UNDERNUTRITION PREVALENCE AMONG CHILDREN UNDER TWO YEARS OLD IN INDONESIA DURING ECONOMIC CRISIS AND ITS RELATED FACTORS

<p>The objective of this study was to assess undernutrition prevalence among children under-two years in Indonesia and its related factors. This ecological study was conducted to 437 districts using data extracted from nationally representative surveys, which were National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) and National Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) year 2007. Overall, prevalence of High Stunting (HS), High Wasting (HW), and High Underweight (HU) was 46.9%, 59.5%, and 17.2%, respectively. Median prevalence of inadequate intake of energy, protein, iron, and zinc were 33.3%, 11.1%, 81.8%, and 55.6%, respectively. Median prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) was 15.9%, while the median prevalence of diarrhea was 13.0%. Median proportion of low education of the mother was 46.9%. Prevalence of HS was associated with household income, low education proportion of mother, and proportion of food expenditure. Prevalence of HW was associated with prevalence of inadequate energy intake and proportion of food expenditure. Prevalence of HU was associated with proportion of low education of mother and proportion of food expenditure.</p>

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Social determinants of household food expenditure in Australia: the role of education, income, geography and time

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980017003342 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 902-911 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Danielle Venn ◽

Jane Dixon ◽

Cathy Banwell ◽

Lyndall Strazdins

Keyword(s):

Time Pressure ◽

Economic Status ◽

Dietary Behaviour ◽

Time Constraints ◽

Related Factors ◽

Household Food ◽

Food Expenditure ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Australian Bureau Of Statistics ◽

Food Budget

AbstractObjectiveTo examine socio-economic status (SES) and time-related factors associated with less healthy food purchases in Australia.DesignData were from the 2009/10 Household Expenditure Survey (HES) conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Regression analysis was used to examine the associations between the proportion of the household food budget spent on various food types (processed and unprocessed foods, foods purchased from takeaways and restaurants) and SES and time constraint variables.SettingAustralia, 2009–2010.SubjectsNationally representative sample of Australian households.ResultsHousehold income seems to be the most important correlate with food expenditure patterns once other SES indicators are controlled for. Time constraints appear to explain some, but not all, of the adjusted SES gradients in food expenditure. Comparing home food consumption categories (processed and unprocessed foods) with foods purchased away from home (takeaway and restaurant foods) shows that wealthier, more highly educated and least disadvantaged households spend relatively less of their total food budget on processed and unprocessed foods prepared at home and more on foods purchased away from home at restaurants.ConclusionsSimple SES gradients in dietary behaviour are influenced by correlations between different SES indicators and between SES and time constraints. Examining these factors separately obscures some of the possible causal effects of disadvantage on healthy eating. When formulating policy responses to unhealthy diets, policy makers should consider alternative sources of disadvantage, including time pressure.

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Openness and Self-enhancement are predictors of cultural and economic beliefs: an analysis of European countries across 15 years

10.31234/osf.io/q2s35 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Gabriela Czarnek ◽

Małgorzata Kossowska

Keyword(s):

Cultural Context ◽

Cultural Beliefs ◽

European Social Survey ◽

European Countries ◽

Political Beliefs ◽

Economic Beliefs ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Self Transcendence ◽

Using Data ◽

The Relationship

In this study, we investigate the relationship between values and political beliefs and how it varies as a function of cultural context and time. In particular, we analyzed the effects of Conservation vs. Openness to change and Self-transcendence vs. Self-enhancement for cultural and economic political beliefs using data from nationally representative samples of citizens from 34 European countries from eight rounds of the European Social Survey (data spans the 2002–2016 period). We found that the effects of values on political beliefs are moderated by the Western vs. Eastern cultural context and that there is a modest round-to-round variation in the effects of values on beliefs. The relationship between Openness and cultural beliefs was negative and largely consistent across the Western and Eastern countries. Similarly, the effects of Self-enhancement were positive across these Western and Eastern countries. In contrast, the effects of Openness on economic beliefs were positive for the Eastern countries but largely weak and inconsistent for the Western countries. Finally, the effects of Self-enhancement on cultural beliefs are weak for both cultural contexts.

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Crise Económica em Portugal: Evolução da Incidência de Depressão e Correlação com o Desemprego

Acta Médica Portuguesa ◽

10.20344/amp.13574 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (13) ◽

Author(s):

Inês Laplanche Coelho ◽

Mafalda Sousa-Uva ◽

Nuno Pina ◽

Sara Marques ◽

Carlos Matias-Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Vulnerability ◽

Ecological Study ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Portuguese Population ◽

Sentinel Network ◽

Unemployment Rates ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

National Statistics ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact

Introduction: Previous studies have found an increase in the incidence rate of depression between 2007 – 2013 in Portugal, with a positive correlation with the unemployment rate, namely, in men. So, it was hypothesized that this increase is related with the situation of economic crisis. This study aimed to investigate if the correlation between unemployment rates and the incidence of depression is maintained in the post-crisis period of economic recovery in Portugal (2016 – 2018).Material and Methods: An ecological study was carried out, using data from the General Practitioners Sentinel Network concerning depression incidence (first episodes and relapses) and data from the National Statistics Institute on unemployment rates in the Portuguese population. The correlation coefficient was estimated using linear regression and the results were disaggregated by sex.Results: Between 2016 and 2018, there was a consistent decrease in the incidence of depression in both sexes. During the 1995 – 2018 period, a positive correlation was observed between unemployment and depression, with a coefficient of 0.833 (p = 0.005) in males and of 0.742 (p = 0.022) in females.Discussion: The reduction in the incidence of depression in both sexes observed between 2016 – 2018 corroborates a positive correlation between unemployment and depression in the Portuguese population, previously observed between 2007 – 2013.Conclusion: This study highlights the need to monitor the occurrence of mental illness in the Portuguese population, especially in moments of greatest social vulnerability in order to establish preventive measures, as a way to mitigate the impact of future economic crises.

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Sociodemographic Patterns of Exclusive and Dual Use of ENDS and Menthol/Non-Menthol Cigarettes among US Youth (Ages 15–17) Using Two Nationally Representative Surveys (2013–2017)

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18157781 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 7781

Author(s):

Akash Patel ◽

Jana L. Hirschtick ◽

Steven Cook ◽

Bukola Usidame ◽

Ritesh Mistry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Household Income ◽

Parental Education ◽

The United States ◽

Tobacco Prevention ◽

Dual Use ◽

Parental Education Level ◽

Menthol Cigarette ◽

Menthol Cigarettes ◽

Current Cigarette ◽

Nationally Representative

The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among youth in the United States has increased rapidly in the past decade. Simultaneously, while youth cigarette smoking has declined considerably, youth are still more likely to use menthol cigarettes than any other age group. We used nationally representative data on 15–17-year-olds from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study and the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) (2013–2017) to better understand current cigarette (by menthol flavoring) and ENDS use in the US. We calculated weighted population prevalence estimates across years for multiple patterns of current cigarette and ENDS use (i.e., exclusive menthol cigarette, exclusive non-menthol cigarette, exclusive ENDS, dual ENDS and menthol cigarette, and dual ENDS and non-menthol cigarette) by sex, race/ethnicity, parental education level, household income, and homeownership. Overall, both exclusive menthol and non-menthol cigarette use declined from 2013–2017. Exclusive ENDS use increased, particularly among youth who were non-Hispanic White or had a higher socioeconomic status (measured by parental education, household income, and homeownership). Dual use of ENDS with either menthol or non-menthol cigarettes did not change significantly. Monitoring changes in these sociodemographic patterns will help inform future youth tobacco prevention strategies.

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The Authoritarian Dynamic During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Nationalism and Anti-Immigrant Sentiment

Social Psychological and Personality Science ◽

10.1177/1948550620978023 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 194855062097802

Author(s):

Todd K. Hartman ◽

Thomas V. A. Stocks ◽

Ryan McKay ◽

Jilly Gibson-Miller ◽

Liat Levita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Order ◽

Situational Factors ◽

Right Wing ◽

Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Social ◽

Political Outcomes ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Using Data ◽

The Relationship

Research has demonstrated that situational factors such as perceived threats to the social order activate latent authoritarianism. The deadly COVID-19 pandemic presents a rare opportunity to test whether existential threat stemming from an indiscriminate virus moderates the relationship between authoritarianism and political attitudes toward the nation and out-groups. Using data from two large nationally representative samples of adults in the United Kingdom ( N = 2,025) and Republic of Ireland ( N = 1,041) collected during the initial phases of strict lockdown measures in both countries, we find that the associations between right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and (1) nationalism and (2) anti-immigrant attitudes are conditional on levels of perceived threat. As anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic increases, so too does the effect of RWA on those political outcomes. Thus, it appears that existential threats to humanity from the COVID-19 pandemic moderate expressions of authoritarianism in society.

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Land Loss with Compensation: What Are the Determinants of Income Among Households in Central Vietnam?

Environment and Urbanization Asia ◽

10.1177/0975425321990383 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 40-55

Author(s):

Nguyen Quang Phuc ◽

A. C. M. (Guus) van Westen ◽

Annelies Zoomers

Keyword(s):

Household Income ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Expansion ◽

Skill Training ◽

Land Loss ◽

Central Vietnam ◽

Compensation Packages ◽

Household Members ◽

The Government ◽

Using Data

The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of household income following the loss of land owing to urban expansion in central Vietnam. Using data mainly from household surveys in the peri-urban areas of Hue city, the regression model indicates that demographic factors and livelihood strategy choices have important impacts on household income; financial compensation and support packages do not appear to be strong determinants of household income after the loss of land. This implies a failure of the current compensation programmes in the process of compulsory land acquisition, because the government believes that compensation packages make important contributions to livelihood reconstruction. This study suggests that investing in education and skill training for household members affected by land loss as well as assistance in converting compensation money into an adequate livelihood should be taken into consideration.

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Is Music Teacher Professional Development Becoming More Effective? Evaluating Practice and Policy in the United States, 1993–2012

Journal of Research in Music Education ◽

10.1177/0022429420982525 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 002242942098252

Author(s):

Justin J. West

Keyword(s):

Professional Development ◽

United States ◽

Social Interaction ◽

Teacher Professional Development ◽

The United States ◽

Music Teacher ◽

Policy Practice ◽

Teacher Professional ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Using Data

The purpose of this study was to evaluate music teacher professional development (PD) practice and policy in the United States between 1993 and 2012. Using data from the nationally representative Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) spanning these 20 years, I examined music teacher PD participation by topic, intensity, relevance, and format; music teachers’ top PD priorities; and the reach of certain PD-supportive policies. I assessed these descriptive results against a set of broadly agreed-on criteria for “effective” PD: content specificity, relevance, voluntariness/autonomy, social interaction, and sustained duration. Findings revealed a mixed record. Commendable improvements in content-specific PD access were undercut by deficiencies in social interaction, voluntariness/autonomy, sustained duration, and relevance. School policy, as reported by teachers, was grossly inadequate, with only one of the nine PD-supportive measures appearing on SASS reaching a majority of teachers in any given survey year. Implications for policy, practice, and scholarship are presented.

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Perception and Preference for Home-Based Telework in the COVID-19 Era: A Gender-Based Analysis in Hanoi, Vietnam

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13063179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 3179

Author(s):

Minh Hieu Nguyen ◽

Jimmy Armoogum

Keyword(s):

Gender Inequality ◽

Sustainable Development Goal ◽

Related Factors ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Work Related ◽

Home Based ◽

The Social ◽

The Government ◽

Gender Based ◽

Using Data

The rapid and widespread of COVID-19 has caused severe multifaceted effects on society but differently in women and men, thereby preventing the achievement of gender equality (the 5th sustainable development goal of the United Nations). This study, using data of 355 teleworkers collected in Hanoi (Vietnam) during the first social distancing period, aims at exploring how (dis)similar factors associated with the perception and the preference for more home-based telework (HBT) for male teleworkers versus female peers are. The findings show that 56% of female teleworkers compared to 45% of male counterparts had a positive perception of HBT within the social distancing period and 63% of women desired to telework more in comparison with 39% of men post-COVID-19. Work-related factors were associated with the male perception while family-related factors influenced the female perception. There is a difference in the effects of the same variables (age and children in the household) on the perception and the preference for HBT for females. For women, HBT would be considered a solution post-COVID-19 to solve the burden existing pre-COVID-19 and increasing in COVID-19. Considering gender inequality is necessary for the government and authorities to lessen the adverse effects of COVID-19 on the lives of citizens, especially female ones, in developing countries.

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Speech, Language and Hearing services in Primary Health Care in Brazil: an analysis of provision and an estimate of shortage, 2005-2015

Revista CEFAC ◽

10.1590/1982-021620182031918 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 353-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Larissa Hellen Teixeira Viégas ◽

Tatiane Costa Meira ◽

Brenda Sousa Santos ◽

Yukari Figueroa Mise ◽

Vladimir Andrei Rodrigues Arce ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Ecological Study ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

National Registry ◽

Health Care Information ◽

System A ◽

Primary Health ◽

Care Information ◽

Using Data

ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate the evolution and estimate the shortage of Speech, Language and Hearing professionals in Primary Health Care between 2005 and 2015. Methods: a mixed ecological study using data from the National Registry of Health Facilities and the Primary Health Care Information System. A descriptive analysis regarding the evolution of the number of professionals working in Primary Health Care over this period, in Brazilian states and regions, was conducted. The ratio of professionals per 100,000 inhabitants for the years 2005, 2010 and 2015, and the shortages in 2015, were estimated. Results: in 2005, there were 1,717 professionals working in Primary Health Care, that is, one per 100,000 inhabitants. In 2015, there were 4,124, increasing to 2.1/100,000. In 2015, the shortage in supply was 55.1%, varying widely across the states. Conclusion: the shortage in supply is equivalent to an absence of Speech, Language and Hearing service coverage within Primary Health Care for more than half of the Brazilian population. It is worth noting that a conservative parameter was adopted to conduct this estimate. The results suggest a process of consolidation for the inclusion of Speech, Language and Hearing professionals within Primary Health Care, however, still characterized by insufficient and unequal supply across the nation.

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Understanding employee turnover in humanitarian organizations

Industrial and Commercial Training ◽

10.1108/ict-10-2015-0067 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 208-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Rameshwar Dubey ◽

Angappa Gunasekaran ◽

Nezih Altay ◽

Stephen J Childe ◽

Thanos Papadopoulos

Keyword(s):

Employee Turnover ◽

Factor Loading ◽

Personal Factors ◽

Related Factors ◽

Content Type ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Work Related ◽

Humanitarian Organizations ◽

Using Data ◽

High Level

Purpose – At a time when the number and seriousness of disasters seems to be increasing, humanitarian organizations find that besides their challenging work they are faced with problems caused by a high level of turnover of staff. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the 24 variables leading to employee turnover identified by Cotton and Tuttle (1986) the authors analyse the work-related, external and personal factors affecting employee turnover in humanitarian organizations, using a survey of members of the Indian National Institute of Disaster Management. Findings – Results indicated that the three factors are present. Of the external factors, only employment perception had a factor loading over 0.7; of the work-related factors, all were significant; of the personal factors, biographical information, marital status, number of dependants, aptitude and ability and intelligence had the highest loadings. It was also shown that behavioural intentions and net expectation were not significant. Originality/value – Only a few studies reported on employee turnover and its reasons are not well understood in the context of humanitarian organizations. To address this need, the aim of this paper is to explore the personal reasons impacting employee turnover in humanitarian organizations. In the study the authors have adopted 24 variables used in Cotton and Tuttle (1986) and classified into constructs to explain turnover, and further tested the model using data gathered from humanitarian organizations.

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