scholarly journals Identity of genes of resistance to broomrape race G in sunflower lines of different origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
S.Z. Guchetl ◽  
◽  
T.A. Antonova ◽  
N.M. Araslanova ◽  
T.A. Chelyustnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Russian Research

Broomrape is an obligate parasite and one of the most significant biotic factors reducing sunflower yield. The main means of controlling broomrape is breeding for sunflower resistance to it. New strategies are required to develop parasite resistant breeding germplasm, such as a stacking of key genes or a combination of qualitative and quantitative resistance mechanisms. In this regard, it is necessary to keep searching for new sources of resistance and to combine existing genes in case they are not identical. Thus, it is necessary to determine whether the genes of resistance to race G of broomrape are identical in the sunflower lines bred at the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. The research material was the previously developed sunflower lines RG, RGP1, RGP2, RGВ, RGL1, RGL2, and RGM – donors of resistance to race G of broomrape. The F1 hybrids from pair crossbreeding of these lines were obtained in a greenhouse. The F2 hybrids were obtained in the field by self-pollination of F1 hybrid plants. Plants were tested in a greenhouse for resistance and susceptibility to broomrape using the method of early diagnosis. Mathematical processing was performed by using the χ 2 -test. 13 combinations of crossbreeding were received to complete the test for allelism. In each F1 combination 11–33 plants were evaluated for resistance to race G of broomrape. Among the tested combinations, there was no one resistant to broomrape. Despite the differences in the number of affected plants, the affection degree was small in all hybrid combinations – from 1.0 to 1.8. All F2 hybrid combinations were also affected by broomrape. For eight combinations of F2, two phenotypic classes were found. There was no segregation in three combinations. The number of plants of two combinations was too small to perform χ 2 -test. In general, the χ 2 values were higher than the acceptable ones with a probability of 0.05, which indicates that the genes of resistance to race G of broomrape in these lines are identical.

scholarly journals The number of glandular trichomes on the peduncles of true lavender inflorescences as an additional breeding trait for essential oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
S.V. Zelentsov ◽  
◽  
E.V. Moshnenko ◽  
T.P. Shuvaeva ◽  
I.V. Gaytotina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Distribution Density ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research

The main receptacle of essential oil in true lavender is the peltate glandular trichomes of the calyxes in the whorls of the inflorescences. Their average size is 175 ± 25 µm, in some cases – up to 250 µm. For the extraction of lavender oil, not only the calyxes are used, but the whole inflorescences including the flowering shoots. The surface of the peduncles of lavender inflorescences is also covered with peltate glandular trichomes. However, their contribution to the total volume of essential oil in the inflorescence has almost never been determined. The aim of this research was to study the distribution density of glandular trichomes within the inflorescence and to determine the proportion of the contribution of flowering trichomes to the formation of essential oil in the inflorescence. The research was carried out in 2021 on the basis of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in two ecological and geographical points of the Krasnodar region. The object of the study was the true lavender varieties Voznesenskaya 34, Rannyaya, Yuzhanka and Voznesenskaya Aroma. It was found that the size of glandular trichomes on peduncles of true lavender is 90 ± 15 µm. Their number on peduncles, depending on the variety, varies from 2141 to 3003 pcs. The density of distribution of glandular trichomes on the surface of peduncles is equal to 8.60–14.93 pcs/mm3 . The total volume of essential oil in all glandular trichomes of peduncles is 0.41–0.57 cmm . The total volume of essential oil in the inflorescences varied from 2.28 to 5.15 cmm . The share of essential oil in the glandular trichomes of the peduncles in relation to the entire inflorescence ranged from 9.33 to 19.56%. It is concluded that peltate glandular trichomes on flower-bearing axes make a significant contribution to the essential oil content of lavender inflorescences. For the selection of true lavender to increase the essential oil content and the yield of essential oil, an additional selection trait is proposed – the amount of glandular trichomes on the surface of peduncles, which can be regulated by changing their distribution density on the surface of peduncles, or increasing the length of inflorescences.

scholarly journals The effect of herbicides on winter false flax (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Oksana Serdyuk ◽  
Victoria Trubina ◽  
Lyudmila Gorlova
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
False Flax ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Flax Seeds ◽  
Russian Research

The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of herbicides on winter false flax and to identify the preparation that does not effect negatively on crop plants. The research was carried out in 20182020 at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. The experiment scheme included herbicides with active ingredients (a.i.), which effectively decreased the number of weeds on the plots. The effectiveness of the preparations was more than 70% for different types of weeds. However, the variants with the application of preparations with a.i. clopyralid 300 g/l, S-Metolachlor 960 g/l, ethametsulfuronmethyl 750 g/kg significantly decreased the plant density (by 18-32 pcs/m2) and seed yield (by 0.33-0.52 t/ha) of false flax in comparison with the control. The oil content of seeds was significantly decreased in the variants with the herbicides with a.i. S-Metolachlor 960 g/l with the application rate of 1.6 l/ha and ethametsulfuron-methyl 750 g/kg (by 1.2-1.5 %). In other variants, the oil content of false flax seeds differed from the control insignificantly (by 0.3-0.4 %). It has been established that the preparation with a.i. quinmerac 83 g/l + metazachlor 333 g/l with the application rate of 2.0 or 2.5 l/ha should be applied to decrease the number of weeds in the sowings of winter false flax in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. This preparation, without having a toxic effect, increases the yield by 0.15-0.17 t/ha and does not decrease the plant density and oil content of false flax seeds.

scholarly journals Efficiency of selection of self-fertile sunflower biotypes in production of foundation and breeder seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
A.D. Bochkovoy ◽  
◽  
V.I. Khatnyansky ◽  
V.A. Kamardin ◽  
D.A. Nazarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Crops ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Breeder Seed ◽  
High Level ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
Seed Growing ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research

The researches were conducted on fields of OOO NPO “Triumph”, the Matveevo-Kurgansky district of Rostov region and V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar in 2017–2020. The purpose of the research was to develop methodology of selection of self-fertile sunflower genotypes in foundation and breeder seed production. Our work resulted in development of improved population Dobrynya plus. Middle self-fertility of this population at self-pollination was 13.7% vs. 5.2% of the initial variety (increased by 2.6 times), a ratio of the most valuable genotypes with amount of fully formed seeds more than 150 seeds per a plant increased from 13.5 to 26.4% (by 1.9 times). At the open flowering and free insect pollination, population Dobrynya plus does not differ by its economically valuable traits from the initial variety. But at the close flowering, without insects pollination, yield of the population Dobrynya plus was 0.93 t per ha vs. 0.52 t per ha of the initial variety (increase by 1.8 times). At selection of elite seeds from sunflower varietal populations for seed growing, the most perspective are the biotypes with high level of self-fertility which traits are held stable in the different environments. Improvement of sunflower variety by 11 self-fertility does not lead to decreasing of its yield qualities by the main economically valuable traits. The obtained experimental data prove a prospectivity of researches directed on improvement of sunflower variety populations by self-fertility at production of foundation and breeder seeds and possibility to reach successful results.

scholarly journals Breeding of winter rapeseed in VNIIMK: history and new results (review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
E.B. Bochkaryova ◽  
◽  
L.A. Gorlova ◽  
E.A. Strelnikov ◽  
V.V. Serdyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Resistance ◽  
The State ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Winter Rapeseed ◽  
Intraspecific Hybrids ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

Breeding of winter rapeseed in the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops was started at the end of 60th of previous century with a selection of perspective winter forms from hybrids of spring brown mustard and winter rapeseed. Heterosis in intraspecific hybrids was studied. The best intraspecific hybrids exceeded the parental forms by 20–36% by seed yield, by 20–27% by green mass yield. A possibility to create intervarietal hybrids based on heterostyly was studied. Conditions for plants acclimation to increase cold resistance of winter rapeseed were studied; methods of selection for cold resistance were developed. In 1982, the development of rapeseed and turnip rape cultivars of ‘00’ type began. To create diversity of breeding germplasm, a great amount of samples from European counties that actively deals with rapeseed breeding were included into the work. In the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, the methods of estimation of oil and fodder protein quality were perfected, cultivars of rapeseed and turnip rape of ‘00’ type (e.g. erucic acid free and with low glucosinolate content) were developed. As a result of breeding for oil quality, high oleic cultivars were developed, that not only improve upon the oil nutritive efficiency but open new possibilities of its technical uses due to increasing oxi- and thermostability. The first Russian high oleic winter rapeseed cultivar Olivin was developed in the V.S. Pustovoit AllRussian Research Institute of Oil Crops and introduced in the State Variety Commission in 2019. The linear cultivars of winter rapeseed were developed by inbreeding, the first interlinear hybrids – using a CMS Ogura system. One of them named Debyut was introduced in the State variety trials 2020.

scholarly journals Characterization of F1 interspecific hybrids between wild Helianthus annuus L. populations and cultivated sunflower

Genetika ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreten Terzic ◽  
Jovanka Atlagic ◽  
Dejana Pankovic
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Pollen Vitality

Phenotype, chromosomes pairing and pollen vitality were compared between parental populations and F1 hybrids of interspecific cross between Helianthus annuus L. and cultivated sunflower. The investigation of the simple sequence repeats (SSR) polymorphism was also used to test the hybrid nature of F1 populations. The phenotypic traits of F1 hybrid plants were either closer to the wild species or intermediate. Irregular chromosome pairing was found in only 0 to 10% of meiocytes in the meiosis of F1 hybrid plants. Interspecific crosses were confirmed with SSR markers in all hybrid combinations. Alleles that were not present in parental DNA were frequently observed in F1 hybrids. That is additional evidence that those hybrid combinations were not produced by self-fertilization. The results suggest that SSR markers can be efficiently used for the F1 hybrid characterization in crosses between closely related species, in which, the changes of phenotype, meiosis and pollen vitality are not always significant.

scholarly journals The new spring rapeseed variety Sibiryak 60

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
G.N. Kuznetsova ◽  
◽  
R.S. Polyakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Rapeseed Variety ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

In 2020, we submitted the spring rapeseed variety Sibiryak 60 bred at the Siberian Experimental Station (branch of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops) to the State Commission of the Russian Federation on testing and protection of the selection achievements. We developed the variety by the method of multiple individual-family selection from the variety Avangard (All-Russian Research Institute of Rapeseed, Lipetsk). In 2012, there was identified an elite plant and further breeding work was carried out to improve the main economic traits: early maturity, productivity, oil content, resistance to lodging, seed falling and to the main pathogens. The general characteristics of the variety are high seed productivity and low content of glucosinolates in seeds. According to the results of the competitive variety trial (2018–2020), the spring rapeseed variety Sibiryak 60 exceeded the standard variety Granit in seed yield by 0.29 t/ha and in oil yield by 0.12 t/ha. In the conditions of the Krasnodar region, the variety Sibiryak 60 exceeded the standard variety Granit in seed yield by 0.31 t/ha, in the conditions of the Lipetsk region – by 0.30 t/ha. The new variety is meant to for cultivation for seeds in the Volgo-Vyatka (4), Middle Volga (7), Ural (9), West Siberian (10), and East Siberian (11) regions. The originator of the variety Sibiryak 60 is V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops.

scholarly journals Search and analysis of nuclear sequences in sunflower genome associated with genes of resistance to bromrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) races

2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
D.L. Savichenko ◽  
◽  
S.Z. Guchetl ◽  
A.V. Golovatskaya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Map ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Sunflower Genome ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research

Studying of sunflower lines resistant to broomrape race G, bred in V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK), Krasnodar showed the genetic control of resistance is monogenic with incomplete dominance. The purpose of the research was to seek and analyze molecular markers for the genes of resistance to broomrape race G using PCRmethods. In our research we used six developed in VNIIMK lines-donors resistant to broomrape race G: RGP1, RGP2, RGB, RGL1, RGL2, RGA, and susceptible lines VK 101, VK 678, VK 680. We extracted DNA from the leaves of young sunflower plants using STAB-buffer. For PCR-analysis we used 17 pairs of primers of two types: SCAR (sequence characterized amplified region) and SSR (simple sequence repeat). Conditions of amplification are as recommended by authors of markers with experimental selection of a temperature for primers hybridization. Within the research we balanced involved into work SSR- and 12 SCAR-loci using BLAST and a set of HanXRQr1.0. Due to these data we composed a physical map of loci location. After assessment of six resistant and three susceptible parental lines, seven markers demonstrated polymorphism by a length of locus DNA and two ones – by presence/absence of amplified fragment. For markers ORS 683 and ORS 1112 we observed a relation between loci polymorphism and susceptibility of parental lines to broomrape. This was certified with a presence of an allele of 364 n.p. length in ORS 683 and an absence of an allele of 375 n.p. length in ORS 1112. These markers were noted as primary ones for hybridological analysis in F1 и F2 with selected pairs for crossing. Additional markers will be selected individually using obtained data on loci polymorphism. Thus, as a result of the research we created a physical map for the further markers selection, found hybrid combinations and markers from the studied ones for hybridological analysis.

scholarly journals Plutella xylostella (L.) population control in sowings of spring rapeseed using pheromones

2022 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Sergey Semerenko ◽  
Nadezhda Bushneva
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Instrumental Method ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Synthetic Sex Pheromone ◽  
Disruption Method ◽  
Russian Research

The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) is a common pest of rapeseed and other crops of Brassicaceae family. Annual yield losses and costs of pest control worldwide are estimated at $ 4-5 billion. The pest has an increased tendency to develop resistance to insecticides. The use of traps with synthetic sex pheromone is a modern instrumental method of monitoring P. xylostella. The use of the mating disruption method will effectively decrease pest numbers and reduce the application of insecticides. In 2017-2020, we researched the pheromone activity and evaluated the mating disruption method in the sowings of spring rapeseed at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK) (Krasnodar). We established that P. xylostella males were caught in traps with all tested dispenser types. The pheromone showed the greatest activity on the foil-film dispenser (F). The mating disruption method effectively decreased P. xylostella population in rapeseed sowing; the disruption effect by the end of crop vegetation was high and reached 82.5 %.

scholarly journals THE CERTIFICATION OF SUNFLOWER LINES FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE DON EXPERIMENTAL STATION OF V.S. PUSTOVOIT ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF OIL CROPS BY USING DNA MARKERS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Golovatskaya ◽  
◽  
S.Z. Guchetl ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The aim of this research was to develop molecular genetic passports of sunflower lines from the collection of the Don experimental station of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops based on polymorphic fractions of microsatellite DNA. We used 17 lines as a research material. We used 12 pairs of primers for genotyping. We found that the ORS 559 locus was monomorphic for these samples. The rest of the loci had from 2 to 4 alleles. The average number of alleles per locus was 2.75, PIC – 0.49, the effective number of alleles – 2.16. The analysis of the DNA profiles of the lines showed the individuality of the allelic composition of each of them. The analysis of the genetic relations between the lines showed that the studied lines were divided into two groups, with a genetic distance between them of 5.9.

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