scholarly journals Some Case Studies of AIDS/HIV Patients in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Patel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Needle Exchange Programs ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

The present study deals with the mental health of AIDS patients. Therefore it is essential that we should have some clear ideas about the scientific nature of AIDS and mental health. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). During the initial infection, a person may experience a brief period of influenza-like illness. This is typically followed by a prolonged period without symptoms. As the illness progresses, it interferes more and more with the immune system, making the person much more likely to get infections, including opportunistic infections and tumors that do not usually affect people who have working immune systems. HIV is transmitted primarily via unprotected sexual intercourse (including anal and even oral sex), contaminated blood transfusions, hypodermic needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. Some bodily fluids, such as saliva and tears, do not transmit HIV. Prevention of HIV infection, primarily through safe sex and needle-exchange programs, is a key strategy to control the spread of the disease. There is no cure or vaccine; however, antiretroviral treatment can slow the course of the disease and may lead to a near-normal life expectancy. While antiretroviral treatment reduces the risk of death and complications from the disease, these medications are expensive and may be associated with side effects.

scholarly journals Developing AIDS – The Dangerous Conjugation and Transformation of HIV : An In-depth Analysis

1970 ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
K Bulbul Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV/AIDS spreads so quickly and so destructively that it supersedes all disasters ever attacks human civilization. No branch of scientists can declare them aloof or abstain from it. So the agriculturists are very closely concern with its research-issues, nutritional remedies and agro-based care. We know, HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It is the virus that causes AIDS. A member of a group of viruses called retroviruses, HIV infects human cells and uses the energy and nutrients provided by those cells to grow and reproduce. AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is a disease in which the body's immune system breaks down and is unable to fight off infections, known as "opportunistic infections," and other illnesses that take advantage of a weakened immune system. Opportunistic infections are various in types and it needs not only the care from health professionals rather it deserves agriculturists, nutritionists and social scientists to combat together. When a person is infected with HIV, the virus enters the body and lives and multiplies primarily in the white blood cells. These are immune cells that normally protect us from disease. The hallmark of HIV infection is the progressive loss of a specific type of immune cell called T-helper, or CD4 cells. As the virus grows, it damages or kills these and other cells, weakening the immune system and leaving the person vulnerable to various opportunistic infections and other illnesses ranging from pneumonia to cancer. Understanding how the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) works inside the human cell gives all scientists important ways about how to attack it at its most vulnerable points and clues to start research. Knowing the secrets of how the virus functions and reproduces itself -- a process called its ‘life-cycle'- can help scientists design new drugs and nutritional supplements those are more effective at suppressing HIV and support the affected lives. This study will draw a clear and easy-to-understand picture for every scientist, obviously the agriculturists too, being alert and keeping their lives safe from this fatal conjugation of HIV and help to invent natural and/or plant remedies to prevent or suspend HIV's aggression, as long as we concern. Key words: HIV, AIDS, retro virus, HIV viral transformation. DOI = 10.3329/jard.v5i1.1473 J Agric Rural Dev 5(1&2), 157-166, June 2007

Causes of Weight Loss in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
C D Summerbell ◽  
J P Perrett ◽  
B G Gazzard
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Drug Related Problems ◽  
Unexplained Weight Loss ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

The medical records of all 420 patients attending an outpatient clinic between June 1990 and June 1991 were retrospectively reviewed for causes of weight loss. Of the 121 (29%) patients who had lost weight, the majority had a clear contributing cause; opportunistic infections ( n = 57), psychosocial factors ( n = 20), drug related problems ( n = 9). Unexplained weight loss ( n = 35) was more likely to have occurred in those patients with a better preserved immune system and most of these had symptoms suggestive of an unconfirmed infection or had local oral lesions associated with a loss of appetite. Unexplained weight loss associated with HIV infection is uncommon.

scholarly journals HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS PADA KOMUNITAS GAY DI KAWASAN MARINA PLAZA KOTA MANADO

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Jasman Jasman ◽  
Dismo Katiandaghob ◽  
Moningka Dely Natalia ◽  
Ronny Muntud
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Population Sampling ◽  
Gay Community ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that causes Aquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) by attacking white blood cells, namely CD4 cells (Cluster of Differentiation 4) that can damage the human immune system. Without the immune system, a person is easily attacked by various diseases. The number of HIV / AIDS sufferers according to data from the Tikala Baru Health Center VCT in 2018 totaled 62 people. The aim of this study is to identify HIV in the Gay Community in the Marina Plaza Area of ​​Manado City. The method used in this study is the Immunocromatography Test using One Step Anti-HIV. Sampling was carried out in the Marina Plaza Area and immediately examined at the sampling location. The population in this study is the entire Gay Community in the Marina Plaza Area of ​​Manado City with a total population sampling method. This type of research is descriptive, research results are presented in tabular form and narrated.Based on research conducted, it can be concluded that, of the 85 respondents examined there were 1 positive respondent and 84 negative respondents. It is recommended for members of the gay community who are infected with HIV to take ARV (Anti Retroviral) drugs regularly. For gay community members who have not been infected with HIV in order to prevent transmission by using a condom during sex or leaving deviant sexual behavior.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN MODEL ARIMA DALAM PERAMALAN ANAK USIA 5–14 Th YANG TERINFEKSI HIV DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Wigid Hariadi ◽  
Sulantari Sulantari
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Hiv Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immune

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is dangerous diseases for humans, and until now has not found a cure. Virus HIV is attacks the human immune system so that someone is susceptible to disease. This causes if someone is infected with HIV, then the person can experience an danger condition, it will even effect is death. In recent years, the number of children aged 5 – 14 years old that infected with HIV continues to increase. Therefore the author was moved to write about the application of the ARIMA model in forecasting the number of children aged 5 – 14 years old that infected with HIV in Indonesia by 2023. With the hope that the public or the govermment can find out the potential dangers of HIV disease, especially in children aged 5 – 14 years old. So that the public and govermment can jointly eradicate the spread of the HIV virus, especially in chidren. the result are obtained that the model that is suitable for use in forecasting is the ARIMA(0,1,2) models, with error value obtained is 0.057429. with the forecast value of the number of children aged 5 – 14 years old that infected with HIV in Indonesia from 2019 – 2023 in a row is : 570.82, 647.12, 734.14, 823.85, 944.83.

Self-Management of HIV

2017 ◽  
pp. 360-381
Author(s):  
Faith Martin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Good Nutrition

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a chronic condition, currently requiring life-long medication and having potential impacts on physical health through pain, fatigue, adverse medication affects, and opportunistic infections and on mental health through depression and anxiety and the stigmatized nature of HIV. Self-management offers an important avenue to address these concerns, with current research suggesting interventions to support medication-taking, good nutrition, and peer support to boost mental health and optimize a person’s understanding of HIV. Further, knowledge is required to facilitate self-management. The challenges and interventions including legal issues around transmission of HIV are considered, highlighting the multidimensional nature of the condition.

scholarly journals Markers predicting progression of human immunodeficiency virus-related disease.

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
C M Tsoukas ◽  
N F Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Surrogate Markers ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) interacts with the immune system throughout the course of infection. For most of the disease process, HIV activates the immune system, and the degree of activation can be assessed by measuring serum levels of molecules such as beta 2-microglobulin and neopterin, as well as other serum and cell surface phenotype markers. The levels of some of these markers correlate with clinical progression of HIV disease, and these markers may be useful as surrogate markers for development of clinical AIDS. Because the likelihood and timing of development of clinical AIDS following seroconversion, for any particular individual, are not readily predictable, the use of nonclinical disease markers has become critically important to patient management. Surrogate markers of HIV infection are, by definition, measurable traits that correlate with disease progression. An ideal marker should identify patients at highest risk of disease progression, provide information on how long an individual has been infected, help in staging HIV disease, predict development of opportunistic infections associated with AIDS, monitor the therapeutic efficacy of immunomodulating or antiviral treatments, and the easily quantifiable, reliable, clinically available, and affordable. This review examines the current state of knowledge and the role of surrogate markers in the natural history and treatment of HIV infection. The clinical usefulness of each marker is assessed with respect to the criteria outlined for the ideal surrogate marker for HIV disease progression.

Prognostic Factors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-250
Author(s):  
Ivo Laranjinha ◽  
Patrícia João Matias ◽  
Jorge Dickson ◽  
Hermínia Estibeiro ◽  
Helena Boquinhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Background/Aims: The number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on hemodialysis (HD) have increased, and their prognostic factors are still poorly clarified. The study aimed to identify factors that can influence the survival of HIV-infected patients on HD. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 44 HIV-infected patients on HD. Results: A total of 17 patients (39%) died. Median survival on HD was 30.8 months and the survival rate at 1 and 5 years was 82.5 and 62.9%, respectively. Male (relative risk [RR] 3.1, p = 0.040) and blacks (RR 2.5, p = 0.037) had higher risk of death. The patients who died had a shorter duration of HIV infection (p = 0.028), had a higher viral load (p = 0.044), more opportunistic infections (p = 0.013), and a lower serum albumin (p = 0.009). Lower serum albumin, nonsexual HIV transmission, viral load, opportunistic infections, and usage of catheters were associated with lower survival. Conclusion: Several demographic, viral, and dialysis variables may help to predict survival of this population. The intervention in these factors could improve their prognosis.

scholarly journals The Correlation Between Waitress Attitude About HIV-AIDS and Contracting HIV-AIDS of Anxiety

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Dwi Yunica Astriani ◽  
I Dewa Ayu Rismayanti ◽  
I Made Sundayana ◽  
Putu Indah Sintya Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the human immune system and weakens the body’s ability to resist disease and people become susceptible to various infections. This study aims  to investigate the correlation between waitress attitude about HIV-AIDS and anxiety contracting HIV-AIDS in Dahlia dan Sahara Bar and Karaoke. Methods: This research uses non-experimental with cross-sectional approach. Collecting data uses the understanding of HIV-AIDS test that consist of 20 items and zung self rating anxiety scale that consist of 20 items. The subjects of this study are 30 people. The subjects of this study are women who worked in nightclubs as waitress in Dahlia and Sahara bar and karaoke in 2017. Results: Data was analyzed by spearman's rho. The hypothesis result showed that correlation coefficient= -.761** with p= 0,000 (p<0,05), it means H0 rejected and Ha accepted. Conclusions: Based on data analysis can be concluded that there is Correlation Between Waitress Attitude about HIV-AIDS and Anxiety Contracting HIV-AIDS in Dahlia dan Sahara Bar and Karaoke. Based on the result of the study It is suggested to provide information about HIV-AIDS through health education and HIV prevention resources.

scholarly journals ORAL INJURIES IN A PATIENTE WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) INFECTION: A CASE REPORT

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Talita Alves De Souza ◽  
Thamires Rodrigues Guedes ◽  
Érica Da Silva Carvalho ◽  
Ângela Xavier Monteiro ◽  
Tirza Almeida Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Aids

The first cases of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) were reported in 1981 in patients with a high decline in immune response. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can manifest itself through various signs and symptoms. The oral cavity is an extremely important way for diagnosis and prognosis, because oral lesions may present as clinical signs of disease progression or ineffective antiretroviral treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate, diagnose and intervene in the oral lesions present in a patient with HIV infection. A case report study was conducted on a patient treated at the Dr. Antônio Comte Telles Polyclinic (Specialized Assistance Service for HIV / AIDS) in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Lesions found in the patient were Leukemia, Smoker's Melanosis and Oral Candidiasis, the latter being treated with tongue hygiene and application of VegelipR associated with laser therapy. It was observed that the treatment was effective and in five sessions there was improvement in the lesion. Oral manifestations are closely related to the HIV virus, since they may be associated with infection and / or disease progression, indicating deficiency in the immune system, as well as interruption of antiretroviral treatment. Candidiasis is an opportunistic infection that, if properly diagnosed and treated, contributes to the improvement of the immune system. It is concluded that the knowledge of the dentist regarding the pathologies and their manifestations is important, as well as a multidisciplinary work in the reference centers for HIV.  Keywords: HIV, AIDS, Oral Injury, Dentistry.

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