shown to consist of two worlds: the real world and the transcendental world. The real world is a multitude of passing things in a gravitational field: it is the world of nature, every unit of which is born (from the transcendental world), develops, degrades and dies (that is, it returns to the transcendental world). The transcendental world is the world of the integrated, nonpassing, unborn and undying, internally functioning Unity, which is the other side of the real world (so to speak) as roots to a tree and its branches in relation to the surface of the Earth. The fundamental science of the real world is theoretical physics. The transcendental world is also a 'physical' but energyless world. In this paper, I outline characteristics of the real world, and the basic characteristics of the transcendental world which are essential for constructing a theory about the functioning of the cosmological vacuum.

scholarly journals Rodzinne uwarunkowania kompetencji hermeneutycznych

2021 ◽  
pp. 241-256
Author(s):  
Barbara Klasińska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
Professional Skills ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The World

This article discusses hermeneutic competences not only comprehensively, but also vertically and horizontally, emphasizing their family determinants in particular. In such a proposed set and arrangement of content it seems possible not only to isolate the essence of those competences, but also deepen their understanding, or even initiate a dialogue and a discussion about the need for and possibilities of their improvement and acquisition during academic education for social professions. The basis of hermeneutic competences is understanding oneself, another human being, and the world and their deep, humanistic sense manifests itself in the attitude towards an individual, realised in interactions; a broad spectrum of knowledge oscillating around certainty and uncertainty and between scientific knowledge and knowledge based on biographical experience or practical professional skills; a capability of deepened reflection, endurance and acceptance of reality, even if it is opaque and not always possible to plan for, and not persuading ourselves and others that that we have everything under control.

‘A pinch of unseen, unguarded dust’: The World and Self in Thomas Hardy's Poems

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Monika Szuba
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Phenomenological Philosophy ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Recurrent Theme ◽  
Body Subject

The essay discusses selected poems from Thomas Hardy's vast body of poetry, focusing on representations of the self and the world. Employing Maurice Merleau-Ponty's concepts such as the body-subject, wild being, flesh, and reversibility, the essay offers an analysis of Hardy's poems in the light of phenomenological philosophy. It argues that far from demonstrating ‘cosmic indifference’, Hardy's poetry offers a sympathetic vision of interrelations governing the universe. The attunement with voices of the Earth foregrounded in the poems enables the self's entanglement in the flesh of the world, a chiasmatic intertwining of beings inserted between the leaves of the world. The relation of the self with the world is established through the act of perception, mainly visual and aural, when the body becomes intertwined with the world, thus resulting in a powerful welding. Such moments of vision are brief and elusive, which enhances a sense of transitoriness, and, yet, they are also timeless as the self becomes immersed in the experience. As time is a recurrent theme in Hardy's poetry, this essay discusses it in the context of dwelling, the provisionality of which is demonstrated in the prevalent sense of temporality, marked by seasons and birdsong, which underline the rhythms of the world.

Imaginings

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Kelly James Clark
Keyword(s):  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Intellectual Humility ◽  
First Order ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Group Violence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Universe

In Branden Thornhill-Miller and Peter Millican’s challenging and provocative essay, we hear a considerably longer, more scholarly and less melodic rendition of John Lennon’s catchy tune—without religion, or at least without first-order supernaturalisms (the kinds of religion we find in the world), there’d be significantly less intra-group violence. First-order supernaturalist beliefs, as defined by Thornhill-Miller and Peter Millican (hereafter M&M), are “beliefs that claim unique authority for some particular religious tradition in preference to all others” (3). According to M&M, first-order supernaturalist beliefs are exclusivist, dogmatic, empirically unsupported, and irrational. Moreover, again according to M&M, we have perfectly natural explanations of the causes that underlie such beliefs (they seem to conceive of such natural explanations as debunking explanations). They then make a case for second-order supernaturalism, “which maintains that the universe in general, and the religious sensitivities of humanity in particular, have been formed by supernatural powers working through natural processes” (3). Second-order supernaturalism is a kind of theism, more closely akin to deism than, say, Christianity or Buddhism. It is, as such, universal (according to contemporary psychology of religion), empirically supported (according to philosophy in the form of the Fine-Tuning Argument), and beneficial (and so justified pragmatically). With respect to its pragmatic value, second-order supernaturalism, according to M&M, gets the good(s) of religion (cooperation, trust, etc) without its bad(s) (conflict and violence). Second-order supernaturalism is thus rational (and possibly true) and inconducive to violence. In this paper, I will examine just one small but important part of M&M’s argument: the claim that (first-order) religion is a primary motivator of violence and that its elimination would eliminate or curtail a great deal of violence in the world. Imagine, they say, no religion, too.Janusz Salamon offers a friendly extension or clarification of M&M’s second-order theism, one that I think, with emendations, has promise. He argues that the core of first-order religions, the belief that Ultimate Reality is the Ultimate Good (agatheism), is rational (agreeing that their particular claims are not) and, if widely conceded and endorsed by adherents of first-order religions, would reduce conflict in the world.While I favor the virtue of intellectual humility endorsed in both papers, I will argue contra M&M that (a) belief in first-order religion is not a primary motivator of conflict and violence (and so eliminating first-order religion won’t reduce violence). Second, partly contra Salamon, who I think is half right (but not half wrong), I will argue that (b) the religious resources for compassion can and should come from within both the particular (often exclusivist) and the universal (agatheistic) aspects of religious beliefs. Finally, I will argue that (c) both are guilty, as I am, of the philosopher’s obsession with belief. 

PERCEPTION AND INTERPRETATION OF CREATIVITY OF ALISHER NAVOI IN FRENCH ORIENTAL STUDIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Mukhammadjon Holbekov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The World ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Precious Stones

The great Uzbek poet Alisher Navoi(1441-1501), during his lifetime, was widely known not only in his homeland, but also far beyond its borders. A contemporary and biographer of Navoi, the famous historian Hondemir, of course, not without some hyperbole, wrote: "He (Navoi -M.Kh.) in a short time took the cane of primacy from his peers; the fame of his talents spread to all ends of the world, and the stories of the firmness of his noble mind from mouth to mouth were innumerable.The pearls of his poetry adorned the leaves of the Book of Fates, the precious stones of his poetry filled the shells of the universe with pearls of beauty

The Theory of Accounting in the Context of Modern Paradigm of Scientific Knowledge

2017 ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
Vita Semanyuk
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Practical Activity ◽  
The World ◽  
World Level

Accounting as a practical activity was being developed during millennia but the final forming of accounting science is impossible without the development of its modern theory, which is correspondent to the requirements of scientific doctrines of the 21st century. The existing theory, in many cases, is not good at all and, in general, it is the set of technical approaches of realization of double record. The results of economic investigations of the world level show the impossibility of modern accounting science to fulfill its functions because of its conservative character and it was not changed during many years. All these investigations have a direct impact on economy and show that the understanding of the basic postulates changes and the stress is made on psychological and social aspects and avoiding of material ruling.

A book of protection: Hoja Ahmad Yassawi's "Devoni Hikmat"

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Khurshida Salimovna Safarova ◽  
Shakhnoza Islomovna Vosiyeva
Keyword(s):  
Moral Status ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Universe

Every great fiction book is a book that portrays the uniqueness of the universe and man, the difficulty of breaking that bond, or the weakening of its bond and the increase in human. The creation of such a book is beyond the reach of all creators, and not all works can illuminate the cultural, spiritual and moral status of any nation in the world by unraveling the underlying foundations of humanity. With the birth of Hoja Ahmad Yassawi's “Devoni Hikmat”, the Turkic nations were recognized as a nation with its own book of teaching, literally, the encyclopedia of enlightenment, truth and spirituality.

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