scholarly journals THOUGHT AS A QUASI-POSSIBILITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
D. V. Ankin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Modal Logic ◽  
Possible Worlds ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Logical Omniscience ◽  
Epistemic Agent ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Philosophical Argumentation ◽  
Intellectual Limitations

Modal logic determines a lot in modern metaphysics and ontology, which delve deeper and deeper into the realm of the possible, not limited to the analysis of reality. This makes it relevant to study the problems of philosophical argumentation, built on the basis of modal logic. The aim of the work is to prove that thinkability does not necessarily entail a logical possibility. Because of this, many kinds of modal arguments that involve inference from conceivability to possibility can be flawed. Methodology: the author considers the question of the existence of objects impossible from the point of view of classical logical omniscience as a parallel to the idea of the existence of impossible possible worlds by J. Hintikka. The main idea of this article is the assertion that the gap between conceivability and possibility is generated by the intellectual limitations of the epistemic agent. The agent consistently — within the framework of the information available to him, and not in the absolute sense - considers logically possible that which is logically impossible from the point of view of logical omniscience. It turns out that we are able to think not only of something non-existent (to have empty intentions), but even quite capable of thinking the logically impossible. The conceivability of the impossible is somewhat analogous to the conceivability of impossible objects that are constructed by contemporary artists. The paper draws a parallel between the tautological thinkability of such an equation that is not tautological and the thinkability as a theorem of something that is not a theorem (S. Kripke’s modal arguments). As a particular example, the author criticizes the argument of the zombie by D. Chalmers, which is popular in modern philosophy of consciousness. It is shown that the conceivability of a zombie does not exclude the possible inconsistency of a zombie from an absolute point of view. In the second part, various types of the a priori are also considered, the opposition is built between the classical idea of logical omniscience and the agent-based approach using the categories of semantics of possible worlds. The main result of the proposed work is to prove that both formally contradictory and conceptually contradictory can be outside the framework of the epistemic attainability of the final agent. The author introduces a new philosophical category of the quasi-possible.

scholarly journals THE JOINT RESEARCH PROJECT ANKOMMEN – EXPLORATION USING AUTOMATED UAV AND UGV

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W13 ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alamouri ◽  
M. Gerke ◽  
S. Batzdorfer ◽  
M. Becker ◽  
U. Bestmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Joint Research Project ◽  
Emergency Risk Management

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Disasters such as floods, large fires, landslides, avalanches, or forest fires are often inevitable and cannot be fully prevented, but their impact can be minimized with sound disaster management strategies aided by the latest technological advancements. A key factor affecting these strategies is the time, where any delay can result in dramatic consequences and potentially human losses. Therefore, a quick situation report of the disaster is highly demanded, but still not an easy task because - in most cases - a priori known spatial information like map data or geo-databases, are outdated. In addition, visual and geometric information on the current situation is needed to help rescue teams and first responders. From this point of view, we came up to the main idea of the joint research project ANKommEn and its extension ANKommEn 2 (german acronym for Automated Navigation and Communication for Exploration). The project idea embodies an exploratory investigation to be smart in providing correct and timely geodata that can help in emergency cases; especially in support decision making in emergency risk management. For this purpose, automated unmanned systems, both ground (UGV) and airborne (UAV), are being developed to provide up-to-date information of rescue scenarios.</p>

ON POSSIBILITY IN LOGIC AND IN COGNITIVE SEMANTICS

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
V.Z. Demyankov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Modal Logic ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Possible Worlds ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cognitive Semantics ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
French Corpus

‘Possibility’ belongs to the main concepts of modal logic, it plays a key role in the ‘theory of possible worlds’ which was initiated by G.W. Leibniz, restarted in the 1950’s and is still fairly popular in formal logic, in philosophy of mind, and in cognitive semantics. Its main axioms and their consequences are here explored from a linguistic point of view demonstrating analogies between localist and purely logical approaches to the truth values in actual and in metaphoric worlds. Statistical analysis of a French corpus of literary and scholarly texts shows that lexical items of the ‘possible’ / ‘possibilité’ class are almost two times more frequent than their negative counterparts of the ‘impossible’ / ‘impossibilité’ class. The most frequent construction is ‘possible’ / ‘possibilité’ + ‘de’ + infinitive requiring the maximal array of factual information available to the speaker. The least frequent construction is ‘possible / ‘possibilité’ + ‘ à ’ + infinitive. Such and similar data reveal a scale of textual expectations generated by the lexical items belonging to the ‘possibility’ class in French.

A Fatal Error of Locke’s?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galen Strawson
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
John Locke ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Single Person

This chapter argues that the unqualified attribution of the radical theory to John Locke is mistaken if we are to take into account the fact that the theory allows for freaks like [Sₓ]. It first considers [I]-transfer without [P]-transfer—that is, [I]-transfer preserving personal identity—before discussing Locke's response to the idea that personal identity might survive [I]-transfer from an a priori point of view. It suggests that [I]-transfer is possible in such a way that the existence of a single Person [P₁] from t₁ to t₂ can successively (and non-overlappingly) involve the existence of two immaterial substances. It also explains how Locke's claim that [I]-transfer is possible opens up the possibility that it could go wrong, in such a way as to lead to injustice. Finally, it examines Locke's notion of “sensible creature,” which refers to a subject of experience who is a person.

Mathematical Knowledge and the Interplay of Practices

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ferreirós
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Knowledge ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Philosophy Of Mathematics ◽  
Advanced Mathematics ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Epistemology Of Mathematics ◽  
Actual Experience ◽  
Elementary Math ◽  
Mathematical Tradition

This book presents a new approach to the epistemology of mathematics by viewing mathematics as a human activity whose knowledge is intimately linked with practice. Charting an exciting new direction in the philosophy of mathematics, the book uses the crucial idea of a continuum to provide an account of the development of mathematical knowledge that reflects the actual experience of doing math and makes sense of the perceived objectivity of mathematical results. Describing a historically oriented, agent-based philosophy of mathematics, the book shows how the mathematical tradition evolved from Euclidean geometry to the real numbers and set-theoretic structures. It argues for the need to take into account a whole web of mathematical and other practices that are learned and linked by agents, and whose interplay acts as a constraint. It demonstrates how advanced mathematics, far from being a priori, is based on hypotheses, in contrast to elementary math, which has strong cognitive and practical roots and therefore enjoys certainty. Offering a wealth of philosophical and historical insights, the book challenges us to rethink some of our most basic assumptions about mathematics, its objectivity, and its relationship to culture and science.

THE GENDER IMPLEMENTATION OF THE “POWER” FRAME IN SHAKESPEARE’S TRAGEDY “MACBETH”

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. LOBANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Main Idea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Discursive Analysis ◽  
Historical Text ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Linguistic Methods ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article studies the cognitive features of the “power” frame and its gender implementation in the historical tragedy by W. Shakespeare “Macbeth”. Here, the author examines the concepts of “frame” and “gender” in linguistics, studying different approaches to their definition. The relevance of this work is determined by the close attention of the contemporary linguistics to these concepts, as well as their place in the contemporary academic paradigm. The academic affirmation of the “frame” and “gender” concepts designates a new step in understanding the ways and peculiarities of the language interaction, consciousness, and culture, and, consequently, it shows new aspects of the relationship of linguistics with other sciences. Nevertheless, the problems of both frame and gender are not yet fully understood. This study allows describing in detail the essence of the frame “power” and showing its meaning, use, and ways of its gender implementation in fiction, which explains the novelty of this article. The study’s methodology is based on the cognitive-discursive analysis of the text, as well as on an integrative approach to the discourse study, which combines methods of both cognitive and gender linguistics, as well as the discourse analysis. Common research methods were used along with private linguistic methods. The application of cognitive-discursive analysis has significantly increased the depth of understanding of the “power” frame that dominates Shakespeare’s historical tragedy. This historical text presents the central theme of political tragedy: the overthrow of the rightful ruler and the usurpation of power. The motive for the seizure of power forms a thematic core and is presented from the usurpers’ point of view. In this article, the author observes the gender shift and duality of the female and male beginnings: Shakespeare puts the female protagonist, hungry for power, among men, thus the images of Lady Macbeth and her husband come into conflict with the gender characteristics attributed to them. The play clearly traces the main idea of Machiavellianism: the goal justifies the means. The results conclude that the “power” frame is the leading one in Lady Macbeth’s monologue, thus setting one of the main themes of this tragedy.

scholarly journals Iterative Variable Selection for High-Dimensional Data: Prediction of Pathological Response in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Juan C. Laria ◽  
M. Carmen Aguilera-Morillo ◽  
Enrique Álvarez ◽  
Rosa E. Lillo ◽  
Sara López-Taruella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Variable Selection ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genome Context

Over the last decade, regularized regression methods have offered alternatives for performing multi-marker analysis and feature selection in a whole genome context. The process of defining a list of genes that will characterize an expression profile remains unclear. It currently relies upon advanced statistics and can use an agnostic point of view or include some a priori knowledge, but overfitting remains a problem. This paper introduces a methodology to deal with the variable selection and model estimation problems in the high-dimensional set-up, which can be particularly useful in the whole genome context. Results are validated using simulated data and a real dataset from a triple-negative breast cancer study.

scholarly journals ‘Your duplicitous point of view’: Delayed revelations of hypothetical focalisation in Ian McEwan’s Atonement and Sweet Tooth

2021 ◽  
pp. 096394702110097
Author(s):  
Naomi Adam
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Possible Worlds ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Possible Worlds Theory ◽  
Ian Mcewan

Framed by cognitive-poetic and possible worlds theories, this article explores two 21st century novels by the British postmodernist author Ian McEwan. Building upon Ryan’s (1991) seminal conceptualisation of the theory in relation to literature and using the novels as case studies, possible worlds theory is used to explain the unique and destabilising stylistic effects at play in the texts, which result in a ‘duplicitous point of view’ and consequent disorientation for the reader. With reference to the stylistically deviant texts of McEwan, it is argued that revisions to current theoretical frameworks are warranted. Most significantly, the concepts of suppositious text-possible worlds and (total) frame readjustment are introduced. Further to this, neuropsychiatric research is applied to the novels, highlighting the potential for interdisciplinary overlap in the study of narrative focalisation. It is concluded that the duplicity integral to both novels’ themes and texture is effected through artful use of hypothetical focalisation and suppositious text-possible worlds.

On the validity of hilbert's nullstellensatz, artin's theorem, and related results in grothendieck toposes

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1177-1187
Author(s):  
W. A. MacCaull
Keyword(s):  
Intuitionistic Logic ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Rational Functions ◽  
Completeness Theorem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Polynomial Rings ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Ordered Fields ◽  
Von Neumann Regular ◽  
Theoretic Point

Using formally intuitionistic logic coupled with infinitary logic and the completeness theorem for coherent logic, we establish the validity, in Grothendieck toposes, of a number of well-known, classically valid theorems about fields and ordered fields. Classically, these theorems have proofs by contradiction and most involve higher order notions. Here, the theorems are each given a first-order formulation, and this form of the theorem is then deduced using coherent or formally intuitionistic logic. This immediately implies their validity in arbitrary Grothendieck toposes. The main idea throughout is to use coherent theories and, whenever possible, find coherent formulations of formulas which then allow us to call upon the completeness theorem of coherent logic. In one place, the positive model-completeness of the relevant theory is used to find the necessary coherent formulas.The theorems here deal with polynomials or rational functions (in s indeterminates) over fields. A polynomial over a field can, of course, be represented by a finite string of field elements, and a rational function can be represented by a pair of strings of field elements. We chose the approach whereby results on polynomial rings are reduced to results about the base field, because the theory of polynomial rings in s indeterminates over fields, although coherent, is less desirable from a model-theoretic point of view. Ultimately we are interested in the models.This research was originally motivated by the works of Saracino and Weispfenning [SW], van den Dries [Dr], and Bunge [Bu], each of whom generalized some theorems from algebraic geometry or ordered fields to (commutative, von Neumann) regular rings (with unity).

ON ROBERTS’ PROOF OF THE TURAEV-WALKER THEOREM

1996 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 427-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICCARDO BENEDETTI ◽  
CARLO PETRONIO
Keyword(s):  
Euler Characteristic ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Algebraic Approach ◽  
Fusion Rule ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Witten Invariant ◽  
Manifolds With Boundary ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Skein Theory ◽  
Natural Way

In this paper we discuss the beautiful idea of Justin Roberts [7] (see also [8]) to re-obtain the Turaev-Viro invariants [11] via skein theory, and re-prove elementarily the Turaev-Walker theorem [9], [10], [13]. We do this by exploiting the presentation of 3-manifolds introduced in [1], [4]. Our presentation supports in a very natural way a formal implementation of Roberts’ idea. More specifically, what we show is how to explicitly extract from an o-graph (the object by which we represent a manifold, see below), one of the framed links in S3 which Roberts uses in the construction of his invariant, and a planar diagrammatic representation of such a link. This implies that the proofs of invariance and equality with the Turaev-Viro invariant can be carried out in a completely “algebraic” way, in terms of a planar diagrammatic calculus which does not require any interpretation of 3-dimensional figures. In particular, when proving the “term-by-term” equality of the expansion of the Roberts invariant with the state sum which gives the Turaev-Viro invariant, we simultaneously apply several times the “fusion rule” (which is formally defined, strictly speaking, only in diagrammatic terms), showing that the “braiding and twisting” which a priori may exist on tetrahedra is globally dispensable. In our point of view the success of this formal “algebraic” approach witnesses a certain efficiency of our presentation of 3-manifolds via o-graphs. In this work we will widely use recoupling theory which was very clearly exposed in [2], and therefore we will avoid recalling notations. Actually, for the purpose of stating and proving our results we will need to slightly extend the class of trivalent ribbon diagrams on which the bracket can be computed. We also address the reader to the references quoted in [2], in particular for the fundamental contributions of Lickorish to this area. In our approach it is more natural to consider invariants of compact 3-manifolds with non-empty boundary. The case of closed 3-manifolds is included by introducing a correction factor corresponding to boundary spheres, as explained in §2. Our main result is actually an extension to manifolds with boundary of the Turaev-Walker theorem: we show that the Turaev-Viro invariant of such a manifold coincides (up to a factor which depends on the Euler characteristic) with the Reshetikhin-Turaev-Witten invariant of the manifold mirrored in its boundary.

scholarly journals The Regularized Weak Functional Matching Pursuit for linear inverse problems

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Kontak ◽  
Volker Michel
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Problems ◽  
Matching Pursuit ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Linear Inverse Problems ◽  
Infinite Dimensional ◽  
Frame Condition ◽  
Ill Posed

Abstract In this work, we present the so-called Regularized Weak Functional Matching Pursuit (RWFMP) algorithm, which is a weak greedy algorithm for linear ill-posed inverse problems. In comparison to the Regularized Functional Matching Pursuit (RFMP), on which it is based, the RWFMP possesses an improved theoretical analysis including the guaranteed existence of the iterates, the convergence of the algorithm for inverse problems in infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, and a convergence rate, which is also valid for the particular case of the RFMP. Another improvement is the cancellation of the previously required and difficult to verify semi-frame condition. Furthermore, we provide an a-priori parameter choice rule for the RWFMP, which yields a convergent regularization. Finally, we will give a numerical example, which shows that the “weak” approach is also beneficial from the computational point of view. By applying an improved search strategy in the algorithm, which is motivated by the weak approach, we can save up to 90  of computation time in comparison to the RFMP, whereas the accuracy of the solution does not change as much.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document