scholarly journals Dinamika Ketenagakerjaan pada Wilayah Pedesaan Lahan Kering di Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Winarso
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Employment Dynamics ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Labour Participation

Indonesian Population increasing, the other side of the jobs that are limited, it is problems. As a country, agraris reality shows that availability of jobs was largely in agriculture sector. Inhabitant of indonesia development increasing while on the other side of the jobs that are limited, it is still problems. Its reality shows that availability of jobs was largely in agriculture sector. This was demonstrated by the source of livelihood largely from agriculture. As we know that in a domicile of agricultural labors being in the region with agroekosystem dryland which is sometimes tinged by the marginal land. Relating to employment been trying to highlight structure labour participation, especially in terms of level good chance and labour force, according to age, level of education, and types of work as well as people in rural areas, mobilization especially in village with agroekosistem dry land. The provinces that being the location where research is Lampung, South Sulawesi East Java, Central Java and West Java. The result showed that viewed from accessibility, job opportunities then accessibility of labor in this area use hasnt job opportunities outside agriculture. If the employment opportunities, the work got generally the same work often they do in the provenance as labor and transport services. Keywords: employment dynamics, rural areas and dryland

Landscaping the Agritech Ecosystem for Smallholder Farmers in Latin America and the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panos Loukos ◽  
Leslie Arathoon
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Digital Interventions ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Digital Agriculture ◽  
Digital Disruption

Agriculture is an important source of employment in Latin America and the Caribbean. In rural areas, some 54.6 per cent of the labour force is engaged in agricultural production. Although much of the region shares the same language and cultural heritage, the structure and scale of the agriculture sector varies significantly from country to country. Based on the review of 131 digital agriculture tools, this report, prepared by GSMA and IDB Lab, provides a market mapping and landscape analysis of the most prominent cases of digital disruption. It highlights some of the major trends observed in five digital agriculture use cases, identifies opportunities for digital interventions and concludes with recommendations for future engagement that could deliver long-term, sustainable economic and social benefits for smallholder farmers.

Impact of Surplus Labor Existence on Land Lease Market in Rural Central Java

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Ernoiz Antriyandarti ◽  
Susi Wuri Ani
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Surplus Labor ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Objective - The Indonesian rice sector seems to lose global competitiveness, and the government intervenes in the market to achieve food self-sufficiency. Particularly, in the main rice producing areas of Central Java, the rice sector does not have a comparative and competitive advantage due to small farm size. Then, we need to investigate the reasons why the farm sizes of rice producers are still small. Methodology/Technique - We hypothesize that the existence of surplus labor in rural areas restrains farm size enlargement. Therefore, we need to examine the existence of surplus labor in study area. By using the empirical model of the Cobb Douglas production function, we test the hypothesis of surplus labor. The estimation result shows that there is a surplus of labor in the study area. Findings - In addition, we examine the impact of surplus labor on land lease market in rural area. This study proves empirically that there is surplus labor in rural areas; therefore, farmers have difficulty finding job opportunities in sectors other than farming. In such a case, they prefer to cultivate rather than lease their land. Novelty - This result implies that the existence of surplus labor restricts the number of land lease contract. As a result, the land lease supply in the land lease market has become very limited. Thus, the existence of surplus labor in rural areas would be a constraint of farm size enlargement. This is the first study which explores the relationship between surplus labor and land lease market in the main rice producer area in Central Java. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Impact; Existence; Surplus Labour; Land Lease Market; Farm Size Enlargement. JEL Classification: E24, H83.

G. K. Chadha. Employment, Earnings, and Poverty: A Study of Rural India and Indonesia. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1994. 294 pages. Indian Rupees 295.00.

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-302
Author(s):  
Hina Nazli
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Water Education ◽  
Job Opportunities

The rural areas of developing countries are not only underdeveloped in terms of their physical infrastructure but also contain a larger proportion of the poor population as compared to the urban areas reflecting the underdeveloped social infrastructure. A majority of the rural population does not have access to the limited social services and amenities, such as safe drinking water, education, electricity, and health services, and is thus struggling for survival. After the Second World War, some of the East Asian countries launched poverty alleviation programmes and attempted to reduce unemployment and underemployment by promoting the ruralbased industries. Their experience reveals that the rural economy cannot grow only through agriculture grOWth. Sustainable growth requires the creation of non-farm job opportunities that will raise the level of employment and income and, consequently, the standard of living. In the absence of such activities, farm unemployment increases and a large proportion of the jobless labour force tends to seek jobs in the urban informal sector, which creates problems of slums, poverty, and crime in the urban areas. Comprehensive field surveys are generally required to identify the areas which lie in the lower strata of the development ladder and to suggest effective targeting of welfare measures for alleviating poverty.

scholarly journals Zatrudnienie i wartość dodana brutto w sektorach gospodarki państw Unii Europejskiej w latach 2002 i 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (4) ◽  
pp. 270-283
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Kołodziejczak
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the paper is to recognize the level of employment and gross value added in the agriculture against the other sectors of the economy in the European Union. Comparative analysis and method of deduction were used in the study. The research was based on the EUROSTAT data from the years of both 2002 and 2016. The “surplus” of employment in the agriculture in the post-socialist countries in relation to the EU average approximately corresponds to the “shortage” of employment in services. The process of changes in the sectoral structure of employment will probably be determined by the growth rate of demand for services, structural adjustment referring to matching the characteristics of the agricultural population to the demand for labour force in the services sector and the pace of structural transformations in rural areas.

scholarly journals SWOC analysis of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) in Dharmapuri District of Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Thirumal Kannan V ◽  
◽  
Raj Pravin T ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Community Assets ◽  
Political Interference ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Delay In Payments ◽  
Employment Guarantee

This study was conducted in the Pennagaram block of Dharmapuri district with 120 respondents for identifying the strengths, weakness, opportunities and challenges of MGNREGS. The major strengths are the availability of work with assured wages during the lean season, increase in the bargaining power of agricultural labor in rural areas, increasing their purchasing power of agricultural laborers and assist in proper repair and maintenance of community assets. The weakness identified are delay in payments and defects in carrying out the schedule of rates, lack of planning and expertise in identifying development work and prioritizing them in village panchayats, lack of awareness about social audit and e- muster rolls. With regard to opportunities, it has ensured women’s participation in the labour force leading to their empowerment, ensures food and nutrient security, creates job opportunities for all stakeholders in their rural habitats and prevents and checks migration to nearby towns/cities in search of employment. The challenges are poor allocation of funds and its disbursal to the beneficiaries affecting its functioning, Poor MGNREGS implementation and monitoring resulting in the creation of less public assets and infrastructure facilities, wide spread corruption and misuse of allocated funds and increased political interference in the selection of beneficiaries and assigning of works.

scholarly journals Land Inequality by Mode of Irrigation in Pakistan, 1990-2000

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1011-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashida Haq
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Land Inequality ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Welfare Losses ◽  
Basin Irrigation

In Pakistan agriculture land accounts for a large portion of total wealth and the distribution of this land effects household welfare and agriculture efficiency. Evidence shows that in developing countries, land inequality is detrimental to overall efficiency due to incomplete markets and therefore results in welfare losses to those with little or no land as there are several benefits associated with access to land [Vollrath (2007)]. Agriculture plays a pivotal role in the economy of Pakistan which contribute 22.4 percent to Gross Domestic Product, 43.05 percent of labour force engaged in agriculture sector and 67 percent of population reside in rural areas out of which 30 percent of people living below the official poverty line. As the climate of Pakistan is arid to semi arid, its 80 percent agriculture is irrigated. Pakistan has one of the largest irrigation system in the world based on Indus basin irrigation system which plays an important role in the development of agriculture and the nature of distribution of irrigation water across farm size groups determines to a significant extent the nature of distribution of agriculture income.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Wheat Market Integration in Northern Punjab, Pakistan

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (4II) ◽  
pp. 817-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sarwar Zahid ◽  
Abdul Qayyum ◽  
Wasim Shahid Malik
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Wheat Market ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Food Needs

The economy of Pakistan is largely dependent on the agriculture sector which contributes about 21 percent to the GDP and employs about 43.4 percent of the labour force. Agriculture and agro-based industrial products contribute about three fourth of the total foreign exchange earnings from export [Pakistan (2007)]. About 66 percent of the population lives in rural areas of Pakistan and directly or indirectly depends on agriculture for its livelihood. The welfare and participation of the rural population in the economy is therefore, central to the country’s progress. Despite the importance of agricultural sector in the national economy, there is a wide gap between food supply and demand due to low performance of agriculture [FAO (2000)]. The country is not producing enough commodities like wheat, rice and edible oil etc. to meet even the basic food needs of the population and as a consequence poverty is on the rise, particularly in the rural areas. In order to reduce poverty, agriculture has to grow faster and at a sustainable basis.

An Analysis of Factors Affecting the Work Force Status of Local Hired Farm Workers in Delaware and West Virginia

1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Richard F. Bieker ◽  
Joachim G. Elterich
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Integrative Analyses ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Alternative Approaches

Two general approaches have dominated recent discussions with regard to reducing the incidence of poverty among rural households headed by working age poor. One approach has stressed the need for increasing job opportunities for residents of rural areas. The other has stressed the need for increasing the level of investment in human capital to enhance the productivity and employability of people in rural areas. While these are basically complementary rather than alternative approaches to reducing the incidence of poverty among the working age poor in rural communities, integrative analyses encompassing both of these approaches have been lacking.

Association of Age, Birth order and Family Income with Psycho-social problems in Rural Adolescents

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Noorul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Youth Self Report ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: The present age is the age of stress. Everybody is disturbed due to one or the other reason irrespective of their age. However, adolescents are more prone to psychological and sociological disturbances.Objectives:To assess the psychosocial problems in adolescents.Methods: The study was conducted in selected schools of urban and rural areas taking 100 participants each for boys and girls using convenient sampling method. The tool used was youth self report. The data collected was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.Results: The study revealed that 48.5% adolescents were well adjusted; 47% were having mild psychosocial problems; 4% had moderate psychosocial problems and 0.5% had severe psychosocial problems.Conclusion: Adolescents irrespective of their living places had varying degrees of psychosocial problems. JMS 2017; 20 (2):90-95

Tertiary Educated Muslim Women's Work Decision

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Peck Leong Tan ◽  
Muhammad Adidinizar Zia Ahmad Kusair ◽  
Norlida Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
Family Friendly ◽  
The Family ◽  
Labour Participation

The participation of women in the labour force has been steadily rising over the years, especially with tremendous human capital investment in educating more women at tertiary levels. However, the tertiary educated women labour participation remains low, particularly among Muslim women. Therefore, this paper explores how tertiary educated Muslim women make their decision to work. This study surveyed 139 tertiary educated women and found their decisions to work are affected by their families’ needs and/or responsibilities, and may not be due to their lives’ goals and dreams. The majority of them work for the sake of money and hence will work if offered jobs meet their expectations in term of salary and position. Furthermore, they will leave the workforce if they need to fulfil their responsibilities at home. Therefore, to retain or to encourage more women especially those with high qualifications to be in the labour market, stakeholders must provide family-friendly jobs and suitable work environment such as flexible working arrangements. More importantly, stakeholders must be able to convince the family members of tertiary educated women to release them to the labour market.   

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