EXPOSURE TO SUBSTANCE USE IN THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT: THE EXPERIENCES OF ADOLESCENTS IN THE TSHWANE METROPOLE

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-343
Author(s):  
Stephan Geyer ◽  
Liana Le Roux ◽  
Herna Hall
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Social Environmental Factors

The premise of this study is that if exposure to substance use in the social environment of adolescents is understood, macro interventions could be recommended to promote adolescents’ right to live in a safe and sustainable environment. The aim of the study was to explore adolescents’ experiences of exposure to substance use in their social environment, other than the home. A qualitative research approach was adopted and 40 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Adolescent participants, of both genders between 11 and 18 years, were recruited across the Tshwane Metropole. The Social Learning Theory (SLT) underpinned this study as it offers concepts and principles for understanding how social environmental factors impact on adolescents’ behaviour. Key findings indicated that exposure to substance use are highly prevalent amongst adolescents in the Tshwane Metropole and could be normalised in their social reality. Recommendations are offered for appropriate macro interventions in line with a developmental approach.

scholarly journals Determinant of Diabetes Mellitus Focusing on Differences of Indonesian Culture: Case Studies in the Java and Outer Java Region in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-340
Author(s):  
Oktia W. K. Handayani ◽  
Efa Nugroho ◽  
Bertakalswa Hermawati
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Chronical Disease ◽  
Social Environmental Factors ◽  
And Behavior

Background: In 2017, Indonesia was ranked 6th in the world, with 10.3 million DM sufferers. Indonesia consists of many islands with diverse communities, diverse social and cultural environments, which allow different factors to affect the increasing number of DM cases. Objective: This research objective is to analyze the differences in the factors of the social environment, cultural environment, knowledge and behavior that are potential to DM in Java and outside Java. Methods: This research uses a quantitative approach with independent sample t-test data analysis techniques. The population was DM type 2 patients, with a sample size of 294 people. The technique was to determine the sample by accidental sampling in patients who seek treatment during prolanis (chronical disease management program) activities. The independent variables consist of social environment, cultural environment, knowledge and behavior. The dependent variable is DM disease. Data is equipped with qualitative data. Results: The results showed that there were differences between Javanese and Outer Java respondents on social environmental factors (t value 6.682), cultural environment (t value 5.752), knowledge (t value 7.079) and behavior (t value 16.579) with each Sig 0.000 value. All factors that are variables in this study have higher values in the Java region compared to those outside Java, and the highest difference is in the social environment variable (average difference of 3,979), which has an effect on very high behavioral differences (average differences average 6,037). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there are differences in the social environment, cultural environment, knowledge, and behavior that influence the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesian society.

The interplay of genetic influences and social processes in developmental theory: Specific mechanisms are coming into view

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID REISS ◽  
JENAE M. NEIDERHISER
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Developmental Theory ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Environmental Factors

In the coming years we can look forward to research that clarifies specific mechanisms that account for the interplay between genetic and environmental influences on psychological development. Certain misconceptions, arising from research traditions initiated by Francis Galton on the one hand and G. Stanley Hall on the other, may now be set aside in the light of new evidence. Three important findings promise a new synthesis. First, while each of us is born with about 100,000 genes that, under ordinary circumstances, do not change, the expression of these genes on behavior is dynamic. Some genetic influences are expressed early in development, but others are manifest many years later. Second, genetic factors often account not only for some of the individual differences in the measures of adjustments we typically use to monitor development but also for individual differences in environmental experiences that covary with those measures of adjustment. Indeed, genetic factors have been found to account for a surprising amount of covariance between measures of the social environment and of adjustment in young children, adolescents, and adults. Third, the expression of genetic influences are very malleable and responsive to the social environment. These new findings are revealing specific mechanisms for the interplay of genetic and social environmental factors in four domains. First, the social environment may play both a necessary and specific role in the expression of particular genetic influences on a range of behaviors from depression to social responsibility. Second, an understanding of the interplay between the social environment and genetics may lead to a clearer definition of the phenotypic manifestations of particular genetic influences. Third, we will—as a result of these studies—have a clearer fix on the timing of important events and their sequence in development. Fourth, this new genre of work promises to illumine more completely mechanisms by which the social environment influences development independent of genetic influence.

Integrasi Integritas dan Lingkungan Sosial untuk membentuk Reputasi: Analisis Sastra Hikmat Amsal 22:1-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-71
Author(s):  
Farel Yosua Sualang ◽  
Eden Edelyn Easter
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Wisdom Literature ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Social Environmental Factors

This article describes the integration of integrity and the social environment that shapes a person's reputation based on the study of Proverbs 22:1-2, which uses the research method of wisdom literature analysis with 4 (four) interpretations, namely: literal interpretation, context, structure and figures of speech. This study aims to discover a concept and a sustainable application of integrity and the social environment to one's reputation. Even so, many interpreters (such as Solomon Olusola Ademiluka, Kathrine J. Dell and Allen P. Ross, and others) only emphasized a one-way process from reputation to social environment. However, reputation is not a single concept but departs from the factor of integrity and the social environment in its use of Proverbs 22:1-2. This process is based on the author's explanation of the factors of integrity (Integrity towards Personality, Integrity towards Emotional Intelligence) and social environmental factors (Social Environment towards Social Relations and Social Environment towards Generosity) which are interrelated with one another.Artikel ini menjelaskan mengenai integrasi integritas dan lingkungan sosial yang membentuk reputasi seseorang berdasarkan studi Amsal 22:1-2, yang mana menggunakan metode penelitian analisis sastra hikmat dengan 4 (empat) penafsiran, yaitu: penafsiran literal, konteks, struktur dan kiasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan suatu konsep dan penerapan secara berkelanjutan terhadap integrasi integritas dan lingkungan sosial terhadap reputasi seseorang. Sekalipun banyak penafsir (seperti: Solomon Olusola Ademiluka, Kathrine J. Dell dan Allen P. Ross dan lain-lain) hanya menekankan suatu proses searah dari reputasi kepada lingkungan sosial. Namun, reputasi bukan sebuah konsep tunggal, melainkan berangkat dari faktor integritas dan lingkungan sosial dalam penggunaannya Amsal 22:1-2. Proses ini didasarkan kepada penjelasan penulis mengenai faktor integritas (Integritas ke arah Kepribadian, Integritas ke arah Kecerdasan Emosional) dan faktor lingkungan sosial (Lingkungan Sosial ke arah Relasi Sosial dan Lingkungan Sosial ke arah Murah Hati) yang saling berkaitan satu dengan lainnya.

scholarly journals RELIGIOSITY AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: A STUDY OF CONSUMPTION PATTERNS FOR ALCOHOLIC AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AMONG ANIMIST, CHRISTIAN AND MUSLIM CONSUMERS IN THE CONTEXT OF GHANA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-261
Author(s):  
Dr. Théophile Bindeouè Nassè ◽  
Naab Francis Xavier ◽  
Bismark Boateng ◽  
Nicolas Carbonell ◽  
Justice Agyei Ampofo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Voice Recorder

Researchers' interest in consumer religiosity and behavior is explained by the fact that religion influences not only the social behavior of individuals, but also their consumption behavior. Most of the studies on the subject come from Western and Asian countries with a few of such studies been conducted in Africa and particularly in Ghana. The aim of this paper is to explore the concepts of religiosity and consumer behavior in Ghana, in order to consider the role of culture in the management and marketing of industrial products. Ghana is a country where religion plays an important role in shaping lives and ensuring community cohesion. However, a determined part of the believers contributes to increasing the consumption of industrial beverages, and the obliviousness in the marketing sector also seems to be a barrier that slows the production and consumption of non-alcoholic industrial beverages. The research approach is exploratory and qualitative. The collection of qualitative data is done with the aid of a SONY voice recorder through some semi-structured interviews. Then, the qualitative data are transcribed manually and verbatim analyzed. The results show that in the context of Ghana, religiosity of believers affects the behavior of the consumer and that consumer behavior towards non-alcoholic industrial beverages affects religiosity. Keywords: Religiosity, Consumer Behavior, Industrial Beverages, Consumption, Marketing, Ghana.

scholarly journals Managing corporate identities of non-profit organisations in the social welfare sector

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lida Holtzhausen
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Identity Management ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Corporate Identity ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Present-day South Africa is characterised by many societal and developmental issues, such as HIV awareness and prevention, child-headed households, environmental protection, poverty alleviation, violence and victim aid. However, it is widely acknowledged that government alone cannot address these issues effectively. The role of non-profit organisations (NPOs) in addressing social and development issues is increasingly emphasised. NPOs work at grass-roots level and they can therefore, on the whole, identify societal vulnerabilities and risks earlier than the government sector. However, due to the economic recession, NPOs operate in a competitive environment where an increasing number of NPOs rely on a small number of donors and other resources. NPOs should therefore differentiate themselves from the competition in order to obtain public legitimacy and funding. Corporate identity management is important for NPOs to fulfil their role in social welfare and thus contribute to disaster risk reduction. The exploratory nature of this study dictates a qualitative research approach. Semi-structured interviews with management of five NPOs in the social welfare sector were conducted in order to provide an answer to the study’s research question: ‘To what extent do NPOs in the social welfare sector practise corporate identity management, in order to prevent and address social welfare risks?’ The research found that NPOs do not realise the full potential of managing their corporate identities. NPOs therefore do not take advantage of a strong and distinct corporate identity which would allow them to ensure their ability to assess, address, reduce and/or alleviate vulnerabilities and disaster risks.

scholarly journals The neighborhood social environment and physical activity: a systematic scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maura M. Kepper ◽  
Candice A. Myers ◽  
Kara D. Denstel ◽  
Ruth F. Hunter ◽  
Win Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Environmental Correlates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Social Environmental

Abstract Background Investigating the association of the neighborhood social environment on physical activity is complex. A systematic scoping review was performed to (1) provide an inventory of studies assessing the influence of the neighborhood social environment on physical activity since 2006; (2) describe methodologies employed; and (3) formulate recommendations for the field. Methods Two databases were searched using terms related to ‘physical activity,’ ‘neighborhood,’ and ‘social environment’ in January 2017. Eligibility criteria included: 1) physical activity as an outcome; 2) neighborhood social environment as a predictor; 3) healthy population (without diagnosed clinical condition or special population); 4) observational or experimental design. Of 1352 studies identified, 181 were included. Textual data relevant to the social environment measurement and analysis were extracted from each article into qualitative software (MAXQDA) and coded to identify social environmental constructs, measurement methods, level of measurement (individual vs. aggregated to neighborhood), and whether authors explicitly recognized the construct as the social environment. The following measures were generated for each construct: number of unique measurements; % of times measured at an aggregate level; % of times authors referred to the construct as the social environment. Social environmental constructs were then grouped into larger descriptive dimensions. Results/findings Fifty-nine social environmental constructs were identified and grouped into 9 dimensions: Crime & Safety (n = 133 studies; included in 73% of studies); Economic & Social Disadvantage (n = 55, 33%); Social Cohesion & Capital (n = 47, 26%); Social Relationships (n = 22, 12%); Social Environment (n = 16, 9%); Disorder & Incivilities (n = 15, 8%); Sense of Place/Belonging (n = 8, 4%); Discrimination/Segregation (n = 3, 2%); Civic Participation & Engagement (n = 2, 1%). Across all articles, the social environment was measured using 176 different methods, was measured at an aggregate-level 38% of the time, and referred to as the social environment 23% of the time. Conclusions Inconsistent terminology, definitions, and measurement of the social environment and the lack of explicit language identifying constructs as the social environment make it challenging to compare results across studies and draw conclusions. Improvements are needed to increase our understanding of social environmental correlates and/or determinants of physical activity and facilitate cross-disciplinary conversations necessary to effectively intervene to promote physical activity. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42017059580.

Mapping Right to be Forgotten frames: Reflexivity and empirical payoffs at the intersection of network discourse and mixed network methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1245-1265
Author(s):  
Rebekah Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Research Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Internet Privacy ◽  
Right To Be Forgotten ◽  
Mixed Network ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
Networked Public Sphere ◽  
Network Mapping

Networks are almost ubiquitous in the social sciences, in terms of method and structure. Dominant discourses around networks–concerning their purported democratic, progressive values and capacities–also impact how they are approached in research. This article illustrates the potential of this impact by tracing the trajectory and findings of a project focused on networked discussion of an Internet privacy debate. Using mixed methods—hyperlink network mapping, textual analysis (qualitative and quantitative), and semi-structured interviews—I examine online framing of a controversial data protection concept, the Right to be Forgotten. Initial, more “traditional” research approaches allowed for insight only into the most central and visible frames and sources. This led to a reorientation of research approach. In attempt to diversify sources and framings, I began focusing on the margins and off the “networked public sphere.” This article thus also recounts the significant empirical findings that resulted from such reflexivity and reorientation.

scholarly journals Exploring common stressors in physical education: A qualitative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Tudor ◽  
Mustafa Sarkar ◽  
Christopher Spray
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Attitudes Toward School ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
School Students ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Environmental Demands

Daily stressors, or hassles, refer to the everyday environmental demands that constitute a threat or challenge, or exceed an individual’s biological or psychological capacities. Increasing evidence suggests that daily stressors have a significant impact on adolescents’ educational outcomes, for example, performance, wellbeing and negative attitudes toward school; however, there is limited research examining the concept of common stressors in physical education (PE) lessons. As early adolescence is a developmental period associated with decreased engagement in PE, it is important to identify the environmental stressors that may be associated with increased disengagement. The study included 54 secondary school students and six PE teachers from five schools in the English Midlands. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted and a thematic analysis was applied to the interview transcripts. Three higher order themes were identified from the data: the social environment; the physical and organisational environment; and the performance environment. Common stressors within the social environment included: interpersonal transactions between peers; differences in effort levels during PE; and working outside one’s peer group. Stressors within the physical and organisational environment consisted of environmental situations within the changing facilities and the availability of activities. Finally, performance environment stressors included: situations involving the difficult acquisition of physical skills; and situations where physical appearance and physical competencies were exposed. The study extends previous findings by identifying potentially threatening and frustrating environmental demands that have not been identified in the previous literature. The current study is the first to explore the typical stressors that are experienced by students in PE.

scholarly journals Facebook: A School Librarian’s Tool for Building a Community of Readers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulette Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Social Learning Theory ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
The Social ◽  
Literature Circle

In this paper Facebook is examined as an educational tool that can be used to facilitate the development of literacy skills. The philosophical assumptions underlying the Social Development Theory by Vygotsky and the Social Learning Theory by Bandura were used to substantiate the benefits students can gain from learning in a social environment such as Facebook. Librarians can help students to develop their literacy skills, by using the Literature Circle on facebook. Assigning readers roles such as literary luminary, synthesizer, analyzer, and evaluator and rotating these roles will allow readers to develop the various literacy skills overtime and to avoid monotony.

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