Faktor Risiko yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Malaria Di Indonesia : Review Literatur 2016-2020

Malaria is a disease that is still a world health problem, in 2019 the number of malaria cases reached 229 million people. Indonesia is a developing region with a tropical and subtropical climate that is favored by Anopheles sp. Mosquitoes as their habitat. Malaria cases in Indonesia have increased based on the indicator of Annual Parasite Incidence (API) malaria and outbreaks (KLB) in several endemic areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the incidence of malaria in Indonesia by using literature studies in the last 5 years (2016-2020). The method used was a literature review with a literature search component, inclusion exclusion criteria, and study selection and quality assessment. The number of samples of this study were 22 samples of research articles. The results showed that there are several factors that most dominate the incidence of malaria in Indonesia, namely the use of mosquito nets (11 articles), the presence of breeding places (9 articles), the habit of going out at night (9 articles), and the use of mosquito repellents (5 articles). It is hoped that people in malaria endemic areas can use mosquito nets at night, always clean standing water around the house, avoid outdoor activities at night if not needed, and can avoid mosquito bites by using mosquito repellent.

Literature Review : Faktor Risiko Kejadian Diare Pada Balita Di Indonesia

Diarrhea is the excretion of faeces with an increasing frequency (three times a day) with a change in the consistency of the stool to become soft or watery, with or without blood / mucus in the stool. in 2019, there were 4,485,513 cases of diarrhea in Indonesia with diarrhea services for children under five by 40%. The purpose of this study was to provide information about risk factors for the incidence of diarrhea in children under five based on review studies. This research method is a literature review using the Sinta database as a reference. Categorization is done, index 2-4, publications in the last 10 years, and has variables related to risk factors for the incidence of diarrhea in children under five. The results of this study were found that environmental factors such as clean water facilities, latrine facilities, household waste management, liquid waste management, maternal knowledge, and personal hygiene are risk factors that cause diarrhea in toddlers. The conclusion of this research is that there are factors of poor sanitation, maternal knowledge, and personal hygiene which are risk factors for the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers that must be corrected.

Faktor Risiko Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Skabies Di Indonesia : Literatur Review

Scabies is a skin disease caused by infestation and sensitization of the Sarcoptes Scabiei v. Hominis mite that occurs in communities, groups, or families living in dense, low economy, and low knowledge. Maintenance of personal hygiene strongly determines the health status, where the individual consciously and on the personal initiative to maintain health dan prevent disease. Objective: Know more about the personal effect of hygiene on the incidence of scabies. Methods: Using literature studies from both national and international journals by summarizing the topic of discussion and comparing the results presented in the article. Results: There is a significant influence between personal hygiene habits, environmental sanitation, physical conditions of water, level of knowledge, density of room occupancy, age, sex, room ventilation area, bed, keteter installation, length of stay and water bacteriological examination. with the incidence of scabies. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, physical water conditions, level of knowledge, age, occupancy density. someone with an incidence of scabies

Kegiatan Unit Kesehatan Sekolah Dengan Perilaku Hidup Bersih Dan Sehat Tatanan Sekolah Di SMA Negeri 1 Manganitu Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe

Adolescent forms of deviation as a result of development such as smoking behavior, alcoholic beverages, drug use, stress and trauma. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the activities of the school health unit (UKS) with clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) in SMA Negeri 1 Manganitu. The type of this research is analytic observational with a cross sectional study design, the sample size in this study is 62 students.. Data collection will be done directly by conducting interviews. The research data were analyzed univariate and bivariate by using the test Chi square. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between using healthy latrines and PHBS, value p = 0.001; PR = 8,775, there is a significant relationship between smoking behavior at school and PHBS, p = 0.026; PR = 20.148, there is a significant relationship between eradicating mosquito larvae with PHBS value p = 0.026; PR = 20.148, and there is a significant relationship between waste disposal and PHBS,value p = 0.014; PR = 46,667. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between using healthy latrines, non-smoking behavior in schools, eradicating mosquito larvae and disposing of garbage in its place with clean and healthy living behavior. It is recommended for the school to educate students and teachers through counseling and installation of leaflets prohibiting smoking in schools and providing cleaning water for latrines. For the puskesmas to provide assistance for UKS so that it continues to run well and support every UKS program implemented in schools.

Pajanan Partikulat Debu Kapur dan Faktor Risiko Pekerja dengan Kejadian ISPA: Sebuah Literature Review

Limestone mining is an industry that produces pollutants in the air. The pollutants produced from the lime mining industry are dust and gas particles. The resulting lime dust can harm the health of workers. ARI is a respiratory disease that attacks lime mining workers. ARI does not only occur due to exposure to lime dust, there are several risk factors for workers that can cause ARDs. This study aims to determine the exposure to lime dust and the risk factors for workers with the incidence of ARI. This research was conducted using the literature review method with a sample size of 16 journals. The results showed that 80% of the variables studied were significant or had a relationship with the incidence of ARI. From the review of the article, it is known that there is a period of work, use of PPE, age, history of disease, and smoking habits. The most dominant risk factors that have a significant relationship with the incidence of ARI are the working period variable and the use of PPE.

Efektivitas Berbagai Media Pasir Lokal Sebagai Media Filtrasi Air Baku Menjadi Air Untuk Kebutuhan Higiene Sanitasi

Meeting the needs of clean water services in the community requires innovation with appropriate technology by developing groundwater or well water treatment (filtering) which has a high turbidity level so that clean water is obtained with quality that meets health requirements The water processing (filtering) is the Water Well Submerged Filter by using filter media, namely sand, gravel, activated carbon, and fibers. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of the immersed water filter to reduce water turbidity, Fe, Mn content and total coliform. This type of research is experimental with the design of One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The results showed that the immersed water filter was effective in reducing turbidity and Fe content in the water, while the immersion filter's ability to reduce the Mn content and total coliform was not effective. It was concluded that the Up Flow Sand Filter in which A filter with sea sand media, B filter with land sand medium and C filter with sea sand media effectively reduced the turbidity and manganese levels, while the total coliform for and E. coli still exceeded the required quality standards. Further research needs to be done on the effect of varying media thickness and finer diameter in order to reduce colform and E. coli effectively

Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Sebagai Model Peramalan Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue

ARIMA is a forecasting method time series that does not require a specific data pattern. This study aims to analyze the forecasting of Semarang City DHF cases specifically in the Rowosari Community Health Center. The study used monthly data on DHF cases in the Rowosari Community Health Center in 2016, 2017, and 2019 as many as 36 dengue case data. The best ARIMA model for forecasting is a model that meets the requirements for parameter significance, white noise and has the MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error Smallest) value. The results of the analysis show that the best model for predicting the number of dengue cases in the Rowosari Public Health Center Semarang is the ARIMA model (1,0,0) with a MAPE value of 43.98% and a significance coefficient of 0.353, meaning that this model is suitable and feasible to be used as a forecasting model. DHF cases in the Rowosari Community Health Center in Semarang City.

Pengolahan Limbah Medis COVID-19 Pada Rumah Sakit

COVID-19 medical waste is residual material from unused reuse which is contaminated by substances that protect infectious or in contact with patients and/or hospital staff who need COVID-19 patients from service activities in the emergency room, isolation room, ICU room, treatment rooms, and other service rooms. The purpose of this study was to discover waste treatment in referral hospitals in North Sulawesi Province arising from the implementation of COVID-19 in 2020. The research was conducted on 18 of COVID-19 Referral Hospitals in North Sulawesi Province in period May - June 2020, by using cross-sectional as a research design. The results showed that 11 hospitals (61.1%) treated COVID-19 medical waste using their own incinerator, while 7 other hospitals (38.9%) treated COVID-19 medical waste using third-party services. All of the hospitals that treat medical waste using an incinerator do not fully have an operational permit from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The results obtained, in an emergency (COVID-19 pandemic), are excluded from having permission to use incinerators. All health facilities are expected to carry out the process of arranging incinerator operational permit documents coordinating with the Provincial / Regency / City Health Office and Provincial / Regency / City Environment Offices, even in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Penerapan Personal Hygiene Pada Penjamah Makanan di Pondok Pesantren Kecamatan Biring Kanaya Kota Makassar

Personal hygiene will have an impact on the food produced by a food handler. To carry out its functions, Islamic boarding schools have a food management system which is carried out by food handlers. This study aims to see the personal hygiene of food handlers at the Pondok Pesantren, Biringkanaya District, Makassar City. The research method used is descriptive research. The sampling method used was total sampling with a total of 30 samples. The results of the study prove that of the 30 respondents, 100% in good category for the application of personal hygiene. The work period of less than or 5 years was 17 respondents (56.7%) and respondents with a working period of more than 5 years were 13 respondents (43.3%). Of the 30 respondents (100%) only 1 respondent (33%) had work experience as food handlers in another place, namely, for 15 years at other Islamic boarding schools, 29 respondents (96.7%) had no work experience as food handlers. The application of personal hygiene to food handlers is fairly good, all respondents have good personal hygiene, but the application of washing hands before and after work and after leaving the bathroom is not in accordance with good and correct handwashing procedures according to WHO or the Indonesian Ministry of Health, this is evidenced by the unavailability of handwashing facilities. Provision of education, media-related information personal hygiene should be performed periodically to increase awareness of food handlers, as well as providing training, SOP, APD, P3K box, and checks periodically

Faktor Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan Di Sekolah Dasar Kabupaten Padang Pariaman

School conditions that do not meet environmental health requirements are a threat to students and school members to be affected by health problems and infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to analyze risk factors for environmental health at SDN 13 Batang Gasan and the potential health problems that would arise. This research is descriptive, with the population is the facilities and infrastructure and all students of SD Negeri 13 Batang Gasan, totaling 82 people. Data analysis was performed using environmental health risk factor analysis, namely providing answers about the risks that will arise, by dividing 6 risk criteria, namely very high (> 80%), high (60% -79%), moderate (40% -59%), low (20% -39%), very low (1% -19%) and safe / not risky (0%). The results of the study prove that the level of environmental health risk in Public Elementary School 13 is high (65%). It is suggested that schools need to make efforts to control risk factors.