scholarly journals Boyar Gantimur from Bogdoy Khan: Birth and Debunk of a Myth

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 9-34
Author(s):  
Andrey S. Zuev
Keyword(s):  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Amur River ◽  
The Amur River ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Right

This article discusses the main facts about one of the leaders of the nomadic Ewenkis of Transbaikalia  Gantimur, who in 1666/67 left Qing empire and got through the process of naturalization in Russia. The author criticizes the narrative that is widespread in the state and local historical works and genealogical writings. According to it, Gantimur belonged to the Manchu ruling elite and allegedly participated in 1655 in the attack on the Russian Komarsky ostrog (fortress), located on the right bank of the Amur. Based on the analysis of a broad range of archival and published sources (petitions of Gantimur and his descendants, reports of Russian explorers and administrators, diplomatic documents drawn up during the Russian-Manchu negotiations) and historical research, it is shown, how this narrative appeared and became prevalent. The author proves that this historical myth does not correspond to real facts and was fabricated by the grandchildren of Gantimur in order to improve their status in the Russian social hierarchy and increase wealth. This article concludes by arguing that Gantimur was not part of the Manchu elite and did not take part in the Manchu campaigns on the Amur river.

scholarly journals PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRONICIZATION OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-281
Author(s):  
Anna SLOBODIANYK
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Procurement Process ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Right ◽  
Procurement System

Introduction. In the civilized world, the principles of public procurement are based on austerity criteria; fairness and impartiality of contract award decisions; publicity of the procurement process; efficiency of the procurement process; the importance of accountability. The purpose of the research is to analyze the transfer of the procurement system in electronic format as an effective tool for the goods acquisition, works and services in order to financially support the functioning of state structures to serve public needs, which are maintained mainly at the expense of the state and local budgets. Results. The article deals with the concept essence of «electronic procurement» – that is the newest way of procurement, because it is the passing and controlling in the electronic environment of all stages of the procurement cycle, including marketing research, determining the range of economic agents, procedures for purchasing, placing orders, delivering and paying for them, budgeting and planning for purchases by government agencies. An efficient e-procurement system is highlighted, the key to which is the electronicization of the procurement process, which helps to reduce the operating costs of customers and suppliers; speeding up the procurement process and saving time; a wide range of suppliers; simple and convenient management of the procurement process; clear and transparent access to purchasing information. Conclusions. The electronic public procurement system makes it easier for participants to get started with the state, find the right procurement, submit a bid and win bidding, since all the procurement information is available on the procurement page, and in the change case in the tender documentation, all previous revisions of documents remain in the system, which can be downloaded and viewed. Such transparency of the procedure makes it possible to prevent corruption risks and is a way to develop democratic and open processes in society. Keywords: public procurement, participant, customer, Law of Ukraine "On Public Procurement", tender, auction, public procurement, bidding, open bidding.

Rights of Sanitation Workers in India

2019 ◽  
pp. 346-379
Author(s):  
P. Sakthivel ◽  
M. Nirmalkumar ◽  
Akshayaa Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sanitation Workers

The legal framework in India recognizes the right to sanitation and the rights of workers in hazardous employment. But it has failed to regulate the safety of sanitation workers. The agencies of the state and local bodies that employ sanitation workers ignore the safety dimensions of their work. In this context, the higher judiciary has granted relief to sanitation workers who were victims of accidents or to their families after their death. This chapter analyses the legal framework relating to sanitation workers and highlights the importance of making laws to achieve their right to sanitation. It focuses on two dimensions. First, sanitation work is primarily a caste based and poverty driven occupation and this explains the indifferent attitude of the public and State. Second, the realization of the right to sanitation depends on the safety of sanitation workers and their recognition as right holders.

scholarly journals МНОГОЛЕТНЯЯ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА И КАЧЕСТВА ВОДЫ НА ВСЕМ ПРОТЯЖЕНИИ РЕКИ АМУР

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
The State ◽  
Amur River ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
The Amur River ◽  
The Difference

В условиях антропогенного воздействия на окружающую среду и несбалансированного природопользования может происходить снижение самоочищающей способности реки Амур и ухудшение качества воды. Водопользование в бассейне реки осуществляется со стороны трёх государств: России, Монголии и Китая. Основными источниками поступления загрязняющих веществ в Амур с российской стороны являются предприятия деревообрабатывающей промышленности, машиностроение, цветная металлургия, добыча полезных ископаемых, производство электроэнергии. Снижение качества воды происходит также за счет недостаточной степени очистки сточных вод. Трансграничное положение изучаемого водного объекта, разница демографических потенциалов России и Китая и активное техногенное воздействие со стороны сопредельных территорий обусловливает актуальность настоящего исследования, целью которого является оценка многолетней изменчивости химического состава и качества воды на протяжении реки Амур. Исследование проведено на основе многолетних (20002017 гг.) гидрохимических данных Государственной системы наблюдений за состоянием и загрязнением окружающей среды Росгидромета в пунктах наблюдений на р. Амур: с. Черняево, гг. Благовещенск, Хабаровск, КомсомольскнаАмуре и НиколаевскнаАмуре. Рассмотрен химический состав воды на различных участках реки и проведена оценка качества воды по гидрохимическим показателям. Построены графики временной изменчивости значений удельного комбинаторного индекса загрязненности воды (УКИЗВ). Анализ многолетних данных показал, что на всех исследуемых участках реки концентрации хлоридов, сульфатов и нитратов не превышают предельно допустимые концентрации. Выявлены характерные загрязняющие вещества, содержание которых превышает нормативы ПДК более, чем в половине случаев. Это органические вещества, азот аммонийный, соединения железа, меди, цинка, никеля, марганца, фенолы и нефтепродукты. Наблюдается увеличение содержания некоторых загрязняющих веществ вниз по течению реки. В целом качество воды реки Амур на различных участках характеризуется 3м ( загрязненная и очень загрязненная ) и 4м классами качества ( грязная ). В динамике выражена общая положительная тенденция незначительного снижения уровня загрязненности воды.The title of the article is longterm variability of chemical composition and quality of water along the Amur river. As the title implies the article describes the chemical composition of water in different parts of the river and the water quality by hydrochemical parameters. A mention should be made that under the conditions of anthropogenic press on the environment and unbalanced use of natural resources, the ecological potential of the water ecosystem of the Amur River is depleted and the quality of water decreases. The transboundary position of the studied water object, the difference in the demographic potentials of Russia and China determines the relevance of this paper. The purpose of the work is to assess the longterm variability of the chemical composition and water quality along the Amur River. It should be noted that this research is based on longterm (20002017) Hydrochemical information. The state system of observers for the state and environmental pollution of Roshydromet at observation points along the river: c. Chernyaevo, the city of Blagoveshchensk, Khabarovsk, KomsomolskonAmur and NikolaevskonAmur. As a result, the analysis of longterm data showed that the concentrations of chlorides, sulphates and nitrates do not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations on all the studied river sections. Identified characteristic pollutants, the content of which exceeds the MPC standards in more than half of the cases. There is an increase in the content of some pollutants downstream of the river. In general, the water quality of the Amur River at different sites is characterized by the 3rd (polluted and very polluted) and 4th quality classes (dirty).

scholarly journals Impact assessment of solid runoff on heavy metals migration during high floods on the Amur river

2021 ◽  
Vol 895 (1) ◽  
pp. 012025
Author(s):  
A N Makhinov ◽  
A F Makhinova ◽  
Sh Liu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Amur River ◽  
Neutral Compounds ◽  
The Amur River ◽  
The Right

Abstract Inhomogeneity of the concentrations of chemical elements in the cross-section of the Amur River is considered as a function of the state of their soluble and suspended forms. Flooding of wetlands and urbanized areas contributes to the removal of pollutants into the river channel. The wide spread of fens on the left bank contributes to the concentration of organic matter along the left bank of the river. Terrigenous material mostly comes from the right bank, where agricultural fields are concentrated. The ratio of their concentrations is maintained by the duration of the flood. The mechanisms of redistribution of elements between their suspended and soluble forms have been studied. The mechanisms of sorption of chemical compounds on mineral and organic colloids are described. It was found that mineral colloids with a negative charge due to electrostatic attraction sorb electrically neutral compounds (hydroxoaqua complexes [Mn(OH)2(OH2]0, ammonia [Cu(NH3)4(OH)2]0. The role of organic material in the redistribution of chemical compounds between soluble and suspended forms is shown. Organic colloids with molecular mass > 5.0 kDa precipitate complex cations – [FeHSO4]+, [FeHSO4]2+, [CuHSO4]+. An organic substance with a molecular mass of <2.0 kDa has a greater complexing ability for Fe(2)3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ ions. They bind metals to organo-mineral complexes by chemical interaction and form mobile organo-mineral complexes and heteropolar salts.

scholarly journals The compliance of the anti-corruption legislation of Ukraine to the person's right to privacy

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
I.O. Khomichov
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Family Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Fundamental Freedoms ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Right

The article is devoted to the study of the compliance of the rights and obligations of the person authorized to perform the functions of the state or local government to the right to respect for private life, including the submitting and publishing property declaration. The author determines the approaches of national and foreign researchers to the essence of the concept of the right to privacy and concludes that it is a natural right, that includes the right to respect for private and family life, housing and correspondence. The norms of the Constitution of Ukraine and the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950 concerning the human right to privacy are revealed. It іs determined that one of the main reasons for the need to introduce in Ukraine the institution of declaring for officials of public authorities is the obligation of Ukraine to comply with the United Nations Convention against Corruption, and found that domestic law is stricter than the Convention. It is concluded that human rights are the priority area of state protection, so the requirements of anti- corruption legislation on disclosure of information about personal and family life of persons, authorized to perform state and local government functions, in the declaration and access of such information is a violation of Art. 8 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and Art. 8, 32 of the Constitution of Ukraine. The author affirms that the disclosure of such a volume of information about any person is an indisputable violation of his right to privacy and family life. Key words: the right to privacy; the right to respect for private and family life; a person authorized to perform the functions of the state and local self-government; declaration; prevention of corruption.

Objęcie zakresem kontroli poselskiej fundacji Skarbu Państwa

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (70) ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
Ewelina Gierach
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
State Economy ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Right

In the opinion of the author, Deputies have the right to exercise their powers of control over government and local government administration bodies pursuant to the provisions of the Act on the Exercise of the Member’s and Senator’s Mandate. The author points herein to companies with the State Treasury’s shareholding, state and local government establishments and enterprises as well as social organisations and non-state economy units. The analysed regulations do not explicitly name foundations among these entities. On the other hand, the subjective scope of Deputy’s control covers State Treasury foundations established on the basis of statutes, and the scope of control of State Treasury foundations is determined by the contents of binding statutory rules and internal statutes of such foundations.

scholarly journals Seasonal and spatial variability of the ammonium nitrogen content in the Amur River near Khabarovsk in 2018–2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.П. Шестеркин ◽  
Н.М. Шестеркина
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
High Water ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Regulated Rivers ◽  
Amur River ◽  
Winter Runoff ◽  
The Amur River ◽  
The Right

Представлены результаты наблюдений за содержанием аммонийного азота в воде р. Амур у г. Хабаровск в 2018–2019 гг. Максимальные значения установлены в правобережной и средней части русла в 2018 г. в начале ледостава (0.37 мг N/дм3), в 2019 г. в конце ледостава (0.32 мг N/дм3). Наименьшие значения зимой отмечены в левобережной части русла Амура из-за влияния зарегулированных рек Зея и Бурея. Показано постепенное снижение концентрации аммонийного азота в течение зимнего периода в 1.5 раза в 2018 г. и возрастание в 2.4 раза в 2019 г. Выявлено снижение концентраций в зимнюю межень 2018–2019 гг. по сравнению с периодом 2011–2013 гг. в 1.9 раза, что свидетельствует об улучшении качества воды р. Сунгари, а соответственно и Среднего Амура. В период открытого русла содержание аммонийного азота по сравнению с зимней меженью ниже и не превышает 0.1 мг N/дм3. Наибольшие значения наблюдаются в правобережной и средней части русла во время половодья и на подъеме паводков, сформированных в бассейнах рек Уссури и Сунгари. Показано, что на гребне катастрофического паводка, сформированного в Забайкальском крае в 2018 г., и очень сильного паводка в 2019 г. содержание аммонийного азота не превышало 0.05 мг N/дм3. Установлено, что содержание аммонийного азота в левобережной части русла, а в межпаводочный период по всей ширине Амура находится ниже предела обнаружения. The results of observations over the content of ammonium nitrogen in the water of the Amur River near Khabarovsk in 2018–2019 are presented. The maximum values were determined in the right-bank and middle parts of the riverbed in 2018 at the beginning of ice formation (0.37 mg of N/dm3) and in 2019 at the end of ice formation (0.32 mg of N/dm3). The minimum values were observed in winter in the left-bank part of the Amur riverbed due to effect of the regulated rivers of Zeya and Bureya. The gradual decline in the concentration of ammonium nitrogen 1.5 times during the winter season of 2018 and growth 2.4 times in 2019 are shown. The decrease in concentrations 1.9 times during the winter runoff low of 2018–2019 in comparison with period of 2011–2013 was revealed which gives evidence of the water quality improvement in Sungari River and, respectively, in the middle reaches of Amur River. In the period of free channel, the content of ammonium nitrogen is lower in comparison with the same during winter low-water level and does exceed 0.1 mg of N/dm3. The maximum values are observed in the right-bank and middle parts of the riverbed during high water and on the rise of floods formed in the catchments of the Ussuri and Sungari Rivers. It was demonstrated that in the top of the catastrophic flood formed in the Trans-Baikal Territory in 2018 and very strong flood in 2019, the content of ammonium nitrogen did not exceed 0.05 mg of N/dm3. It has been established that the content of ammonium nitrogen in the left-bank part of riverbed and in the peak-flood interval across the whole width of the Amur River is below detection limit.

scholarly journals BY THE ANNIVERSARY OF THE KUMAR BATTLE OF 1655

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.Г. Шведов
Keyword(s):  
Technical Condition ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Military Leader ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Amur River ◽  
The Right ◽  
Key Events ◽  
The Military

В статье рассматривается одно из ключевых событий становления России в качестве тихоокеанской страны – Кумарская битва, произошедшая в марте–апреле 1655 г. в устье правого притока Среднего Амура – реки Кумары (современная Хумархэ). Рассмотрена территориально-политическая ситуация накануне этого события и совокупность его предпосылок, причины столкновения геополитических интересов России и Империи Цин в Приамурском регионе. Охарактеризована личность командира землепроходцев – Онуфрия Степанова как талантливого военачальника и политического деятеля. Приведен анализ условий проведения Кумарской битвы с физико- и военно-географических позиций. Уделено внимание описанию материально-технического состояния отряда землепроходцев и морально-психологической мотивации их поведения в сражении с превосходящими силами противника. Реконструкция фортификационных укреплений Кумарской крепости, штурмового оснащения маньчжурского войска и непосредственно самого хода битвы проведена на документальной основе – личного отчета Онуфрия Степанова якутскому воеводе Михаилу Ладыженскому. Дана оценка военного, территориального и геополитического результатов победы, одержанной над армейским корпусом Империи Цин. Приведены факты, позволяющие рассматривать Кумарскую битву как феноменальное событие, ставшее возможным благодаря выдающимся полководческим данным Онуфрия Степанова. Приведено краткое описание его дальнейшей разносторонней деятельности по укреплению российской государственности в Приамурье вплоть до гибели в 1658 г. на Амуре. Кумарская битва представлена как одно из ключевых геополитических событий в регионе в XVII в., которое повлияло на дальнейший ход и характер геополитических отношений России и Империи Цин, сыграло видную роль в развитии их дальнейшего военного противостояния и дипломатического взаимодействия. The article is concerned with one of the key events of establishing Russia as the Pacific country – Kumar battle – taking place in March-April, 1655, in the mouth of the right tributary of the Middle Amur – Kumar River (current Humarhe). The territorial-political situation shortly before this event and totality of its prerequisites and reasons of collision of the geopolitical interests of Russia and Qing Empire in the Amur region was considered. A person of the leader of pioneers – Onufriy Stepanov – as the talented military leader and politician was characterized. An analysis of the Kumar battle conditions from the physic- and military-geographical standpoint was given. The attention was paid to description of the material-and-technical condition of the detachment of pioneers and moral-psychological motivation of their behavior in the battle against the numerically superior enemy. A reconstruction of the fortifications of the Kumar fortress, attack arming of the Manchu forces and the course of battle was carried out on the base of documental data – personal report of Onufriy Stepanov to the Yakut war leader Mikhail Ladyzhensky. An estimate of the military, territorial and geopolitical results of the victory gained over the army corps of the Qing Empire was given. The facts allowing to consider the Kumar battle as the phenomenal event made possible by the extraordinary captainship of Onufriy Stepanov were mentioned. A brief description of his further all-round activity on the consolidation of the Russian statehood in Amur region down to his death in 1658 on the Amur River is given. The Kumar battle is presented as one of the key geopolitical events in the region in the XVII century which has influenced on the further course and character of the geopolitical relations of Russia and Qing Empire and taken on the noticeable part in development of their further military confrontation and diplomatic interaction.

scholarly journals LEGAL REGULATION OF GOAL-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING AS AN ELEMENT OF STATE LONG-TERM PLANNING

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
S. Knysh ◽  
◽  
Z. Knysh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Executive Agencies ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Village

The research is focused on specific features of legal regulation of goal-oriented programming as an element of the state long-term planning. It has been indicated that the state long-term planning consists in choosing the priorities of economic development and public administration, determining resources to achieve the goals, elaborating and implementing tasks and measures of socio-economic development. One of the elements of state long-term planning is the development of state goal-oriented programs. Legislative and doctrinal definitions of state goal-oriented programs have been analyzed. The state goal-oriented program should be defined as a set of interrelated scientifically sound tasks and measures of social, economic, scientific, technical, organizational nature aimed at obtaining positive results of the state and society’s development. The state programs determine resources for financing their implementation; they establish the tasks for the executors of specific activities. The legal principles for the development of state and local goal-oriented programs have been determined. It has been clarified that the central and local executive agencies, the National Bank of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine have the authorities to develop state goal-oriented programs. Such programs are approved by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine or the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. Local goal-oriented programs are created by the village or city mayor and approved at the village or city council’s sessions. The authors have defined certain stages of the development and approval processes of socio-economic development programs, which include preparation of the concept of the goal-oriented program, coordination with various ministries, conducting scientific and technical, as well as other examinations, public discussions of the program. The authors have formulated propositions for amending the current legislation in regard to public participation in the development of state and local goal-oriented programs, namely: 1) members of the public should have the authorities to initiate the development of state and local programs; 2) public organizations should have the right to offer their own programs for the development of territorial communities or programs to address social and economic problems; 3) propositions of citizens expressed by them during the program’s public discussions must be taken into account in the draft of the relevant program.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic Transformation of Ecological Conditions and Pollutants Transport along the Amur River Length

2013 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Critical State ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Priority Pollutants ◽  
Amur River ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
The Amur River ◽  
Pollutants Transport ◽  
High Concentrations

The tendency of the maintenance of several pollutants’ high concentrations along the Amur River was shown. The cases of extremely high levels of water pollution were considered. The state of some parts along the Amur River was estimated as critical and interjacent from the equilibrium to the crisis and critical state. The average perennial values of priority pollutants volume inflows 5–15 times exceeded the permissible MPC values. Herewith the increasing of pollutants concentration in the aquatic environment downstream occurred.

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