scholarly journals THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS PREPARATIONS AGAINST SEED INFECTION OF CABBAGE BLACK ROT

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
A. T. Orynbayev ◽  
F. S. Dzhalilov ◽  
S. N. Maslennikova
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Peroxyacetic Acid ◽  
Infection Level

Black rot (pathogen –Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) is one of the most harmful diseases of brassicas. Seedlings growing in trays in greenhouse can meet rapid spreading of the pathogen and heavy yield loss even at very low seed infection level. This work was targeted on efficiency comparison for different plant protection agents against black root infection in seeds. Antibacterial effect of the agents was tested in vitro by well diffusion, direct placement of the agent onto bacterial lawn, and by incubation of bacterial suspension with the agents. Biological efficiency of the agents against seed infection was tests by seed soaking or by wet treatment. High antibacterial effect against black rot pathogen in vitro was shown for bacteriophage cocktail, Biocomposite-correct, Zeroxxe, Peroxyacetic acid (NUK15), Ps 11, and Kocide 2000. Highest biological efficiency against seed infection by black rot was shown for bacteriophage cocktail, Biocomposite-correct, Zeroxxe, Peroxyacetic acid (NUK15), and Kocide 2000.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Dental Luting Cements on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus: An in vitro Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 973-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Khan ◽  
SMA Feroz ◽  
A Bhoyar
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Luting Cements ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test

ABSTRACT Introduction This study aimed at evaluating and comparing the antibacterial activity of six types of dental luting cements on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus using the agar diffusion test (ADT) and the direct-contact test (DCT). The antibacterial activity in ADT was measured based on the diameter of the zone of inhibition formed, whereas in DCT the density of the bacterial suspension was measured. The lower the density of the suspension, the more antibacterial activity the cement possesses. Materials and methods Agar diffusion test was carried out on the bacteria. After an incubation period of 24 hours, the plates were checked for the presence of zone of inhibition. In DCT the cement was mixed and applied. Once the cement was set, bacterial suspension and brain–heart infusion medium was poured and incubated for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the plate was placed in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plate reader, which measured the optical density of the fluid. The first set of data was recorded approximately 1 hour after incubation. Overall, three sets of data were recorded. Additional experiments were performed on set test materials that were allowed to age for 24 hours, 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months. Results When using ADT only two cements zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) and zinc polycarboxylate (ZPC) cement showed antibacterial activity against the test organisms. When using DCT, all cements showed some amount of antibacterial activity. Zinc oxide eugenol and ZPC cement showed highest amount of antibacterial activity against S. mutans and L. acidophilus respectively. Conclusion Within the limitations of study, ZOE cement and ZPC cement were most effective against the tested microorganisms followed by the newer resin cement. The glass ionomer cement was the weakest of all. Clinical significance Patients with high caries index can be treated more effectively using the abovementioned cements. How to cite this article Feroz SMA, Bhoyar A, Khan S. Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Dental Luting Cements on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(12):973-977.

scholarly journals Laboratory assessment of fungicide efficiency against seed infection of soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
D.А. Kurilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute

The research was conducted in the laboratory of plant protection of the agrotechnological department of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in 2019. The purpose of the research was search of the effective preparations with fungicide and bacterial actions for soybean seed protection against seed infection in the lab conditions. We tested 17 fungicides of the different penetration methods and actions permitted for application in the Russian Federation, nine of which are register on soybean and nine ones have a potential effect for studying crop. Seed for lab germination were rolled in filter paper in the moister chamber due to the State Standards 12038-84 and 12044–93. Laboratory germination of soybean seed in control without treatment was equal to 61.5%, whereas in variants with protectant application – by 4.0–28.0% higher as seed infection was lowered. High biological efficiency against bacterial diseases was noted for registered on soybean fungicides Vitalon, CS (56.9%), ТМТD, WDG (51.1%), Delit Pro, CS (51.1%), and for nonregistered preparations – Prozaro, EC (53.2%), Tebu 60, OE (43.6%) and Prozaro Quantum, EC (40.4%) as infection in control was equal to 46.0%. Fusariose infection of soybean seeds and seedlings was lower than with bacterial disease and equal to 17.0% in control. Among registered on soybean preparations Spirit, SC (93.9%), Acanto Plus, CS (88.3%), Maxim Gold, CS, Vitalon, CS (82.2%), Delit Pro, КС (72.0%) demonstrated effectiveness against fusariose at efficiency of etalon ТМТD, WSC of 32.0%. Among non-registered preparation effective were Lamador, CS and Zato, WDG (100%), Oplot Trio, WSC (82.2 %), Redigo Pro, CS (73.7%) and Raxil Ultra, CS (68.0%). Due to results of laboratory testing, Vitalon, CS; Prozaro, CE; Prozaro Quantum, CE; ТМТD, WSC; Tebu 60, OE and Delit Pro, CS are the best fungicides with bacterial effect.

scholarly journals Control of black rot taking into account etiology and epidemiology in the vineyards of Crimea

2020 ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
Евгения Спиридоновна Галкина ◽  
Наталья Васильевна Алейникова ◽  
Владимир Владимирович Андреев ◽  
Елена Александровна Болотянская ◽  
Владимир Николаевич Шапоренко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

В последнее время на насаждениях основных виноградарских зон Крыма практически на всех сортах наблюдается ежегодное проявление заболевания чёрная гниль ягод винограда (возбудитель Macrophoma flaccida (Viala et Rav.) Cav.). В условиях 2015-2019 гг. проведенными исследованиями уточнены диагностические признаки, изучены этиология и эпидемиология болезни, установлены особенности сезонной динамики развития. Показано, что отмечаемое в последние годы распространение на виноградных насаждениях Крыма поражения ягод M. flaccida по типу черной гнили, особенно на старых виноградниках, обусловлено накоплением на многолетних частях виноградного куста его телеоморфы Botryosphaeria dothidea , что, в свою очередь, связано с неудовлетворительным уровнем агротехники и наличием большого количества брошенных необрабатываемых участков культуры. В условиях Крыма выделены наиболее поражаемые заболеванием технические (Мускат белый, Мускат розовый, Шардоне, Алиготе, Ркацители) и столовые (Молдова, Италия, Аркадия) сорта винограда. Для формирования оптимального ассортимента фунгицидов и разработки систем защиты винограда, обеспечивающих высокую биологическую эффективность в контроле развития черной гнили проводился скрининг химических фунгицидов и биофунгицидов в условиях in vitro. В серии лабораторных и полевых опытов получены новые экспериментальные данные о высокой биологической эффективности 2 биофунгицидов (в т.ч. 1 отечественного) и 9 химических фунгицидов в отношении микромицета Macrophoma flaccida , а также определены оптимальные сроки их применения. Лучшая эффективность получена в случае профилактического использования всех изучаемых фунгицидов, начиная с фенологической фазы «после цветения». On plantations of the main viticultural zones of Crimea the annual performance of symptoms of the black rot disease of grape berries (infectant - Macrophoma flaccida (Viala et Rav.) Cav.) is increasingly observed on almost all grape varieties. In conditions of 2015-2019 the conducted researches clarified the diagnostic properties. Etiology and epidemiology of the disease were studied, features of the seasonal dynamics of development were established. Affection of berries by M. flaccida with the symptoms of black rot, especially in old vineyards, observed recent years on vine plantations of Crimea, is due to the accumulation of its teleomorph Botryosphaeria dothidea on perennial parts of a vine bush, which, in its turn, is associated with the unsatisfactory level of agricultural technology and presence of a large number of abandoned uncultivated areas of culture. In the conditions of Crimea, the most affected by disease grape varieties of wine (‘Muscat Blanc’, ‘Muscat Rose’, ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Aligote’, ‘Rkatsiteli’) and table (‘Moldova’, ‘Italia’, ‘Arcadia’) direction were identified. For the formation of an optimal range of fungicides and the development of grape protection systems, ensuring high biological efficiency in controlling the development of black rot, the screening of chemical fungicides and biofungicides was carried out in the conditions in vitro . New experimental data of high biological effectiveness of two biofungicides (including one domestic) and nine chemical fungicides in regard to micromycete Macrophoma flaccida were obtained in a series of laboratory and field experiments. Optimal timing of their application was also determined. The best efficiency was noted in case of preventive treatment of all fungicides under study starting from the phenological phase "after flowering".

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ROYAL GELLY AGAINST PATHOGEN ESCHERICHIA COLI

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dinkov ◽  
D. Stratev ◽  
R. Balkanska
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Before And After ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Pathogen Strains

In the study was used a pathogen strain of E. coli, caused septicemia for ducks,resistant for different antibacterial agents: Amoxicillin, Lincospectin, Chloramphenicol,Doxycyclin, Enrofl oxacin, Sulfonamides and Trimetoprim. Bacterial suspension of E.coli icontaminated each from test solutions in TSB of royal jelly (n=6), mixes of royaljelly and rape honey, and independent used rape honey (10–45% v/v). Have in mindexactly counts of colonies before and after incubation from each of test substanceswas calculated the percent of reduction up to 30 min, and after incubation (24 hand 48 h). In almost all concentrations of royal jelly (10–45 v/v), were found totalinhibition effect to E. coli. Mixes from royal jelly and rape honey (1:100) possesseda higher antibacterial effect, compared with independent use of rape honey. Up to45% (v/v), rape honey does not cause total antibacterial reduction. Royal jelly andmixes from royal jelly and rape honey have potential as alternative therapeuticsagents against resistant for antibiotics pathogen strains of E. coli.

scholarly journals First Report of Black Rot on Arugula Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in Argentina

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Romero ◽  
R. Zapata ◽  
M. S. Montecchia
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
First Report ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Water Plants ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris Pv Campestris

During the fall of 2005, arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.) plants grown in experimental field plots in Buenos Aires, Argentina presented V-shaped necrotic lesions on leaf margins and blackened veins with broad yellow halos, followed by leaf necrosis. At flowering, 96% of the plants were affected with 27% of the leaves with symptoms. Yellow, round, mucoid, convex, bacterial colonies were isolated from several leaves on yeast dextrose chalk agar. Two strains were further studied. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Xcc8004 was used as a control. Strains were gram negative, rod shaped, strictly aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase and urease-negative, hydrolyzed starch, gelatine and aesculin, and did not reduce nitrate (2). Pathogenicity was tested by spraying 10 3-week-old arugula plants with either a bacterial suspension (107 CFU/ml) or sterile water. Plants were placed in plastic bags for 72 h after inoculation. All inoculated plants showed necrotic lesions enlarging from the margin of the leaves 7 days after inoculation. No lesions were observed on control plants. On the basis of biochemical characterization (2) and genomic fingerprints generated by BOX-PCR (1), the pathogen was identified as X. campestris pv. campestris. To our knowledge, this is the first report of X. campestris pv. campestris causing black rot on arugula in Argentina. References: (1) J. L. Rademaker et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50:665, 2000. (2) N. W. Schaad et al. Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. 3rd ed. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2001.

scholarly journals Influence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris on the growth of etiolated and photosynthetic seedlings of Brassica oleracea

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
A. A. Ushakov ◽  
E. G. Kozar ◽  
I. A. Engalycheva
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Etiolated Seedlings ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris Pv Campestris

Relevance. In recent years, physiologists are very interested in studying the characteristics of the growth and development of seedlings under conditions of etiolation. Etiolated seedlings, as a model object, are interesting in studying the responses of a plant organism to the effects of various biotic environmental factors. In this regard, a comprehensive study of the characteristics of the influence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Хсс) on growth processes in the early stages of development of white cabbage plants, depending on the racial composition of the pathogen, is very important.Material and method. The study was carried out on the basis of the immunity and plant protection laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSVC). The material of research were seeds of two varieties of white cabbage with different resistance to vascular bacteriosis and four races of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Хсс1, Хсс3, Хсс4 и Хсс6). Sterile seeds of each variety were laid out in Petri cups. Infection with different races of Xcc was carried out by introducing into each Petri cup 1 ml of a bacterial suspension of a two-day culture at a concentration of 106 cells/ml. Half of the Petri cups were placed in a thermostat without illumination, the other was exposed to light under a 16- hour regime of illumination with diffused light. The magnitude and orientation of biological effects of studied factors on biometric parameters of seedlings were evaluated by the relative deviation of the difference between parameters of the experimental and control variants.Results. A different degree of influence of the resistance of the variety and the aggressiveness of the pathogen race on the growth of individual parts of the seedling has been established, and the response of etiolated and photosynthetic seedlings to infection is often the opposite. In the susceptible cultivar Slava 1305, acceleration of root and hypocotyl growth in the dark (Хсс3, Хсс4 and Хсс1) and inhibition of these processes in the light (Хсс1, Хсс4 and Хсс6) were noted. Relatively stable SB-3 F1 hybrid has more pronounced raspecificity of the effect of Xcc on root growth and stimulation of hypocotyl growth in all variants, which was 2-8 times lower in etiolated seedlings when infected with Xcc6 and Xcc1 races than in light ones, and when infected by the races Xcc1 and Xcc4, the effect was comparable. 

scholarly journals Antagonism of Bacillus spp. against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Monteiro ◽  
Rosa de Lima Ramos Mariano ◽  
Ana Maria Souto-Maior
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Surfactant Activity ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris Pv Campestris ◽  
Late Growth

The antagonism of eight Bacillus isolates was investigated against nine strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (causal agent of crucifers black rot) to assess the role of lipopeptides in this process. Antimicrobial and hemolytic (surfactant) activity tests were performed in vitro using agar diffusion methods. Antibiosis and hemolysis were positive for four Bacillus isolates against all X. campestris pv. campestris strains. The correlation observed between antimicrobial and hemolytic activities indicated that lipopeptides were involved in the antibiosis mechanism of the studied antagonists. Fermentation studies were carried out with the isolates that showed highest antimicrobial and hemolytic activities, to follow up growth and production of bioactive and surfactant compounds. Production of bioactive and surfactant compounds was observed during the late growth phase of the Bacillus isolates.

Evaluation of effectiveness of bacteriophage agent for cabbage black rot control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.T. Orynbayev ◽  
◽  
K.A. Miroshnikov ◽  
A.N. Ignatov ◽  
F.S. Dzhalilov
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Phage Cocktail ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
Skimmed Milk ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris Pv Campestris

Twenty-one isolates of bacteriophages specific to eleven target strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris were isolated from soil samples collected under black rot-infected cabbage plants. After the analysis of phagotyping for seventy-three phytopathogen strains against newly isolated isolates and four collection strains of bacteriophages, it was proposed to construct a phage cocktail including 6 isolates In vitro screening of protective from ultraviolet radiation substances under the UV-B range showed that skim milk (0.75%), Riboflavin (0.5%) and ascorbic acid (0.1%) showed the highest effect for bacteriophages. Under the conditions of a film greenhouse, the best protective effect from solar UV radiation on the 8th day after spraying cabbage was shown by the option with the addition of skimmed milk (0.75%) and Riboflavin (0.5%). According to our data, these substances can provide a long-term photoprotective effect of the bacteriophage preparation..

scholarly journals Examinations of potential environmental friendly materials against tomato and pepper patogens

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tóbiás ◽  
J. Lehoczki-Tornai ◽  
Z. Szalai ◽  
L. Csambalik ◽  
A. Ferenczy
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
Wine Vinegar ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice

In organic farming systems the focus is on prevention with regards to plant protection. To follow the rules of Good Agricultural Practice one is able to avoid serious yield losses; if it is not possible the use of allowed materials are permitted. Organic farmers have less material to protect their plants so it is necessary to find effective potential materials. Bacterial and fungal diseases of tomato and pepper can cause serious losses in yield. Different materials were tested against some plant pathogen bacterial (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and fungal (Phytoptora infestans, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotium) strains in order to find potential materials in the field of organic seed treatment. In vitro trials have shown that vinegar, cider vinegar, red wine vinegar, white wine vinegar, cinnamon and thyme oil have inhibiting effect against the causative agent of bacteria and fungi. Germination test has shown that examined vinegar types do not decrease germination ability if the concentration is low, but in higher (more than 5%) concentration it ruins the germination ability. Even in 0,5% concentration of red — and white vine vinegar have good effect on germination capacity.

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation for the efficacy of the chemicals/ antibiotics, botanicals and bioagents against black rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) of cauliflower in plains of Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
S. Lakshmi Prasanna ◽  
S. Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Turmeric Extract ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris Pv Campestris

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis) is one of the important cool season vegetable crop grown in India. One of the major disease which causes huge loss (50-70%) is black rot of cauliflower caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris. In the present studyin vitro evaluation of chemicals/ antibiotics, botanicals and bio agents were studied and best selected treatments were studied at field level. Two antibiotics-Streptocycline, Tetracycline, (100,200,250ppm); Two chemicals- Copper oxychloride, Copper hydroxide, (0.15%, 0.2%); one combination of antibiotic and chemical Copper oxychloride + Streptocycline (0.15%+100ppm). Four botanicals leaf extract of tea, tea waste decoction, garlic extract, turmeric extract at two different concentrations 5 and 10 per cent and two bioagents Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluoresces were tested for their efficacy against Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris. The results were garlic extract 10 per cent was found to be effective against the pathogen followed by tetracycline 250 ppm. The untreated control recorded the maximum disease incidence, followed by turmeric extract 10 per cent application. But there observed no significant difference among the treatments Tetracycline 250, 200 ppm, P. fluorescens, copper hydroxide 0.2%, garlic extract 5 per cent and turmeric extract 10 per cent are found to be on par.

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