scholarly journals Religious and cultural space of Chasovennye Old Believers in illustrations to their new-printed books

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
Александр Валерьевич Костров ◽  
Юлия Валерьевна Елохина
Keyword(s):  
Basic Element ◽  
General Character ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
The One ◽  
Contemporary Development ◽  
Textual Content

Literacy is a basic element of Old Belief culture. Alongside with early printed books being retained and reproduced, script books and manuscripts have always been an integral part of the movement. To a large extent, the tradition was maintained by the Chasovennye (“chapel goers”, a non-priestly faction among Old Believers), who strictly adhered to the rule of never publishing their literature in “external” printing houses. In Yenisei Siberia, where they owned no printing housess, skete scriptoria were used as workshops for manuscripts to be hand-copied, illustrated and bound, thus producing handmade books.  However, the ongoing process of creating the literature they required and the growing social demand for it provided the impetus for the developing soglasie (accord) to reconsider a number of doctrinal attitudes and principles and to start producing their own books, first hand-written and then printed in semi-uncial script (poluustav), in printing houses located in cities. These new-printed books were the phenomenon of the contemporary culture of the Chasovennye Old Believers in Krasnoyarsk region, Tuva and other regions of the country and in the world. Along with the textual content of the books, of great interest is the tradition of illustrating them, inseparably linking the tradition of in designing Old Believers’ printed books and manuscripts, to the innovative approach manifested in the apparent influence imposed by Russian and foreign (predominantly American) art with which contemporary skete indigenes are well acquainted. The evident traces of such influence are indicative of the general character of the group’s contemporary culture evolving.    Of particular interest are the ways of portraying characters, objects, and loci of religious and cultural space of this relatively closed group. If considered from a comprehensive perspective, they represent visual self-reflection of their church. Their interaction with the text, on the one hand, allows implementing the doctrine, and on the other hand, manifests the logic of contemporary development of skete art. Thus it becomes possible to trace the development of both the artist’s mindset and that of the addressee of the artist’s works, that is members of the of Chasovennye accord.

‘HOW HARD AN ENTERPRISE IT IS’: AUTHORIAL SELF-FASHIONING IN JOHN DOWLAND’S PRINTED BOOKS

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 43-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Title Page ◽  
The Other ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
The One ◽  
Intellectual Activities ◽  
Modern Sense

The naming of John Dowland as ‘Author’ on the title page of his publication The First Booke of Songes or Ayres (1597) suggests a proprietary relationship between the composer and his work. This proprietary relationship is, perhaps, reinforced with the alignment of Dowland’s intellectual activities as ‘author’ with the notions of ‘composition’ and ‘invention’ in the same passage. All three terms could be used by the late sixteenth century to refer to notions of creativity, individual intellectual labour or origination. While many early examples of the use of ‘author’ refer specifically to God or Christ as creator, such as Chaucer’s declaration that ‘The auctour of matrimonye is Christ’, by the sixteenth century it was increasingly used to refer to an individual originator of intellectual or artistic creation closer to the modern sense of the word. Its sixteenth-century usage is, for instance, reflected in the title ‘A tretys, excerpte of diverse labores of auctores’, or as in a reference in 1509 to ‘The noble actor plinius’. Likewise, ‘invent’ or ‘inventor’ could be used to refer to the process of individual intellectual creation, exemplified by its use in 1576 ‘Your brain or your wit, and your pen, the one to invent and devise, the other to write’, while ‘compose’ could mean to make, to compose in words, ‘to write as author’ or, more specifically, to write music.

scholarly journals To Publish, Make Known and Sell or Promoting Printed Books in the Incunabula Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-356
Author(s):  
Lucia Lichnerová
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The One

The study To Publish, Make Known and Sell is based on verified existence of competition tensions between the 15th century typographers/publishers, related to the absence of functional regulatory tools of book production of the incunabula period. The increase in the number of book-printers within the relatively narrow geographical area, disregard of publishers’ privileges, the emergence of pirated reprints, as well as insufficient self-promotion on the book market through introducing novelties had concentrated typographers’ attention on devising new tools of securing their triumph in publisher’s competition – the so called book advertisements. The author has analysed 44 promotional posters of the incunabula period from several points of view and attempted to identify their design elements, which on the one hand showed signs of certain standardization, while on the other hand they were subject to personal creativity of their creator. She gives detailed overview of the circumstances of the origin, typographic design and contents of book advertisements of several kinds within the context of promoting either the existing or planned editions, of one edition or a group of books; specifically focusing on the unique types of advertising. In conclusion, the author cites the circumstances of the extinction of book advertisements related to the rise of the new promotional tool – booksellers’ catalogue and submits a bibliography of the book advertisements dating from the 15th century.

scholarly journals Authorial Self and Modernity as Reflected in Diaries and Memoirs. Three 19th-Century Hungarian Case Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Béla Mester
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Individual Character ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One

Abstract The role of the diaries and memoirs in the process of the conscious self-reflection and their contribution to the emergence of modern individual personalities are well-known facts of the intellectual history. The present paper intends to analyze a special form of the creation of modern individual character; it is the self-creation of the writer as a conscious personality, often with a clearly formulated opinion about her/his own social role. There will be offered several examples from the 19th-century history of the Hungarian intelligentsia. This period is more or less identical with the modernization of the “cultural industry” in Hungary, dominated by the periodicals with their deadlines, fixed lengths of the articles, and professional editing houses on the one hand and the cultural nation building on the other. Concerning the possible social and cultural role of the intelligentsia, it is the moment of the birth of a new type, so-called public intellectual. I will focus on three written sources, a diary of a Calvinist student of theology, Péter (Litkei) Tóth, the memoirs of an influential public intellectual, Gusztáv Szontagh, and a belletristic printed diary of a young intellectual, János Asbóth.

scholarly journals Mytens tvang

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Albinus
Keyword(s):  
Blind Spot ◽  
The Other ◽  
Instrumental Reason ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Negative Dialectics ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The purpose of the article is to show how the negative dialectics of Adorno gets involved with a concept of myth that is questionable in several respects. First of all, Adorno tries to combine, but rather conflates, two understandings of myth. On the one hand, the concept of myth is defined as the ancient Greek mythos, in which the subject of man is projected on to nature; on the other hand, myth is defined as the backfire of enlightenment, in which self-reflection becomes the blind spot of instrumental reason. Along these lines of argument, Adorno’s interpretation of Homer, which, at any rate, is highly inspiring, attempts to demonstrate that Odysseus is already enlightened in that he keeps the myth at bay in order to gain his self. The point is, as a matter of dialectic necessity, that he just ends up in myth once again, albeit in the second sense, namely by being a victim of his own self-denial. A question that seems to remain unanswered, though, is how the two kinds of myth are related. Further, Adorno draws on a problematic distinction between myth and literature in order to claim that Homer separates himself from the realm of myth. By adopting Adorno’s own game of interpretation, however, it is possible to regard myth as such, including the Homeric one, as being contingently open-ended rather than just a matter of dialectic determination.

scholarly journals Penelitian Terhadap Kriteria dan Tekstual Ijazah Sanad Al-Quran

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-92
Author(s):  
Norazman Alias ◽  
Khairul Anuar Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Current Trend ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Textual Content

The method of ijazah (permission) sanad (authority) of al-Quran in Malaysia is still relatively unfamiliar and unknown to most people in Malaysia. Perhaps this practice is exclusive to the Quranic teachers, huffaz (who have memorized) of the Quran, and students of higher education. Furthermore, among the Quranic sanad holders are those who have obtained it through the Qur'anic talaqqi (acquisition) program coordinated by organizational authorities within and outside of the country such as Sultan Ismail Petra International Islamic College of Kelantan, Al Mufid Studies Center of Terengganu, Al-Azhar Maahad Qiraat of Egypt, International Islamic University of Madinah and many more. In fact, the current trend shows that many people and scholars in the field of Quranic studies especially from Arab countries have been invited to conduct home-based Quranic talaqqi programs. This is especially the case for programs organized by Ainhafeez Enterprise and Khozandaroh Studies Center of Selangor. These programs contribute more to the understanding of public towards the substantiality of the Quranic ijazah sanad that has been traditionally practiced since the time of revelation. In light of this phenomenon, there are some important issues such as the understanding of the component and the textual content of Quranic sanad among the sanad holders that need to be addressed and refined by the organizers. This process of ijazah sanad is of importance since the textual content is utterly different from other discipline of Islamic sciences like hadith or ijazah of classical turath (heritage) books. Therefore, this study discusses the concept of ijazah sanad of al-Quran as well as the textual content of Quranic sanad. This qualitative study employs library-based and deductive method in analyzing textual content of Quranic sanad in order to fulfill the fundamental characterization of Quranic sanad sciences. The preliminary findings show the diversities of textual content of Quranic sanad all over the world are unbridged from important items of Quranic sanad written text such as title, awarding body and recipient, official stamp and signature including other information. Accordingly, the understanding of textual content of Quranic sanad is essential for its preservation apart from refinement of sharia’s demand and contemporary culture. Having a proper understanding of the Quranic sanad, the transmission of this tradition from one generation to another can be confined within trustees and not be awarded to the outsiders.

On Global English and the Transmutation of Postcolonial Studies into “Literature in English”

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-80
Author(s):  
Rita Raley
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Imperialism ◽  
Diaspora Studies ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Global English ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Language Question

What does it signify to speak of a World Literature in English? In what ways might diaspora studies and transnationalism be linked to the contemporary phenomenon of global English, with a mode of comprehending the world that holds English at its center? What can diaspora studies and transnationalism learn from the “language question” frequently raised in discussions of both cultural imperialism and postcolonial writing? What can they learn from the question of globalism now so ubiquitous in contemporary criticism? How does the Literature in English concept relate, on the one hand, to Edouard Glissant's outline of the “liberation” that results from compromising major languages with Creoles (250), and, on the other, to Fredric Jameson's implicit yearning for a philosophical universal linguistic standard not circumvented by linguistic heteroglossia (16-7)? These questions outline the conceptual terrain of this article, in which I read the discursive transmutation of the discipline of Postcolonial Studies into “Literature in English” as both symptom and cause of the emerging visibility of global English as a recognizable disciplinary configuration situated on the line between contemporary culture and the academy. Over the course of this article, I chart this discursive transmutation and its necessary preconditions—the critical investiture in the “global,” the renewed attention to dialects, the abstraction of the “postcolonial”—as a way of articulating profound reservations about the “new universalisms,” of which Literature in English is a primary instance.

Would a Virtuous Person Grandstand?

Grandstanding ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 119-138
Author(s):  
Justin Tosi ◽  
Brandon Warmke
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
General Character ◽  
Virtuous Person ◽  
Will To Power ◽  
Slave Revolt ◽  
Right Reason ◽  
Moral Talk ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

This chapter discusses moral grandstanding from the standpoint of virtue ethics. Three common approaches to virtue ethics are considered. A virtuous person would not grandstand according to the classical conception of virtue, on which virtue is doing the right thing for the right reason. People would be disappointed if they found out that a widely admired, historic speech turned out to be grandstanding. Vanity, the general character trait most closely associated with grandstanding, is not plausibly a virtue according to virtue consequentialism. Finally, grandstanding is an abuse of morality, like the one Nietzsche labels the slave revolt in morals, as grandstanders use moral talk as an underhanded shortcut to satisfy their will to power.

ICT Aided Education for People's Empowerment

2011 ◽  
pp. 2449-2457
Author(s):  
Ashok Banerji ◽  
Saswata Basu
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Dissemination ◽  
Present System ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Awareness Information ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

It is widely recognised that knowledge and education are the key factors that need attention to eradicate poverty. Yet the poorest sections of the community have the least access to conventional means of gaining knowledge and education. Thus we are witnessing a polarized world where on the one side we would find an “information elite” and on the other, the digitally illiterates or excluded. Such a position is very apparent from the world map of the Internet users (Zooknic, 2003). This paradox is common in the developing countries across the globe. The gap between population groups and accessibility to knowledge resources is widening as the awareness, information, as well as education and skill development efforts fail to reach the right target. The major reason for this lies with the present system of knowledge dissemination and not with knowledge resources. India, where literacy is still very low, cannot simply rely on printed books for effective education and knowledge dissemination.

scholarly journals Organizational Culture as a Variable that Determines Effective Cross-cultural Management

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Wiśniewska-Mikosik
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Basic Element ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Cross Cultural Management ◽  
The One

Abstract Traditionally, organizational culture is strongly connected with the culture of a particular country or a region. In Poland more and more organizations have been paying attention to it since the beginning of transformation. Managers and employees are increasingly putting an emphasis on the intentional development of culture in their own business, also during trainings, as this is an important element of organizational success. However, in Poland, which is a conglomerate of various cultural patterns, specifying one common reference point as the main determinant and the basic element of organizational culture in Polish companies is not easy. The transfer of Polish cultural patterns into a different area usually creates problems. Polish organizations also struggle with adopting other cultural patterns. Globalisation and the process of “shrinking” the world lead to the development of international organizations. As a result, new types of organizational culture can be observed. This can be called a blend of cultures or multiculturalism. Managing in such conditions is cross-cultural management. Organizations, managers and employees have to act in such a way in order to, on the one hand, maintain their cultural identity, on the other hand, skilfully adapt and implement elements from other cultures. This gives organizations an opportunity to be creative and competitive in today’s market.

scholarly journals Ethic of responsibility and the future of nature

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Miso Kulic
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Second Nature ◽  
Essential Question ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Free Thought ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
The One

The question of science is the one that concerns the very foundations of our reality and, in addition to that, it is a question that deals not only with our natural reality, with what was once called the "natural nature", but also with social and technological reality produced by science itself, which for a long time now is our second nature. Science has become not only the instrument by which we try to understand the reality of nature, through the process of creating reality, forming and transforming nature, it has become the reality in which we live itself, and without which, as it seems, we could hardly go on living. However, even though science as an instrument for understanding reality has become the reality which we have produced ourselves, we are still, paradoxically enough, far from answering the essential question: What is science? Since the question of science is at the same time the one of the production of reality, it is obvious that the question "what is science?" does not amount to a self-evident question asked by a scientist regarding his scientific field. It is not only a question concerning the nature of scientific knowledge, or of scientific methods of scientific results achieved. What is at stake here is the insight concerning social and political usage of science, that the reality, which is produced by the sciences, reveals to us even in the forms of its deification, manipulation, ideologization and virtualization. Is persevering in its science-Enlightenment paradigm of human emancipation or does it, on the wave of critical self-reflection spanning all the way through the 20th century, more and more question, as Paul Feyerabend (Against Method) does, the extent of constraints imposed on free thought which it produces itself? Of course, the other side of the questioning itself belongs here too: scientific progress can be evaluated regardless of its consequences, of the dangerous threats it poses to our future: nuclear annihilation, ecological pollution or climate changes which endanger the survival of the living world ? 

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