scholarly journals Is it possible to see darkness? Goethe and Aristotle on the role of light and darkness in vision

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-553
Author(s):  
Svetlana Mesyats
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Color Theory ◽  
Basic Rule ◽  
Transparent Medium ◽  
Role Of Light

J.W. Goethe in his Farbenlehre deduced all physical colors from a simple primordial phenomenon that takes place every time light and darkness act through a semi-transparent colorless medium either on our eyes or on the opposite surfaces. This basic rule of Goethe’s color theory was criticized by his contemporary physicists, who argued that darkness could not play an active role in the origin of colors because of being a mere absence of light. The paper demonstrates that this criticism became possible only if one shares the Newtonian view on the nature of light and darkness. Goethe however held a more traditional point of view, which he traced back to Antiquity and Aristotle. In contrast to Newton and his followers, previous scientists considered light not as an immediate cause of colors but as an actually transparent medium that conveyed colors from the visible objects to the organ of sight. For vision to take place, the color must first affect the light, which in its turn, must affect the faculty of vision. Though it is difficult to say what kind of change the light undergoes when some colored object is seen through it, most Aristotle commentators agree that this change must be real and not mere relational. In Aristotle’s physics, however, things that are capable of acting on and being affected by one another are either contraries or consist of contraries. Therefore, to be visible the color must be either dark or to contain darkness. Thus, assuming that Goethe shared the Aristotelian concept of light, we have to conclude that he was not mistaken saying that darkness "acts” upon our eyes or “is seen through” the illuminated semi-transparent medium.

Elucidation of block boundaries as the dissolution channels in hydrated cement

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
N.V. Belov ◽  
U.I. Papiashwili ◽  
B.E. Yudovich
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Hydrated Cement ◽  
Hardened Cement Paste

It has been almost universally adopted that dissolution of solids proceeds with development of uniform, continuous frontiers of reaction.However this point of view is doubtful / 1 /. E.g. we have proved the active role of the block (grain) boundaries in the main phases of cement, these boundaries being the areas of hydrate phases' nucleation / 2 /. It has brought to the supposition that the dissolution frontier of cement particles in water is discrete. It seems also probable that the dissolution proceeds through the channels, which serve both for the liquid phase movement and for the drainage of the incongruant solution products. These channels can be appeared along the block boundaries.In order to demonsrate it, we have offered the method of phase-contrast impregnation of the hardened cement paste with the solution of methyl metacrylahe and benzoyl peroxide. The viscosity of this solution is equal to that of water.

scholarly journals Customers’ expectations from savings products

VUZF Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Stanislav Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Low Interest Rates ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Further Development

Customers expect certain characteristics from long-term savings products. Providers are not able to supply all of these characteristics in one product at the same time. In addition, there are changing attitudes of the savers and the requirements to the financial institutions are evolving. The paper is analyzing the customers’ expectations from the long-term savings products. The manuscript is searching answer which are the most important characteristics of the savings products from the point of view of the client. The research is focused on three main areas: which are the customers’ expectations; what is the current environment in the market of savings products and what developments can we expect in the coming years. One of the conclusions is that the providers have to adapt their products to the customers’ expectations in order to succeed and to reach further development of the markets. Another conclusion is that customer centric products will gain greater trust among potential savers. We believe that the successful saving product has to be simple, transparent and cost-efficient. This reflects the surrounding environment of low interest rates, ageing population, increased informational flow, digitalization and alternative products development. To support the savers and the providers it is needed public help, targeting good coverage and constant efforts for active role of the stakeholders in the savings process.

scholarly journals A Contrastive Analysis of English and Turkish Plural Markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Engin Evrim Önem
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Distinctive Features

<p>This morphophonemic study aims to analyze pluralization processes for common nouns in English and native Turkish. To achieve this, a contrastive analysis focusing on English and Turkish plural markers from a structuralist point of view is taken. The results of the analysis reveal the differences and similarities between two languages in terms of plural markers. As for the differences, it is found that English and Turkish differ in regular and irregular plural forms as well as active role of consonants and vowels for pluralization process. Similarities for plural markers include focusing on the final sound of nouns, relying on distinctive features of sounds, employing allomorphs and using plural markers as suffixes for both languages to a varying degree. The findings of this study might help learners of English and Turkish by revealing the differences and similarities in both languages.</p>

scholarly journals Building Ecological Citizenship Through Students Engagement in ‘Green Youth’ Community in Wonosalam Jombang

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Akhwani Akhwani ◽  
Agus Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Civic Education ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Ecological Citizenship ◽  
Youth Community

The issue of the ecological crisis has become a global issue that often approaches every country throughout the world. As the implication of the development of Indonesian’s industry among many countries where the environment is damaged. Illegal exploitation of the forest, the rest of the industrial processing in the form of waste or waste that results in an imbalance in the efforts to care for the environment. Leaving aside the role of citizens, in guarding the environment from damage and extinction is a factor in the destruction of the country's future environment. The function and role of educational institutions (schools) has not been maximized with learning that has a sense of crisis towards the environment to building the behavior of educated citizens (students) who have a reflective ability towards themselves as citizens of the surrounding environment. The typology of the character of such citizens is more familiarly referred to as eco citizenship, in addition to having knowledge it also plays an active role and cares for its environment. Therefore, how important is the effort to build student character with the concept of eco citizenship which has moral and ethical competence in caring for, managing and preserving the environment with full responsibility. The aim of this research is to find out how students are involved in the 'green youth' community in building eco citizenship. This study used a qualitative case study approach. The subjects include the student group and the 'green youth' community. The data collection techniques are interviews, observation, and documents. This study expected that the involvement of students in the 'green youth' community with the programs has succeeded in building students who cares about the environment, such an environmentally conscious lifestyle point of view of Civic Education as the development of civic virtue become the estuary of the Civics learning objectives. The virtue of citizens by attending and playing an active role in caring for the environment is achieved thanks to the involvement of the 'green youth' community in developing cognitive competencies, skills, ethics and participation in caring for the environment.

Service process modularization and modular strategies

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Carlborg ◽  
Daniel Kindström
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Service Infusion ◽  
Cross Case Analysis

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the role of service modularity in developing and deploying efficient services, while at the same time meeting diverse customer needs. The analysis distinguishes between different service types and sets forth key issues for service modularization, identifying supporting resources (both internal and customer) and associated modular strategies for the different types. Design/methodology/approach – The study design used an exploratory case study approach, focusing on three Swedish manufacturing firms that are moving toward an increased service focus (service infusion). Data were collected through interviews and focus groups, and the collected data were analyzed independently, before being merged and synthesized in a cross-case analysis. Themes and patterns were extracted and linked to the theoretical framework following a systematic combining process. Findings – This study contributes insights to the emerging field of service modularity by investigating process modularization and modular strategies. A framework is put forward outlining modular strategies for four different service types covering both a passive and an active role for a customer. From a theoretical point of view, the role of the customer is added to the discussion to advocate for the necessity of a co-creative perspective in service modularity. Originality/value – This article contributes to the emerging research field of service modularity by providing empirical insights into how modularization and modular strategies can enable more efficient services. Depending on service type, different modular strategies are set forth. This study also highlights the need to recognize customer-specific activities, resources and competencies as pivotal parts of the modular service processes. Such insights are particularly relevant given the established view of service modules as functions of intra-firm activities.

scholarly journals Aktualne zagrożenia stabilności systemu finansowego w Polsce

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Marian Żukowski ◽  
Helena Żukowska
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Credit Unions ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Public ◽  
Systemic Risks ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Investment Firm

The stability of financial system is a major component of the economic securityof a state. An active role of state has a significant impact on ensuring the stabilityof financial system. The most important component of ensuring stability ofa financial system is to maintain stability of the banking sector. Stability of financialsystem is necessary for both the economy as a whole, individual sectors andall stakeholders, including individuals as it is a public good. Although the Polishfinancial system is now stable, three recent incidents need detailed examination:operations and the collapse of investment firm Amber Gold, instability on themortgage loans (denominated in Swiss Franc) market and the restructuring ofthe cooperative credit unions. From the financial point of view, the importance ofthese phenomena is marginal but from the public interest point of view it is vital.Therefore, there is a need to study "hybrid" dangers present in the framework ofthe financial system in Poland and to establish the Council on Systemic Risks aswell as to introduce new regulations to ensure safety of deposits. It is also necessaryto educate public about functioning of the financial market.

AZERBAYCAN AŞIK SANATINDA ŞİRVAN AŞIK ORTAMININ ROLÜ THE ROLE OF THE SHIRVAN ASHİK ART IN AZERBAIJAN ASHİK ART

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Zulfiyye HUSEYNOVA
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
Musical Theme ◽  
Percussion Instrument ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Important State

The art of minstrel, whose etymological meaning is "ash", "light", "love", is common in all Turkic peoples, including Azerbaijan, Göyçe, Borchali, Nakhchivan, Yerevan, Ağbaba, Çıldır, Derbent, Karabakh, Ganja, Tovuz, Gazakh, Shamkir, Shamahhi, It was developed in Ismayilli, Agsu, Goychay, Khizi, Guba, Tabriz, Urmia, Khorasan regions. Although the Shirvan minstrel environment has been included in the research of philologists, it has been little studied in musicology. From this point of view, the works of K. Akhundova (Dadaşzade), Ahliman Rahimov, Aliyeva Hanim devoted to examining the Shirvan ash circle are quite remarkable. Shirvan ashik environs have spread over a wide area, including Shamakhi, Ismayilli, Agsu, Goycay, Hızi, Ujar, Gobustan, Mugan region, Salyan, Sabirabad and Belasuvar regions. Shirvan minstrels always responded to cultural events with their art, and took an active role in minstrel congresses and other important state events that played an important role in the development of this art. Shirvan ashik’s have always come to the fore with their musical creations. In Shirvan's minstrel environment, air is played in the accompaniment of various instruments, unlike other regions. It included two balabans, a percussion instrument (double drum) and a ashik singer, including a ashik. In this respect, the group of Shirvan ashik’s can be called a community. One of the characteristic features of the representatives of the environment is that the mugham is performed at the beginning of the air, sometimes between the second and third lines, which shows the skill of the minstrel. Balaban performers also have other responsibilities within the group. It adds color to the general sound of the air accompanied by two bitterns. While one of the balaban players plays a musical theme, the other has a kind of "helper" structure and takes exemplary notes in accordance with the mood and melody of the air. The inclusion of the percussion instrument in the backing demonstrates the uniqueness of this setting not seen in other regions. Although they can be found in other environments such as Güzell?, sikeste, keremi, muhammes, gerayli, they are completely different from Shirvan airs in terms of melody. Peşrov and Shesangi melodies belong only to Shirvan ashik’s and are not performed in other settings. Shirvan ash tunes are also very rich in terms of musical style and contain developed moments, melodies and rhythms.

scholarly journals Peranan Bendesa dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Tanah Waris di Desa Adat Buduk

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
I Gede Suka Widyantara ◽  
I Ketut Sukadana ◽  
Diah Gayatri Sudibya
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Land Dispute ◽  
Kinship System ◽  
Inheritance System ◽  
Land Disputes ◽  
Empirical Point ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract-In the inheritance system, people in Bali have a system of inheritance that originates from the male kinship system which causes the relationship to be emphasized more according to the husband's lineage. Generally, any inheritance disputes do not have to end in court, because disputes about inheritance involve adat law in their resolution. Moreover, if the inheritance land dispute is still a family dispute, then the settlement should also be settled amicably through the active role of the Bendesa as the Leader in Pakraman Village. The formulation of the problem in this study is: How is the regulation of inheritance in Pakraman Buduk Village ?, What is the role of Bendesa in the settlement of inheritance land disputes in Pakraman Buduk Village? The problems discussed are examined from an empirical point of view. The results showed that the inheritance arrangement in Pakraman Buduk Village was in accordance with the contents of awig-awig Pakraman Buduk village contained in Palette 4 Pawos 75 to Pawos 78 which included inheritance, heirs, heir obligations, inheritance distribution, and loss of rights to be heir. The role of adat Bendesa in the settlement of inheritance land disputes in Desa Pakraman Buduk as a mediator. Keywords: Inheritance, Bendesa, Dispute Resolution Abstrak-Dalam sistem kewarisan, masyarakat di Bali memiliki sistem kewarisan yang bersumber dari sistem kekerabatan laki-laki yang menyebabkan pertalian hubungan lebih dititikberatkan menurut garis keturunan suami. Umumnya pada setiap sengketa tanah waris tidak harus berakhir di pengadilan, karena sengketa tentang waris melibatkan hukum adat dalam penyelesaiannya. Apalagi kalau sengketa tanah waris tersebut masih merupakan sengketa yang bersifat kekeluargaan, maka penyelesaiannya pun seharusnya diselesaikan secara kekeluargaan melalui peranan aktif dari pihak Bendesa selaku Pemimpin di Desa Pakraman. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah Bagaimana pengaturan warisan di Desa Pakraman Buduk ?, Bagaimana peranan Bendesa dalam penyelesaian sengketa tanah waris di Desa Pakraman Buduk ?. Permasalahan yang dibahas dikaji berdasarkan sudut pandang empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa Pengaturan warisan di Desa Pakraman Buduk sesuai dengan isi awig-awig Desa Pakraman Buduk termuat dalam Palet 4 Pawos 75 sampai dengan Pawos 78 yang mencakup tentang harta warisan, ahli waris, kewajiban ahli waris, pembagian warisan, dan kehilangan hak untuk menjadi ahli waris. Peranan Bendesa adat dalam penyelesaian sengketa tanah waris di Desa Pakraman Buduk sebagai mediator. Kata Kunci: Warisan, Bendesa, Penyelesaian sengketa

scholarly journals Orangutan mothers adjust their behaviour during food solicitations in a way that likely facilitates feeding skill acquisition in their offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulati Mikeliban ◽  
Belinda Kunz ◽  
Tri Rahmaeti ◽  
Natalie Uomini ◽  
Caroline Schuppli
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Independent Learning ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Pongo Abelii ◽  
Interactive Nature ◽  
Feeding Skills

AbstractImmature orangutans acquire their feeding skills over several years, via social and independent learning. So far, it has remained uninvestigated to what extent orangutan mothers are actively involved in this learning process. From a fitness point of view, it may be adaptive for mothers to facilitate their offspring’s skill acquisition to make them reach nutritional independence faster. Food solicitations are potential means to social learning which, because of their interactive nature, allow to investigate the degree of active involvement of the mother. To investigate the role of food solicitation and the role of the mother in immatures’ foraging skill acquisition, we analysed 1390 food solicitation events between 21 immature Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) and their mothers, collected over 13 years at the Suaq Balimbing orangutan population. We found that solicitation rates decreased with increasing age of the immatures and increased with increasing processing complexity of the food item. Mothers were more likely to share complex items and showed the highest likelihoods of sharing around the age at which immatures are learning most of their feeding skills. Our results indicate that immature Sumatran orangutans use food solicitation to acquire feeding skills. Furthermore, mothers flexibly adjust their behaviour in a way that likely facilitates their offspring’s skill acquisition. We conclude that orangutan mothers have a more active role in the skill acquisition of their offspring than previously thought.

Role of spectrin in membrane fusion and in shape change of human erythrocyte ghost

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
Hideo Hayashi ◽  
Yoshikazu Hirai ◽  
John T. Penniston
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Human Erythrocyte ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Bank Blood ◽  
Human Erythrocyte Ghost

Spectrin is a membrane associated protein most of which properties have been tentatively elucidated. A main role of the protein has been assumed to give a supporting structure to inside of the membrane. As reported previously, however, the isolated spectrin molecule underwent self assemble to form such as fibrous, meshwork, dispersed or aggregated arrangements depending upon the buffer suspended and was suggested to play an active role in the membrane conformational changes. In this study, the role of spectrin and actin was examined in terms of the molecular arrangements on the erythrocyte membrane surface with correlation to the functional states of the ghosts.Human erythrocyte ghosts were prepared from either freshly drawn or stocked bank blood by the method of Dodge et al with a slight modification as described before. Anti-spectrin antibody was raised against rabbit by injection of purified spectrin and partially purified.

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