scholarly journals SELECTIVITY OF FLUAZIFOP-P-BUTYL IN YOUNG COFFEE PLANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Giovani Belutti Voltolini ◽  
Dalyse Toledo Castanheira ◽  
Pedro Menicucci Netto ◽  
Ademilson De Oliveira Alecrim ◽  
Tiago Teruel Rezende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Coffee Cultivation

Weed control is fundamental in coffee cultivation due to their big interference, competing with the crop for water, light and nutrients. Among the control methods used, chemical control is highlighted, as a function of its high efficiency and low cost. However, due to application failures, herbicide drift phytotoxicity is common. Aiming at the search for selective active ingredients in coffee plants, the objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of the active ingredient Fluazifop-p-butyl in young coffee plants, and its effects on plant morphology, anatomy and physiology. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with ‘Topázio MG 1190’ coffee plants (<em>Coffea arabica</em> L.), cultivated in pots with a capacity of 11 L substrate. The statistical design was randomized block design (RBD), with four replications and four doses of the herbicide, making up 16 experimental plots. Each plot consisted of three plants. The treatments were: 0%; 50%; 100% and 200% of the recommended commercial dose of the herbicide Fluazifop-p-butyl. The evaluations were performed at 120 days after application of the treatments. Morphological, physiological and anatomical characteristics were evaluated. Regardless of the evaluated characteristic, there was no difference between the doses of the herbicide. There were no visual phytotoxicity symptoms in the young coffee plants that received the herbicide Fluazifop-p-butyl. The growth of the coffee plants, as well as the physiological and anatomical characteristics, were not altered due to the application of the herbicide Fluazifop-p-butyl.

scholarly journals GROWTH, ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF COFFEE PLANTS INTOXICATED BY THE HERBICIDE GLYPHOSATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Dalyse Toledo Castanheira ◽  
Ademilson De Oliveira Alecrim ◽  
Giovani Belutti Voltolini ◽  
Tiago Teruel Rezende ◽  
Pedro Menicucci Netto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Glyphosate Drift ◽  
Coffee Cultivation ◽  
Herbicide Drift ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

<p>Weed control is fundamental in coffee cultivation due to their high interference, competing with the crop for water, light and nutrients. Among the control methods used, chemical control is highlighted, due to its high efficiency and low cost. However, due to application failures, herbicide drift phytotoxicity is common. Aiming at the search for selective active ingredients in coffee, the objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of the active ingredient Glyphosate in young coffee plants. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with ‘Topázio MG1190’ coffee plants (<em>Coffea arabica</em> L.), cultivated in pots with an 11 L-substrate capacity. The statistical design was RBD, with four replications and four doses of the herbicide, making up 16 experimental plots. Each plot consisted of three plants. The treatments were: (i) 0%; (ii) 10%; (iii) 25% and (iv) 50% of the commercial dose of the herbicide Glyphosate. The evaluations were performed at 104 days after application of the treatments. Growth, morphological, physiological and anatomical characteristics were evaluated. The collected data were analyzed using the SISVAR software. The effect of glyphosate drift impairs plant growth. However, after 104 days of intoxication, there is no longer any effect on the physiology and leaf anatomy of coffee trees.</p>

scholarly journals SELECTIVITY OF THE HERBICIDE CHLORIMURON ETHYL ON YOUNG COFFEE PLANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Dalyse Toledo Castanheira ◽  
Giovani Belutti Voltolini ◽  
Ademilson De Oliveira Alecrim ◽  
Tiago Teruel Rezende ◽  
Pedro Menicucci Netto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Leaf Deformation ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Herbicide Drift ◽  
Treatment Application

The great interference of weeds in coffee plants, due to competition for water, light and nutrients, makes their control essential. Among these control methods, the chemical stands out, due to its high efficiency and low cost. However, as a function of application failures, phytotoxicity is frequent in coffee plants due to herbicide drift. Aiming to search for active ingredients selective to coffee, the objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of the active ingredient Chlorimuron ethyl in coffee seedlings, and its effects on plant morphology, anatomy and physiology. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with ‘Topázio MG 1190’ coffee plants (<em>Coffea arabica</em> L.), grown in 11-L pots. The statistical design was in randomized blocks, with four replications and four herbicide doses. Each plot consisted of three plants. The treatments were: 0%; 50%; 100% and 200% of the recommended commercial dose of the herbicide Chlorimuron ethyl. Evaluations were performed at 120 days after treatment application. Morphological, physiological and anatomical characteristics were evaluated, besides possible phytotoxicity symptoms inherent to herbicide application. The herbicide Chlorimuron ethyl caused phytotoxicity symptoms in coffee seedlings, evidenced from the leaflet dose, through leaf deformation and cracking, with growth losses not exceeding 10%, but without damage to plant physiology and anatomy.

scholarly journals Drip irrigation in coffee crop under different planting densities: Growth and yield in southeastern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1116-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gleice A. de Assis ◽  
Myriane S. Scalco ◽  
Rubens J. Guimarães ◽  
Alberto Colombo ◽  
Anderson W. Dominghetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Coffee Cultivation ◽  
Water Tension

Irrigation associated to reduction on planting spaces between rows and between coffee plants has been a featured practice in coffee cultivation. The objective of the present study was to assess, over a period of five consecutive years, influence of different irrigation management regimes and planting densities on growth and bean yield of Coffea arabica L.. The treatments consisted of four irrigation regimes: climatologic water balance, irrigation when the soil water tension reached values close to 20 and 60 kPa; and a control that was not irrigated. The treatments were distributed randomly in five planting densities: 2,500, 3,333, 5,000, 10,000 and 20,000 plants ha-1. A split-plot in randomized block design was used with four replications. Irrigation promoted better growth of coffee plants and increased yield that varied in function of the plant density per area. For densities from 10,000 to 20,000 plants ha-1, regardless of the used irrigation management, mean yield increases were over 49.6% compared to the non-irrigated crop.

scholarly journals ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND PHOSPHORUS DOSES ON COFFEE GROWTH UNDER A NON-STERILE SOIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Dias Moreira ◽  
André Cabral França ◽  
Paulo Henrique Grazziotti ◽  
Felipe Douglas Soares Leal ◽  
Enilson de Barros Silva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Sterile Soil ◽  
Rhizophagus Clarus ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Coffee Cultivation

ABSTRACT The use of mycorrhiza is a promising biotechnology that makes coffee cultivation sustainable in the use of fertilizers. In this sense, plant growth and phosphorus contents were assessed in coffee inoculated with Rhizophagus clarus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Dentiscutata heterogama in soil fertilized with 0, 0.74, 1.48 and 2.96 g P2O5 kg-1. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme with four replications. The mycorrhizal seedlings were previously produced and later transplanted to pots, simulating the field planting. The assessments were performed 150 days after transplanting. All variables were influenced by inoculation, but the effects were dependent on P doses. P doses higher than 50% of the recommended dose (0.74 g P2O5 kg-1) decreased the benefit of mycorrhiza. The fungi Rhizophagus clarus and Claroideoglomus etunicatum promoted a higher growth of coffee plants when compared to non-inoculated plants in non-sterilized soils and with a reduction in the applied P.

scholarly journals Interference of Urochloa plantaginea on Morphophysiology and Yield Components of Black Beans

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Milena Barretta Franceschetti ◽  
Leandro Galon ◽  
Maico André Michelon Bagnara ◽  
Renan Pawelkiewicz ◽  
Leonardo Brunetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Black Beans ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Among the factors which affect crop productivity, there are weeds which compete for environment resources. The objective of this work was to determine the periods of interference of alexandergrass on the morphophysiology and productivity components of black beans. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design with four replications. The bean cultivar of the black type used was IPR Uirapuru, being the treatments separated in two models of interference: in the coexistence group, the crop of the bean lived with the alexandergrass by growing periods of 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and throughout the cycledays after emergence and throughout the cycle; in the control group the crop was kept free of the infestation for the same periods described previously. At 42 DAE were evaluated the variables related to plant morphology and physiology (height of bean plants, number of trifoliate leaves, dry mass plant, number of grains pods, number od pods plants, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, photosynthetic activity, efficiency of carboxylation, efficient use of water, transpiration rate). Considering the results, it is possible to conclude that the critical period of interference prevention (CPIP) comprises 24 to 50 DAE, the period before the interference (PBI) was 24 DAE and the total period of interference prevention (TPIP) was 50 days and that the morphological and physiological variables of the plants were negatively affected in the coexistence with the alexandergrass when compared to the treatments kept free of weeds throughout the crop cycle.

scholarly journals COCONUT MEAL INCLUSION IN HIGH CONCENTRATE SHEEP DIETS AFFECTS FEED DIGESTIBILITY AND INTAKE1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-701
Author(s):  
PAULA FABRINY MAUÉS DA SILVA ◽  
SARAH OLIVEIRA SOUSA PANTOJA ◽  
FELIPE NOGUEIRA DOMINGUES ◽  
ANIBAL COUTINHO DO RÊGO ◽  
CRISTIAN FATURI
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Coconut Meal

ABSTRACT Coconut meal can be an affordable low-cost alternative to noble ingredients such as corn and soybean meal in sheep diets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of coconut meal inclusions, when used as a corn and soybean meal replacement, on the intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance of sheep diets. Twenty-four male Santa Inês lambs with body weights (BW) of 26.6 ± 3.2 kg were used in the study. The animals were housed in metabolic cages and distributed in a completely randomized block design, with three treatments and eight replications. The animals received a total mixed ratio of 30% roughage (elephant grass) and 70% concentrate. The animals were fed on two experimental diets with 11% and 22% coconut meal inclusion and a control diet (without coconut meal). Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) intake as a percentage of BW were negatively influenced by the inclusion of coconut meal. The ether extract (EE) intake increased but did not differ between the 11% and 22% coconut meal diets. Furthermore, the digestibility of DM, CP, EE, and ADF did not differ between the two evaluated diets. The inclusion of coconut meal reduced NDF digestibility and increased that of NFC. The level of inclusion of coconut meal in the diet must be based on the EE content in the meal; keeping the EE intake below 0.16% of the BW helped to avoid limited intake of feed.

scholarly journals Plant development, gas exchanges and pigments of Mesosphaerum suaveolens submitted to osmoconditioning and saline stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Romário Andrade Figueiredo ◽  
Jackson Silva Nóbrega ◽  
Reynaldo Teodoro de Fátima ◽  
Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Garcia da Silva Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dry Biomass

Salinity is one of the main plant abiotic stresses which affects the establishment and development crops. Hence, the search for technologies that minimize the damage caused by salinity is essential. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of salinity stress and osmotic conditioning of seeds on the biomass, gas exchanges and chlorophyll pigments in Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze. The statistical design adopted was a randomized block design, combined according to the Central Composite Design, referring to electrical conductivities of irrigation water and osmotic potentials, with minimum (- α) and maximum (α) values of 0.5 and 10.0 dS m-1 and 0.0 and -1.0 MPa, respectively, totaling nine combinations. The characteristics of dry biomass, gas exchange and chlorophyll indices were evaluated at 45 days after irrigation with saline water started. The salinity of irrigation water severely affected the dry biomass and the gas exchanges of M. suaveolens. Irrigation water of electrical conductivity above 3.2 dS m-1 caused reductions in chlorophyll a, b and total contents in M. suaveolens plants. Seed osmoconditioning did not attenuate the negative effects of saline stress on M. suaveolens plants.

scholarly journals Subsoiling and Its Effects on Root Yield and Quality of `Beauregard'

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 569F-570
Author(s):  
W.R. Jester ◽  
B. Taylor ◽  
J.R. Schultheis ◽  
D.E. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Design For All ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Root Quality

Five studies were conducted from 1997 to 1999 to determine the effects of subsoiling on root quality (i.e., root length and shape) and on yield of `Beauregard' sweetpotato. The statistical design for all five studies was a completely randomized block design with six replications (four in Goldsboro in 1997). All studies were conducted on Norfolk fine sandy loam soils. Two studies were done in 1997, one in Kinston and the other in Goldsboro, N.C.; two studies in 1998, one in Kinston and the other in Goldsboro; and one in 1999 in Kinston, N.C. Common treatments in the studies consisted of no subsoiling, V shank subsoil, 30 cm below row (56 cm from peaked ridge) and V shank subsoil, 46 cm below row (71 cm from peaked ridge). Roots were longer, had more creases, and were more misshapen due to ripping (regardless of subsoiling depth) in the 1997 Kinston test. No differences were detected in root quality due to subsoiling in the other four tests. Marketable and total yields were increased in both tests in 1997 with subsoiling; however, a similar yield increase was not obtained with subsoiling in 1998 and 1999. Jumbo yields were increased in Kinston in 1997 and Goldsboro in 1998 with subsoiling; the better response was obtained with 30-cm-depth subsoiling. Jumbo yields in 1999 were the same regardless of treatment. Canner and cull yields were similar in all tests across treatments. Yields may be increased with subsoiling in certain circumstances (i.e, drought or soils with hard pans), and can result in more off-shape roots and longer roots. It appears from these studies that yields may be increased with subsoiling; however, more off-shape roots may be produced, especially under dry conditions or where fields are not routinely subsoiled.

scholarly journals Use of plant extracts from healthy soybean and potato plants for treatments of plants of the same species

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e225101220351
Author(s):  
Andre May ◽  
Luciana Fontes Coelho ◽  
Evandro Henrique Figueiredo Moura da Silva ◽  
Nilson Aparecido Vieira Junior ◽  
Ronaldo da Silva Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Farmer Management ◽  
Tuber Defects ◽  
Absolute Control

The present study proposes to evaluate extracts from shoots of healthy soybean and potato plants for the treatment of plants of the same species cultivated subsequently. Two experiments were thus conducted separately after the soybean and potato inoculum production phases. For soybean, the experiment was laid out in a randomized-block design with five treatments and four replications, in which the following treatments were tested: 1. absolute control without inoculum or pesticides; 2. farmer management with pesticides, without inoculum; 3. use of inoculum, without insecticides; 4. use of inoculum, without fungicides; and 5. use of inoculum, without pesticides. In the soybean crop, the tested inoculum improved plant development and, increased the potassium content of the plant tissue as well as yield. For the potato crop, a randomized-block statistical design was adopted with two treatments and ten replications, using varieties Ágata and Atlantic. The following treatments were tested: 1. absolute control without inoculum, with pesticides; and 2. use of inoculum (foliar spraying), with pesticides. With the use of inoculum, varieties Ágata and Atlantic showed distinct responses regarding disease incidence and yield. Late blight was the disease that most affected both varieties, but only Atlantic showed a reduction in its incidence when the inoculum was applied. Variety Atlantic also exhibited an increase in the most valued commercial calibers, besides an increase in yield, with the use of the tested inoculum. Cultivar Ágata showed a marked reduction in tuber defects with the use of the inoculum on the plants.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGY AND PRODUCTION OF WEST INDIAN CHERRY IRRIGATED WITH SALINE WATERS UNDER COMBINATIONS OF NITROGEN-POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1027-1037
Author(s):  
EVANDRO MANOEL DA SILVA ◽  
HANS RAJ GHEYI ◽  
REGINALDO GOMES NOBRE ◽  
JOICY LIMA BARBOSA ◽  
CRISTIANE MILENNE ALVES DE SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
First Year ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Saline Waters

ABSTRACT Fertilization management is one of the technologies studied to reduce nutritional imbalance in plants submitted to saline stress. In this context, we analyzed the effect of the combination of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the morphology and production of West Indian cherry irrigated with saline waters in the first year of cultivation. The experiment was carried out in the CCTA/UFCG, in 60-L lysimeters installed in the field, in a randomized block design and 5 x 4 factorial scheme, referring to five levels of irrigation water salinity (ECw), i.e., 0.3, 1.3, 2.3, 3.3, and 4.3 dS m-1, and four combinations (C) of nitrogen-potassium fertilization, i.e., C1 = 70% N + 50% K2O; C2 = 100% N + 75% K2O; C3 = 130% N + 100% K2O, and C4 = 160% N + 125% K2O of the recommended dose for West Indian cherry, with three replicates and one plant per plot consisting of a lysimeter. The cv. ‘Flor Branca’, grafted on cv. Junco, was studied. The combination of fertilization with 70% N + 50% K2O promoted higher morphology and production values and mitigated the effect of salinity on fruit diameter up to an ECw of 1.3 dS m-1. Nitrogen-potassium fertilization in the combination of 130% N + 100% K2O impaired plant morphology and production. The ECw above 0.3 dS m-1 decreased the stem diameter, size, and average weight of fruits of West Indian cherry in the first year of cultivation.

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