scholarly journals Laboratory assessment of fungicide efficiency against seed infection of soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
D.А. Kurilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute

The research was conducted in the laboratory of plant protection of the agrotechnological department of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in 2019. The purpose of the research was search of the effective preparations with fungicide and bacterial actions for soybean seed protection against seed infection in the lab conditions. We tested 17 fungicides of the different penetration methods and actions permitted for application in the Russian Federation, nine of which are register on soybean and nine ones have a potential effect for studying crop. Seed for lab germination were rolled in filter paper in the moister chamber due to the State Standards 12038-84 and 12044–93. Laboratory germination of soybean seed in control without treatment was equal to 61.5%, whereas in variants with protectant application – by 4.0–28.0% higher as seed infection was lowered. High biological efficiency against bacterial diseases was noted for registered on soybean fungicides Vitalon, CS (56.9%), ТМТD, WDG (51.1%), Delit Pro, CS (51.1%), and for nonregistered preparations – Prozaro, EC (53.2%), Tebu 60, OE (43.6%) and Prozaro Quantum, EC (40.4%) as infection in control was equal to 46.0%. Fusariose infection of soybean seeds and seedlings was lower than with bacterial disease and equal to 17.0% in control. Among registered on soybean preparations Spirit, SC (93.9%), Acanto Plus, CS (88.3%), Maxim Gold, CS, Vitalon, CS (82.2%), Delit Pro, КС (72.0%) demonstrated effectiveness against fusariose at efficiency of etalon ТМТD, WSC of 32.0%. Among non-registered preparation effective were Lamador, CS and Zato, WDG (100%), Oplot Trio, WSC (82.2 %), Redigo Pro, CS (73.7%) and Raxil Ultra, CS (68.0%). Due to results of laboratory testing, Vitalon, CS; Prozaro, CE; Prozaro Quantum, CE; ТМТD, WSC; Tebu 60, OE and Delit Pro, CS are the best fungicides with bacterial effect.

scholarly journals The efficiency of control of the number of Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. in sunflower sowings

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 02035
Author(s):  
Sergey Semerenko ◽  
Nadezhda Bushneva
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Production Experiment ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The insect Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a widespread species in the Palearctic. It is considered one of the main pests of many agricultural crops, annually causing more than $ 2 billion of losses to agriculture in the world. Therefore, insecticide treatment of sowings is crucial in pest control. The frequent application of pesticides increases resistance in insects, resulting in an increase in dosage and (or) in the usage of new highly toxic chemicals. Consequently, the search for reliable means of pest control remains a problem. In 2017-2019, we studied the efficiency of insecticides against H. armigera in sunflower sowings at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (Krasnodar). In 2017, the colonization of sunflower heads with H. armigera caterpillars was at the level of 3.2 specimen/plant, in 2018 – 4.5 specimen/plant, in 2019 it reached 6.0 specimen/plant. Bifetrin + Chlorpyrifos, EC (87 %) and Chlorantraniliprole, SC (91 %) showed the highest biological efficiency. Fitoverm-M, EC was the best organic insecticide – 56 %. The treatment of sunflower plants with Beta-cypermethrin + Dimethoate, EC (standard) and Chlorantraniliprole, SC in a production experiment contributed to a significant decrease in the number of caterpillars – 71.7 and 97.0 %, respectively. The yield reliably exceeded the control one, the kept yield was 0.23-0.39 t/ha.

scholarly journals THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS PREPARATIONS AGAINST SEED INFECTION OF CABBAGE BLACK ROT

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
A. T. Orynbayev ◽  
F. S. Dzhalilov ◽  
S. N. Maslennikova
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Peroxyacetic Acid ◽  
Infection Level

Black rot (pathogen –Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) is one of the most harmful diseases of brassicas. Seedlings growing in trays in greenhouse can meet rapid spreading of the pathogen and heavy yield loss even at very low seed infection level. This work was targeted on efficiency comparison for different plant protection agents against black root infection in seeds. Antibacterial effect of the agents was tested in vitro by well diffusion, direct placement of the agent onto bacterial lawn, and by incubation of bacterial suspension with the agents. Biological efficiency of the agents against seed infection was tests by seed soaking or by wet treatment. High antibacterial effect against black rot pathogen in vitro was shown for bacteriophage cocktail, Biocomposite-correct, Zeroxxe, Peroxyacetic acid (NUK15), Ps 11, and Kocide 2000. Highest biological efficiency against seed infection by black rot was shown for bacteriophage cocktail, Biocomposite-correct, Zeroxxe, Peroxyacetic acid (NUK15), and Kocide 2000.

scholarly journals Sunflower diseases control by biological fungicides

2022 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Bushneva ◽  
Alexander Bushnev
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Russian Research

The demand for organic food has grown rapidly over the last 25 years in many countries of the world. Organic farming standards require the application of biological products of disease control. The article presents the material on studying the effectiveness of fungicides based on microbiological antagonists against sunflower diseases. We carried out the study in 2020-2021 at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK) (Krasnodar). We established that the fungicides Geostim Fit type E, WS based on microbiological antagonists did not reduce the germination of sunflower seeds and actively suppressed seed infection. Their effectiveness against Alternaria spp. reached 50-74 %, against Rhizopus spp. – 74–100 %, against bacteria – 76–80 %. Double treatment of sunflower plants with BFTIM, WS (different strains) reduced the frequency of bacterial blight to 37 %, of dry rot – to 60 %, of Alternaria blight – to 39 %, of Phoma rot – to 41 %, and of Fusarium blight – to 75 %. The application scheme of Geostim Fit E (G), WS; BFTIM (E), WS; BFTIM (Zh), WS showed the best economic effectiveness with a seed yield of 3.56 t/ha, net income of 122 910 rubles, and profitability of 311 %.

scholarly journals Secondary screening of strains of antagonists to a Phoma pathogen on sunflower

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 00017
Author(s):  
Lyubov Maslienko ◽  
Aliya Voronkova ◽  
Lyubov Datsenko ◽  
Evgeniya Efimtseva ◽  
Daria Punogina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Secondary Screening ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Phoma Macdonaldii ◽  
Russian Research

There are presented data of the first stage of the secondary screening of antagonist strains from a collection of the biological methods laboratory of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops to the aggressive isolate of Phoma macdonaldii Boerema infecting sunflower. We used methods of ‘agar blocks’ and ‘perforated Petri dishes’. As a result of a screening of 55 antagonist strains to Phoma macdonaldii pathogen we selected 17 promising strains-producers of microbiological preparations having biological efficiency exceeding 40.0 %. In control variant without seed treatment sunflower seedlings infection was up to 76.2 %, and maximal biological efficiency of laboratory samples from fungi-producers were determined for a strain M-24 Penicillium sp. (73.8 %); from bacteria of a genus Bacillus – for a strain D-10 Bacillus sp. (74.2%); from bacteria of a genus Pseudomonas – for a strain Sgc-1 Pseudomonas sp. (73.8 %). Maximal colonizing activity were noted for fungi-producers M-24 Penicillium sp. (85.7 %) and Xk-1 Ch. olivaceum (71.4 %), as well as for bacteria of a genus Bacillus – 5B-1 B. subtilis (71.4 %) and a genus Pseudomonas – Oif 2-1 Pseudomonas sp. and 14-3 P. chlororaphis (71.4 %) against Phoma infection in control of 70.0 %.

scholarly journals The application efficiency of organic fungicides against soybean diseases in the central zone of the Krasnodar region of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 02020
Author(s):  
Alexander Bushnev ◽  
Sergey Babenko ◽  
Nadezhda Bushneva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Soybean Diseases

Diseases are one of the main factors limiting the receiving of high yields of soybean. The use of biopreparations for plant protection will result in successful disease control and improve the quality of products. In 2018-2020, at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (Krasnodar), we studied the application effectiveness of biopreparations under the trademarks of BSka-3 with the active ingredients Trichoderma veride, Pseudomonas koreensis, Bacillus subtilis and BFTIM with the active ingredient Bacillus amyloliquefaciens against soybean diseases. We applied organic fungicides for seed treatment and on vegetative plants at the budding stage. The variants BSka-3 G + BFTIM G (62 %) and BSka-3 Zh + BFTIM Zh (50 %) showed the highest biological effectiveness against purple Cercospora blight, and the variant BSka-3 E + BFTIM E showed 66 % and 52 % of effectiveness against pustular and angular spot diseases. The biological effectiveness of Pyraclostrobin, EC against purple Cercospora blight, pustular and angular spot diseases was the lowest – 21, 12, and 10 %, respectively. We observed the best economic efficiency in case of application of BSka-3 E + BFTIM G – 2.31 t/ha.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of Russian Rapeseed Collection and Association Mapping of Novel Loci Affecting Glucosinolate Content

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 926
Author(s):  
Rim Gubaev ◽  
Lyudmila Gorlova ◽  
Stepan Boldyrev ◽  
Svetlana Goryunova ◽  
Denis Goryunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Independent Direction ◽  
Agronomical Traits

Rapeseed is the second most common oilseed crop worldwide. While the start of rapeseed breeding in Russia dates back to the middle of the 20th century, its widespread cultivation began only recently. In contrast to the world’s rapeseed genetic variation, the genetic composition of Russian rapeseed lines remained unexplored. We have addressed this question by performing genome-wide genotyping of 90 advanced rapeseed accessions provided by the All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK). Genome-wide genetic analysis demonstrated a clear difference between Russian rapeseed varieties and the rapeseed varieties from the rest of the world, including the European ones, indicating that rapeseed breeding in Russia proceeded in its own independent direction. Hence, genetic determinants of agronomical traits might also be different in Russian rapeseed lines. To assess it, we collected the glucosinolate content data for the same 90 genotyped accessions obtained during three years and performed an association mapping of this trait. We indeed found that the loci significantly associated with glucosinolate content variation in the Russian rapeseed collection differ from those previously reported for the non-Russian rapeseed lines.

Effects of soybean cultivar, foliar application of azoxystrobin, and year on seed vigor and microflora under delayed harvest conditions.

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Cochran ◽  
Adele Steger ◽  
Robert Holland ◽  
John C. Rupe
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Infection Incidence ◽  
Foliar Fungicide

The effects of cultivar and foliar fungicide application on soybean seed germination, vigor, microflora, and yield after delayed harvest were determined at the University of Arkansas Vegetable Research Station in Kibler, AR, from 2008 to 2010. Seven cultivars with varying levels of resistance to Diaporthe spp. or Cercospora spp. were treated or not treated with a foliar application of azoxystrobin at the R5 growth stage. Plots were harvested three weeks after the plants had reached harvest maturity. Yields were recorded, samples of seed were collected, and standard germination (SG) and accelerated aging (AA) were assessed. Seeds were also assayed for infection by fungi on modified potato dextrose agar and by bacteria on nutrient agar. Seed vigor was significantly reduced by infection with Diaporthe spp., Fusarium spp., and Bacillus subtilis, but not with Cercospora spp. Cultivar had a significant impact on yield, seed vigor, and seed infection levels. The cultivar Osage consistently had high seed vigor and low overall seed infection incidence throughout the study. MO/PSD-0259, AG 4403 and UA 4805 also had relatively high seed vigor and low seed infection incidence. PI 80837 had low incidence of seed infection by Diaporthe spp. and Fusarium spp. in 2008 and 2010, but high levels in 2009 when environmental conditions were especially favorable for these pathogens. AP 350 and Suweon97 generally had relatively high seed infection incidences, particularly of Diaporthe spp. and Fusarium spp., and relatively low seed vigor. Application of the foliar fungicide azoxystrobin at the R5 growth stage significantly increased AA across years and cultivars and increased seed infection by Diaporthe spp. in 2009 across cultivars. There were significant negative correlations between yield and seed infection by Diaporthe spp. and Bacillus subtilis in one year and with Fusarium spp. in all three years. Overall, resistance to seed infection can persist even when harvest is delayed and in addition to Diaporthe spp., other seedborne pathogens may reduce seed vigor and yield.

scholarly journals New Zealand flower thrips and their impact on nectarine fruit diseases

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
G.F. McLaren ◽  
J.A. Fraser ◽  
P.A. Alspach
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Thrips Obscuratus ◽  
The Impact

Insecticides fungicides and a bactericide were applied in spring 2001 and 2002 to nectarine trees to determine the impact of thrips (mainly New Zealand flower thrips Thrips obscuratus) on summerfruit pathogens Thrips numbers were assessed over 7 weeks from the beginning of flowering The insecticide programme increased the proportion of fruit meeting export standards for thrips damage but did not influence the level of either brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola or the bacterial diseases bacterial blast (Pseudomonas syringae) and bacterial spot (Xanthomonas arboricola pv pruni) The fungicide programme reduced the level of brown rot Cumulative thrips counts were positively correlated with levels of brown rot infection on the fruit at harvest time in 2001/02 (P002) and 2002/03 (P009) and bacterial disease symptoms in 2001/ 02 (P003) It was concluded that New Zealand flower thrips could increase levels of disease in nectarines but the value of treating with insecticides was not clear

scholarly journals The results of preliminary trial experimental hybrids of winter rapeseed bred at VNIIMK by economically valuable traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
E.A. Strelnikov ◽  
◽  
E.B. Bochkaryova ◽  
L.A. Gorlova ◽  
V.V. Serdyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Zone ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Winter Rapeseed ◽  
Standard Cultivar ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the research was a preliminary estimation of ten experimental hybrids of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) bred in the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops by the primary economically valuable traits. The research was conducted in the central zone of the Krasnodar region in 2019–2020. The results of the research are presented for the first time. On average for two years, nine of ten the best experimental hybrids increased by seeds yield by 0.32–0.76 t per ha both the standard cultivar Loris and the foreign hybrid Mercure. Middle seed yield of the studied hybrids varied significantly, variance range was from 4.99 t per ha (VN-3 × ОРK-10) to 5.62 t per ha (VN-4 × ОРK-20). Maximal values of seed and oil yields per a unit area were fixed for a hybrid combination VN-4 × ОРK-20. Except that, the hybrid is characterized with high weight of 1000 seeds (4.5 g). A hybrid combination VN-13 × ОРK-10 demonstrated high average by years seeds yield (5.33 t per ha) and oil yield (2.25 t per ha).Oil content in seeds and weight of 1000 seeds of this combination were at the level of the standard cultivar and the foreign hybrid. This hybrid shows the lowest glucosinolate content in seeds – 16.7 µmol/g, that is less that the foreign hybrid Mercure has by 2.3 µmol/g. The preliminary conclusion based on our researches is: the selected hybrids after confirmation of the competitive trial results can be of a great interest for production.

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