OBSŁUGA TRANSPORTOWA MAŁYCH MIAST

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Andrzej ZALEWSKI ◽  
Jan KEMPA
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
The Town

The main problem connected with transport in small towns is an efficient passage of the transit route through the town. Road traffic planning is considered to be vital, which in many cases is not possible due to high costs. Another effective solution is calming the traffic along the route through towns, especially in the central areas, with lowering the speed limit to 30-40 kph (exceptionally allowing 50 kph). In this way, a consensus is achieved between the needs of traffic and town’s functioning. In consequence, the status of “priority for the town” is thus given. Ample experience confirms that there is a significant improvement in traffic safety on the main road, including: decrease in the number of deaths, reduction of traffic speed, improvement in the safety of vulnerable road users, improvement in the aesthetics and appearance of public space, improving parking conditions and reducing air pollution. Effects are achieved by reducing the speed and rebuilding of street sections. In the cross-sections of streets, new solutions for pedestrian and bicycle traffic develop the public space, which in this way becomes friendly to residents. Linear infrastructure for bicycles may be limited only to a road with a high car traffic density. The planned road solution must be integrally connected with spatial development. The threshold of road nuisance perceptible on the street in a small town is lower than in medium-sized and large cities. The average annual traffic daily volume should not exceed 5000 vpd. In the aspect of protection of living environment conditions, traffic intensity on small town streets should be by half lower (<2000 vpd), which means a moderate traffic function of the street.  

scholarly journals Analysis of Traffic Accidents in the Area of Small Towns in the Republic of Croatia

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Vinko Višnjić ◽  
Marko Pušić
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Town

The safety of road traffic in small towns in the Republic of Croatia is not at a satisfactory level. As proof, the safety of road traffic participants in the area of the town of Nova Gradiška and its wider environment has been studied and analyzed. The paper includes the available data in the period from 2000 to 2007. The analysis and the assessment of road traffic safety can be applied also to other towns and counties of the Republic of Croatia. Having in mind that there are 531 settlements in the Republic of Croatia (119 towns and 412 districts), out of which only 78 are larger than 10,000 inhabitants or 14.69% of the total number, which means that the analysis could be made for any settlement in the Republic of Croatia. The road traffic safety assessment was conceived according to the modified Smeed model which may be applied for any settlement or town. The road traffic safety analysis has led to the conclusion that safety of all the traffic participants is endangered. This paper provides solutions about what has to be done in order to reduce the danger to all the road traffic factors. KEY WORDS: drivers, traffic, traffic accidents, safety and small towns

scholarly journals Living in a leisure town: residential reactions to the growth of popular tourism in Southend, 1870–1890

Urban History ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID CHURCHILL
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Social ◽  
Resort Towns ◽  
The Town

ABSTRACT:While historical interest in the seaside has grown appreciably in recent times, much of the literature remains preoccupied with issues specific to resort towns. This article examines the social dynamics of the seaside town more broadly, through a study of Southend residents in the 1870s and 1880s. It analyses their discussions of working-class tourists and the industries which catered for them, before examining attempts to regulate the use of public space in the town. This is a study of rapid urbanization in a small town, and how social perceptions and relations were reconfigured in this context.

Safety Urban Planning and Design Based on Disaster Prevention, Crime Prevention and Psychological Safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Jinke Yang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The Public ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Planning And Design

In order to ensure the public safety of residential areas, starting with the urban public safety of Xi'an, the construction environment of defense safety, fire safety and traffic safety, and the public safety environment of residential areas are investigated. According to the characteristics of housing in Xi'an planned economy era and market economy era, the existing situation is analyzed from the aspects of overall planning layout, road traffic space, building monomer, public activity space, greening space, and lighting facilities. Based on the analysis results, the principles of planning and design of public safety space environment in Xi'an residential areas are put forward. The planning and design methods of residential space environment are discussed and studied in detail from the aspects of residential defense safety, fire safety, and traffic safety, so as to provide reference for the planning and design of urban residential safety and to create a safe, healthy and harmonious living environment for residents.

scholarly journals Real-Time Communication Support for Cooperative, Infrastructure-Based Traffic Safety Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Böhm ◽  
Magnus Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Ieee 802.11P ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Road Side Unit ◽  
Traffic Safety Applications ◽  
Safety Applications

The implementation of ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) services offers great potential to improve the level of safety, efficiency and comfort on our roads. Although cooperative traffic safety applications rely heavily on the support for real-time communication, the Medium Access Control (MAC) mechanism proposed for the upcoming IEEE 802.11p standard, intended for ITS applications, does not offer deterministic real-time support, that is, the access delay to the common radio channel is not upper bounded. To address this problem, we present a framework for a vehicle-to-infrastructure-based (V2I) communication solution extending IEEE 802.11p by introducing a collision-free MAC phase assigning each vehicle an individual priority based on its geographical position, its proximity to potential hazards and the overall road traffic density. Our solution is able to guarantee the timely treatment of safety-critical data, while minimizing the required length of this real-time MAC phase and freeing bandwidth for best-effort services (targeting improved driving comfort and traffic efficiency). Furthermore, we target fast connection setup, associating a passing vehicle to an RSU (Road Side Unit), and proactive handover between widely spaced RSUs. Our real-time MAC concept is evaluated analytically and by simulation based on a realistic task set from a V2I highway merge assistance scenario.

Reworking the Geography of the Long Boom; The Small Town Experience of Restructuring in Reefton, New Zealand

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1381-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Conradson ◽  
E Pawson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Economic Base ◽  
The West ◽  
Domestic Industry ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Key Features ◽  
The Town

During the postwar long boom, the economic, political, and cultural configurations adopted to regulate the crisis tendencies of capitalism in New Zealand were broadly those of social democracy. Key features of social democratic policy in this period were the assistance of primary production through subsidies, the protection of domestic industry, a well-developed welfare state, and the promotion of economic development in marginal places and regions. These regulatory arrangements found expression as a distinctive geography of the long boom. In small towns this was typified by clusters of agencies associated with the state's intervention in production and its provision of infrastructure. Local employment was often concentrated in these agencies. We examine the nature of such a geography during the long boom in Reefton, a small town on the West Coast of the South Island, and its subsequent reworking during the restructuring of the 1980s. This reworking is explored through a focus on the major state and private sector workplaces within the town's economic base and their employees. As key influences upon the newly emerging geography of the town, the forms of local governance that are being adopted in order to attract the spending and investment lost during restructuring are examined.

Research on Solutions to Small Town Planning and Construction in Inner Mongolia

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 590-593
Author(s):  
Li Ping Sun
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Planning And Construction ◽  
The Town ◽  
Small Town Planning

There are many problems existing in small town planning in Inner Mongolia. After analyzing the causes of these problems, some solutions to them are put forward, such as, strengthen the control of the planning and work out the perfect town planning system, carry out the strategy of sustainable development, keep personality of the town and highlight town features, speed up the construction of key town and drive the rapid development of small towns, etc.

scholarly journals Elderly-oriented Reconstruction Plans of Outer Public Space in Small Town Communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 04079
Author(s):  
Yutong Zhao ◽  
Wanxu Zeng ◽  
Yuhong Zhou ◽  
Rongyongzhong Luo ◽  
Zhihong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Security Model ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Residential Communities

Along with accelerated “elderly-oriented” process, solving all kinds of social problems brought by elderly-oriented population has become our nation’s urgent task. At present, home-based care plays a significant role in old-age security model in China. Besides, the key step to promote harmonious development of society is to build a living environment suitable for the elders. In recent decades, we have built large numbers of residential communities. Environment quality of outer public space of some buildings is not suitable for elders to live. This thesis adopted some research methods such as document analysis, field research and questionnaire survey. The objects of thesis are residential communities built during 1910s to 1920s in Dujiangyan City. This thesis analysed the satisfaction and demands of elders for the communities’ outer space environment and communities’ public space environment. After considering elders’ characteristics and demands, this thesis put forward plans for elderly-oriented reconstruction of outer public space in small town communities from five aspects: community entrance and exit space, activity space, road system, lighting and marking system and public green, effectively optimized and improved the environment quality of outer public space of the communities.

scholarly journals Correlation between Elderly Migrants’ Needs and Environmental Adaptability: A Discussion Based on Human Urbanization Features

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5068
Author(s):  
Yi Hua ◽  
Zhi Qiu ◽  
Wenjing Luo ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Zhu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Community ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Elderly Migrants ◽  
Environmental Adaptability ◽  
Community Environments ◽  
Rural Group

Building concentrated resettlement community in small towns is mostly used to deal with resettlement construction for rural migrants in economically developed regions in China, which leads to migrants’ living environment changing from rural settlements where production and living are intertwined to an urban community that only supports living functions. However, the urbanized environment is contrary to elderly migrants’ behavior, resulting in contradictions or conflicts between migrants and resettlement communities, reflecting a lack of urbanization synchronization between migrants and resettlement community environments. Further, elderly migrants are also equipped with different degrees and types of urbanization characteristics, thus reflecting different abilities to adapt to the urban community environment. Based on the corresponding relationship between people’s different production and living needs and urbanization, this research starts by investigating the production and living needs of elderly migrants, and further clarifies the environmental adaptability of elderly migrants by sorting the types and characteristics of urbanization of elderly migrants to provide a reference basis for the planning and construction of future resettlement areas. The research uses questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to investigate the population attributes and characteristics of elderly migrants, as well as their different needs for production and living. The research uses hierarchical cluster analysis, the one-way ANOVA test and Chi-square test to constructed a four-quadrant model on human urbanization features: an Urban Group with both living and production urbanized (Group H-H); a Half-urban-half-rural Group with only living needs urbanized (Group H-L); a Half-urban-Half-rural Group with only production needs urbanized (Group L-H); and a Rural group with both living and production needs not urbanized (Group L-L). Finally, based on the results, this research proposed three elderly environment construction orientations of “Promote the Supply Level of Urban Public Services”, “Create a Place That Embodies the Spirit of Immigrants’ Homeland”, and “Moderate Consideration of Agricultural Production Needs” for residential planning.

scholarly journals COVID Lockdowns, Social Distancing, and Fatal Car Crashes: More Deaths on Hobbesian Highways?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 238-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall W. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Research Question What happened to US traffic safety during the first US COVID-19 lockdown, and why was the pattern the opposite of that observed in previous sudden declines of traffic volume? Data National and local statistics on US traffic volume, traffic fatalities, injury accidents, speeding violations, running of stop signs, and other indicators of vehicular driving behavior, both in 2020 and in previous US economic recessions affecting the volume of road traffic. Methods Comparative analysis of the similarities and differences between the data for the COVID-19 lockdown in parts of the USA in March 2020 and similar data for the 2008–2009 global economic crisis, as well as other US cases of major reductions in traffic volume. Findings The volume of traffic contracted sharply once a COVID-19 national emergency was declared and most states issued stay-at-home orders, but motor vehicle fatality rates, injury accidents, and speeding violations went up, and remained elevated even as traffic began returning toward normal. This pattern does not fit post-World War II recessions where fatality rates declined with the volume of traffic nor does the 2020 pattern match the pattern during World War II when traffic dropped substantially with little change in motor vehicle fatality rates. Conclusions The findings are consistent with a theory of social distancing on highways undermining compliance with social norms, a social cost of COVID which, if not corrected, poses potential long-term increases in non-compliance and dangerous driving.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document