scholarly journals Impact of temperature and air moisture on pollen viability

2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
D.V. Starikova ◽  
◽  
Yu.D. Syrova ◽  
L.A. Gorlova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Winter Rapeseed ◽  
Germinating Pollen ◽  
Germination Of Pollen

The environments have a direct impact on formation and functioning of the generative organs in plants. Parameters characterizing viability of pollen grains are closely linked with weather conditions, especially temperature and air moisture. Very often a phase of a beginning of flowering of winter rapeseed (end of March – beginning of April) lasts in unfavourable conditions. In April 2020, we studied influence of the main weather factors (frosts, low moisture) on germination of pollen grains of the varieties Loris, Sarmat and hybrids 40059 × Jesper 16– 132 and 40008 × INRA of winter rapeseed bred in VNIIMK. Pollen viability was determined by B.A. Trankovsky’s method, accounting amount of germinating pollen grains on the artificial nutrient medium, calculating a percentage of germinating pollen grains to their total quantity. We determined optimal concentration of sucrose solution (20%) in a nutrient medium for germination of pollen of winter rapeseed varieties and hybrids. Due to our results, lowered air temperatures (from -0.5 to -1.9 оС) combined with air moisture from 39 to 86% in a period of beginning of crop flowering negatively influenced on germination of pollen grains. Viability of pollen of the varieties Loris and Sarmat was in average 47 and 37%, respectively. Pollen grains of the hybrids (F1 40059 × 52 Jesper 16-132 and F1 40008 × INRA) had less viability – 38 and 21%, respectively, this certifies higher susceptibility of tissues of the reproductive organs to low temperature and moisture.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PHYTOHORMONES AND LIGHT ON THE GERMINATION OF APPLE POLLEN WITH REDUCED VIABILITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
A. V. Pavlov ◽  
V. G. Verzhuk ◽  
D. D. Bondaruk
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
Germination Of Pollen ◽  
Long Term Preservation

 Background. Studying the effect of phytohormones and light on the germination of apple pollen with reduced viability on an artificial nutrient medium is of importance, because it may facilitate an increase in the germination percentage among plant samples promising for breeding after their long-term preservation under low temperatures.Materials and methods. Pollen viability of the apple-tree cultivar ‘Krasnolistnaya’ was measured by germinating it on an artificial nutrient medium containing 10% sucrose solution and 0.8% agar. Drops of a distilled water suspension of pollen with added phytohormones were applied to the surface of the nutrient medium. Pollen was germinated in the dark (24 hours in a thermostat at 21°C) and under light (in an artificial light chamber at 21°C with a photoperiod of 16 hours of light / 8 hours of darkness). Results. Pollen of cv. ‘Krasnolistnaya’ with reduced viability most effectively germinated with the use of gibberellin at a concentration of 1 mg/l and 10 mg/l: the germination percentage was 22.3±0.8% and 21.8±1.3% respectively (сf. 10.9±1.5% in the reference). The most effective combination of phytohormones was gibberellin 10 mg/l + kinetin 10 mg/l – the percentage of germination was 22.8±6.3%; kinetin 1 mg/l + indolylbutyric acid 1 mg/l – the percentage of germination was 17.5±5.9% vs. 10.9±1.5% in the reference.Conclusion. Phytohormones were observed to have a significant effect on the germination of apple pollen with reduced viability. Effective concentrations and combinations of phytohormones that promote the germination of pollen with reduced viability have been identified. Light does not affect the germination of pollen with reduced viability.

scholarly journals Biology of Flowering, Fruit and Viability of Pollen of Varieties and Forms of Quince Cultivated on the Territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
L. Bayramov
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Germinated Pollen ◽  
Autonomous Republic

Abstract. The zones of distribution of varieties and forms of quince on the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic have been established, phenological observations have been carried out, their flowering and fruiting have been studied. On the territory of the Autonomous Republic, flowering of varieties and forms of quince begins in the second decade of April, depending on the distribution zone, with an average daily temperature of 12–13 °C and lasts 12–13 days, depending on weather conditions. Each flower has 10–12 stamens arranged in one row. The article also studied the viability of pollen in a number of quince varieties. Pollen viability was studied in the varieties Sary, Tursh, Ordubad, Gara and wild forms. Pollen fertility was determined by staining with acetocarmine. Pollen germinates in 2–5–10–15 and 20% glucose solution. Counting of germinated pollen grains was carried out under a microscope. The study showed that of all the experimental varieties, the pollen fertility of the Sary quince and Tursh quince varieties is high (up to 96.6–97.1%). The best medium for the germination of quince pollen is a 10–15% glucose solution. Pollen germination in this solution reaches 47.4–88.0%. In distilled water (control), the germination of quince pollen reached from 9.7% to 35.6% for varieties. Quince pollen remains viable for 31–43 days.

scholarly journals Notes on the self-pollination in Dendrobium biflorum (Orchidales, Dendrobiinae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka K. Kowalkowska ◽  
Hanna B. Margońska
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Society Islands ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Germination Of Pollen ◽  
First Time

The conditions favouring self-pollination are determined for a species of <em>Dendrobium </em>Sw. A survey of gynostemium micro­morphology in collected flowers of <em>Dendrobium biflorum </em>revealed two stages of a unique form of autogamy: on germination of pollen tetrads, pollen tubes reached the stigmatic region without the pollen being displaced from the anther locules. This is the first time for this type of autogamy to be reported in <em>Dendrobium biflorum</em>. Pollen grains germinated directly from the locules, bypassing the stigma or falling or sliding down onto the stigmatic surface. The pollen tubes were long and reached the stylar canal. On The Society Islands, differences in exposure of the habitats to weather conditions and altitude gradients influence both composition and form of the vegetation, as well as the occurrence of pollinators. The form of autogamy described here may be the usual method of pollination found on The Society Islands (and even the whole of French Polynesia), where suitable pollinators are absent and/or growth conditions stressful.

scholarly journals ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ МУЖСКОГО ГАМЕТОФИТА СОСНЫ ОБЫКНОВЕННОЙ PINUS SILVESTRIS L. В УСЛОВИЯХ ГОРОДСКОЙ СРЕДЫ

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 390-408
Author(s):  
L.P. Khlebova ◽  
O.V. Bychkova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Pinus Silvestris ◽  
Germinated Pollen

<p>The peculiarities of the development of the male gametophyte of Pinus silvestris L. in the urban environment were studied. Quality of pollen was evaluated by laboratory experiments through germination at the nutrient medium and by histochemical staining to determine the presence of redox enzymes. It was shown that pollen viability is closely linked to climatic and weather conditions during the period of microsporogenesis and mass pollination. Atmospheric pollution affected the pollen significantly. Low temperatures and high humidity in the background of the weak capacity of self-purification of the atmosphere led to a reduction of the potential pollen viability. The ability of the pollen grains to germinate was reduced, the number of abnormal pollen tubes was increased, and the proportion of cells containing active peroxidase was decreased. We revealed a close positive correlation between the frequency of germinated pollen grains and the presence of active peroxidase, as well as a negative correlation between the percentage of colored pollen and the frequency of pollen tube anomalies, which confirmed the role of peroxidase activity not only in the induction of pollen germination, but also the formation of pollen tubes.<br />A ranking of the urban territory on the strength of unfavorable environmental factors has been carried out. The reaction of male gametophyte of pine allowed us to consider it as a biological indicator of unfavorable ecological situation in the urban environment.</p>

scholarly journals Pollination and pollen germination in common juniper (Juniperus communis: Cupressaceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Surso
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
External Agents ◽  
Amino Acids Composition

Pollination and fertilization are the most important and responsible stages in sexual reproduction of coniferous plants. The period of high concentrations of juniper pollen in overhead during pollination period is no more than 4–6 hours and within one calendar day. This dependence remains invariable from year to year, and does not depend neither from weather conditions, nor the peculiarities of the place where juniper grows. Influence of external agents on dynamics of exudation of a juniper pollination droplet is studied. The duration of exudation and volume of secretory liquid exuded by tissues of ovules during the period of prescription in the juniper depend from presence of external agents on a surface of pollination droplet, their sizes and physical and chemical properties. The pollination droplet chemical compound is studied. In sugars composition of juniper pollination droplet there are only two monosaccharides: glucose and galactose. the amino acids composition is prevailed by arginine, aspartic and glutamic acids. The results of the studies confirm complex chemical composition and multifunctionality of juniper pollination droplet. The pollination mechanism of juniper is effective and selective. The morphological structure of pollen grains of juniper predetermines the processes of pollen germination at early stages. The hydrophilic capsule, formed pollen hydration, promotes to exine rupture and shedding. This capsule remains until the fertilization. The distal tip of pollen tube remains in itduring all time of its growth. In culture in vitro development of pollen tubes of juniper proceeds non-uniformly. At definition of juniper pollen viability it is necessary to consider a stage of pollen tubes development.

scholarly journals A Duplicated Copy of the Meiotic Gene ZIP4 Preserves up to 50% Pollen Viability and Grain Number in Polyploid Wheat

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Abdul Kader Alabdullah ◽  
Graham Moore ◽  
Azahara C. Martín
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Meiotic Gene ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Mutant Pollen ◽  
Female Gametogenesis ◽  
Chromosome 3B

Although most flowering plants are polyploid, little is known of how the meiotic process evolves after polyploidisation to stabilise and preserve fertility. On wheat polyploidisation, the major meiotic gene ZIP4 on chromosome 3B duplicated onto 5B and diverged (TaZIP4-B2). TaZIP4-B2 was recently shown to promote homologous pairing, synapsis and crossover, and suppress homoeologous crossover. We therefore suspected that these meiotic stabilising effects could be important for preserving wheat fertility. A CRISPR Tazip4-B2 mutant was exploited to assess the contribution of the 5B duplicated ZIP4 copy in maintaining pollen viability and grain setting. Analysis demonstrated abnormalities in 56% of meiocytes in the Tazip4-B2 mutant, with micronuclei in 50% of tetrads, reduced size in 48% of pollen grains and a near 50% reduction in grain number. Further studies showed that most of the reduced grain number occurred when Tazip4-B2 mutant plants were pollinated with the less viable Tazip4-B2 mutant pollen rather than with wild type pollen, suggesting that the stabilising effect of TaZIP4-B2 on meiosis has a greater consequence in subsequent male, rather than female gametogenesis. These studies reveal the extraordinary value of the wheat chromosome 5B TaZIP4-B2 duplication to agriculture and human nutrition. Future studies should further investigate the role of TaZIP4-B2 on female fertility and assess whether different TaZIP4-B2 alleles exhibit variable effects on meiotic stabilisation and/or resistance to temperature change.

scholarly journals Potential Fertilization Capacity of Two Grapevine Varieties: Effects on Agricultural Production in Designation of Origin Areas in the Northwestern Iberian Peninsula

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 961
Author(s):  
J. Antonio Cortiñas Rodríguez ◽  
María Fernández-González ◽  
Estefanía González-Fernández ◽  
Rosa A. Vázquez-Ruiz ◽  
F. Javier Rodríguez-Rajo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Fertilization Capacity

In the present study, we analyzed the main parameters related with the potential fertilization ability of two grapevine varieties, Godello and Mencía, during the years 2017 and 2018. The research was carried out in two vineyards of the Galician winegrowing Designation of Origin areas of Ribeiro and Ribeira Sacra. Ten vines of each variety were selected for bunch and flower counting, pollen calculations, pollen viability studies by means of aceto-carmine (AC) stain and 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) methods, and the determination of their germination rate. In all vineyards the 50% fruitset was reached, except for Godello in Cenlle during 2017. The mean coulure value was higher for Godello (40.5%) than for Mencía (31%). Analyzing the pollen production per plant and airborne pollen levels, we observed important discordances between them, which can be due to the influence of weather conditions and be related with self-pollination processes. We found important differences on pollen viability depending on the applied method and variety, with higher values for the AC method than the TTC for both varieties in all study plots, and higher values for Mencía variety than Godello. Regarding germination rates, we observed a marked reduction in 2017 with respect to 2018, in all study sites and for both varieties. The analyzed parameters were useful to explain the different productive abilities of Godello and Mencía varieties in the two studied bioclimatic regions of Ribeiro and Ribeira Sacra.

scholarly journals Flowering Biology of Rhododendron pulchrum

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Jie Qiu ◽  
Chao Gao ◽  
Hongli Wei ◽  
Biao Wang ◽  
Yang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Polar Axis ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Mtt Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Single Flower ◽  
Axis Length ◽  
To Receive

To study the flowering biology of Rhododendron pulchrum, we used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and paraffin sectioning to observe the microstructures of its floral organs, a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay to detect pollen viability in different periods, continuous observations to study flowering phenology, and artificial pollination and a benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method to determine stigma receptivity. R. pulchrum exhibited a centralized flowering phenology. The protogynous stigmas of R. pulchrum were able to receive pollen before flowering. The pollen grains of R. pulchrum fused into tetrads, the average ratio of the polar axis length to the equatorial axis length (P/E) was 1.05, and the pollen viability was highest in the initial flowering period, reaching 88.98%. The pollen/ovule (P/O) ratio was 266–328, and the outcrossing index (OCI) was 4; the vitality of R. pulchrum pollen remained high in the initial flowering and blooming periods. Compared with the lifespan of a single flower, pollen vitality remained high for most of the experimental period, thereby improving male fitness. The P/O ratio suggests that R. pulchrum may have a facultative outcrossing breeding system. The OCI estimation suggests that R. pulchrum is partially self-compatible, most likely requiring pollinators to complete pollination.

scholarly journals Tradescantia bracteata pollen in vitro: pollen tubes development and mitosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lewandowska ◽  
M. Charzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Generative Cell ◽  
Metaphase Plate ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Generative Nucleus ◽  
Mitotic Spindles ◽  
Germinating Pollen ◽  
Vacuolar System

About 90 per cent of <i>Tradescantia bracteata</i> pollen germinates <i>in vitro</i> after 15 min. Mitosis starts in the pollen tube after about 3 h. The mitotic trans-formations of chromosomes within the generative nucleus are not synchronized. They involve succesively the linearly arranged chromosomes in the elongated generative nucleus. In metaphase the chromosomes are arranged tandem-like linearly along the pollen tube. The chromatides translocate in anaphase from various distances to the poles in a plane parallel to the metaphase plate. This suggests that chromosomes have individual mitotic spindles and that coordination of the chromosome transformations in the generative cell is much less strict than in a typical somatic mitosis. Starch is the storage material of pollen grains. In the vegetative cytoplasm of mature pollen grains minute reddish-orange vesicular structures are visible after staining with neutral red. They do not fuse with the vacuoles proper arising in germinating pollen grains to form the vacuolar system of the pollen tube.

scholarly journals Reproductive characterization of interspecific hybrids among Capsicum species

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo da Silva Monteiro ◽  
Telma Nair Santana Pereira ◽  
Karina Pereira de Campos
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Viable Pollen ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Capsicum Species ◽  
The Cross

The objective of this study was the reproductive characterization of Capsicum accessions as well as of interspecific hybrids, based on pollen viability. Hybrids were obtained between Capsicum species. Pollen viability was high in most accessions, indicating that meiosis is normal, resulting in viable pollen grains. The pollen viability of species C. pubescens was the lowest (27 %). The interspecific hybrids had varying degrees of pollen viability, from fertile combinations (C. chinense x C. frutescens and C. annuum x C. baccatum) to male sterile combinations. Pollen viability also varied within the hybrid combination according to accessions used in the cross. Results indicate that male sterility is one of the incompatibility barriers among Capsicum species since hybrids can be established, but may be male sterile.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document