scholarly journals Breeding of winter rapeseed in VNIIMK: history and new results (review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
E.B. Bochkaryova ◽  
◽  
L.A. Gorlova ◽  
E.A. Strelnikov ◽  
V.V. Serdyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Resistance ◽  
The State ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Winter Rapeseed ◽  
Intraspecific Hybrids ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

Breeding of winter rapeseed in the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops was started at the end of 60th of previous century with a selection of perspective winter forms from hybrids of spring brown mustard and winter rapeseed. Heterosis in intraspecific hybrids was studied. The best intraspecific hybrids exceeded the parental forms by 20–36% by seed yield, by 20–27% by green mass yield. A possibility to create intervarietal hybrids based on heterostyly was studied. Conditions for plants acclimation to increase cold resistance of winter rapeseed were studied; methods of selection for cold resistance were developed. In 1982, the development of rapeseed and turnip rape cultivars of ‘00’ type began. To create diversity of breeding germplasm, a great amount of samples from European counties that actively deals with rapeseed breeding were included into the work. In the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, the methods of estimation of oil and fodder protein quality were perfected, cultivars of rapeseed and turnip rape of ‘00’ type (e.g. erucic acid free and with low glucosinolate content) were developed. As a result of breeding for oil quality, high oleic cultivars were developed, that not only improve upon the oil nutritive efficiency but open new possibilities of its technical uses due to increasing oxi- and thermostability. The first Russian high oleic winter rapeseed cultivar Olivin was developed in the V.S. Pustovoit AllRussian Research Institute of Oil Crops and introduced in the State Variety Commission in 2019. The linear cultivars of winter rapeseed were developed by inbreeding, the first interlinear hybrids – using a CMS Ogura system. One of them named Debyut was introduced in the State variety trials 2020.

scholarly journals Introduction of Orel red currant varieties into the West-Siberian region

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
O. Golyayeva
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Siberian Region ◽  
The West ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Red Currant ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

Abstract. The results of the state testing of red currant varieties in the Prokopievsky Fruit-Berry State Station of Variety Testing (West-Siberian region) in 2015–2017 are presented. The task of the research was to test the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding red currant varieties in the soil-climatic conditions of the West-Siberian region. Methods. 13 varieties from the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (Orel region), 5 varieties from the Novosibirsk Zonal Fruit-Berry Experimental Station (Novosibirsk region) and 3 varieties from the South-Urals Research Institute of Fruit and Potato Growing (Chelyabinsk) were studied. The red currant variety “Red Cross” in the West-Siberian region was taken as a standard. The observations and records were carried out according to the Methods of the state variety testing of agricultural crops. Results. For three year of the study, on the average, the productivity of the standard was 63.3 centner per hectare. The varieties from the former Novosibirsk Zonal Fruit-Berry Experimental Station “Valensiya”, “Khrustyashchaya” and “Eliza” were on the same level of productivity with the standard, while “Rozita” was inferior to the standard. The varieties from the South-Urals Research Institute of Fruit and Potato Growing significantly exceeded the standard in terms of the crop load: “Ilyinka”, “Ural’skaya krasnaya” and “Ural’skaya belaya” (93.3–84.4 centner/ha). The varieties from the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding had higher rate of productivity: 122.5 centner/ha (“Marmeladnitza” – 102.6 centner/ha (white-fruit variety “Belka”). “Gollandskaya krasnaya”, “Khrustyashchaya”, “Belka”, “Uralskaya belaya” and “Roza” are characterized by a dessert taste (5.0 point). In conditions of the Kemerovo region the varieties “Asya”, “Dar Orla”, “Dana”, “Ilyinka”, “Marmeladnitza”, “Orlovchanka”, “Podarok leta”, “Ural’skaya krasavitsa”, “Niva” and “Belka” are characterized by large size of fruit with maximal berry weight of 0.9–1.3 g. “Ilyinka”, “Marmeladnitsa”, “Ural’skaya krasnaya”, “Belka” and “Ural’skaya belaya” demonstrated a complex resistance the main diseases of red currants- anthracnose and septoria. Scientific novelty and practical importance. The results of the introduction showed that the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding red currant varieties have high environmental adaptability to the conditions of the sharply continental climate. As a result of the testing, the varieties “Asya”, “Dana”, “Marmeladnitsa”, “Orlovchanka”, “Dar Orla” and “Podarok leta” (Orel breeding) are included in the State Register of breeding achievements admitted for use in the West-Siberian region.

SOURCES AND DONORS OF A BLACK CURRANT RESISTANCE TO DISEASE AND CURRANT BIG BUD MITE

1970 ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Е. G. Akulenko ◽  
М. V. Kanshina ◽  
Е. Ya. Yukhatcheva ◽  
G. L. Yagovenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
High Yield ◽  
State Testing ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The article presents the results of black currant breeding in the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupin. The work on the variety study and selection of black currant has been carried out since 1969. Fungal diseases and pests of black currant are important limiting factors to increase berries yield and quality. Search and breeding of new high adapted initial forms with increased resistance to ecological stressors is the most radical solution of the problem of plant protection against dangerous phytopathogens. Different species and ecotypes are used to develop resistance varieties by recurrent (periodic) selection with the cycle use of crossbreeding and inbreeding. Varieties and lines with the gene plasma of species Ribes nigrum ssp. europaeum Jancz; R. nigrum ssp. scandinavicum, R. nigrum ssp. sibirucum (Wolf.) Pavl., R. dikuscha Fisch., R. glutinosum Benth., R. petiolare Dougl., R. odoratum Wendl., R. janczewskii Pojark are used. The donors of resistance to mildew and shot hole in selection were a varieties and lines with genes of dikusha currant, No. 360/1 and No. 360/2 with genes of sticky currant, hybrid 42-7 cross-bred from the inbred lines of Alfa and Primorskiy Chempion. The donor 762-5-82 with the gene Ce and the variety Izyumnaya with the gene P are the source of immunity to bud mite. The vars. Dobrynya, Izyumnaya, Yadrenaya, Sokrovitshe, Belorusskaya sladkaya etc. are the donors and sources of large fruits and high quality of berries. The hybrids 7-1-174, 7-1-157, 7-1-215, 7-1-161, 7-1-105, 7-1-136,7-1-154 have been selected in the family (762-5-82 х Dobrynya) х Yadrenaya.  Their average berries’ weight is from 2.4 to 2.8 g, the content of vitamin C is from 216 to 267 mg/100 g. They are resistant to fungi diseases and bud mite. Nowadays the State List of breeding achievements consists of 14 varieties of black currants bred in the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupin – Seletchenskaya, Sevtchanka, Perun, Nara, Gulliver, Dobrynya, Selethcenskaya 2, Golubitchka, Izyumnaya, Dar Smol’yaninovoy, Litvinovskaya, Kudmig, Solov’inaya Notch and Podarok Astakhova. They have high yield, reliable adaptability and berries yield. The varieties Partizanka bryanskaya, Lider, Uslada, Tchara, Lakomka, Mavladi, Sasha and Tsyganotchka are under the State testing. 

scholarly journals The stability of varieties is an important element of the integrated protection of flax from

2021 ◽  
Vol 214 (11) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Kudryavceva
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The State ◽  
State Register ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to characterize the varieties of long-legged flax included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in terms of resistance to fusarium wilt, rust, anthracnose and pasmo. The research was conducted in 2018–2020 in vegetative, laboratory and field conditions at the All-Russian Research Institute of Flax (currently: A separate division Research Institute of Flax). As an object of research, we used varieties of flax-long-legged flax included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation for 2018–2020. Methods. The studies were carried out using modern mycological and phytopathological methods. Laboratory, vegetation and field experiments were conducted according to the All-Russian Research Institute of Flax methods. Results and practical significance. Among the studied 66 varieties, 56.1 % were highly resistant and resistant genotypes to fusarium wilt and 58.3 % – to rust. The specific weight of the Flax Institute varieties for this period was 34.8 %. High resistance to rust and fusarium wilt was characterized by the VNIIL selection varieties: Universal, Diplomat, Alexim, Dewdrop, Zaryanka, Aleksandrit. For the first time, scientists of the Flax Institute have created varieties of flax-long – legged (Diplomat and Tonus) resistant to three diseases: rust, fusarium wilt and anthracnose, and the Caesar variety-to four diseases. All varieties, with the exception of Diplomat and Tonus, a selection of the Flax Institute, were susceptible to anthracnose. The Grant variety of the selection of the Republic of Belarus and the Caesar variety were resistant to pasmo by 59.7 %, the rest were characterized by resistance to damage by 27.8–42.0 %. Scientific novelty. The characteristics of the resistance of the varieties included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation are comprehensively described on infectious and provocative backgrounds using natural and synthetic populations of pathogens diseases of flax. Varieties with group resistance to 2, 3, and 4 diseases are identified. The use of flax varieties resistant to the most economically dangerous diseases in flax crops will reduce the infectious potential and its accumulation in nature.

scholarly journals The new spring rapeseed variety Sibiryak 60

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
G.N. Kuznetsova ◽  
◽  
R.S. Polyakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Rapeseed Variety ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

In 2020, we submitted the spring rapeseed variety Sibiryak 60 bred at the Siberian Experimental Station (branch of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops) to the State Commission of the Russian Federation on testing and protection of the selection achievements. We developed the variety by the method of multiple individual-family selection from the variety Avangard (All-Russian Research Institute of Rapeseed, Lipetsk). In 2012, there was identified an elite plant and further breeding work was carried out to improve the main economic traits: early maturity, productivity, oil content, resistance to lodging, seed falling and to the main pathogens. The general characteristics of the variety are high seed productivity and low content of glucosinolates in seeds. According to the results of the competitive variety trial (2018–2020), the spring rapeseed variety Sibiryak 60 exceeded the standard variety Granit in seed yield by 0.29 t/ha and in oil yield by 0.12 t/ha. In the conditions of the Krasnodar region, the variety Sibiryak 60 exceeded the standard variety Granit in seed yield by 0.31 t/ha, in the conditions of the Lipetsk region – by 0.30 t/ha. The new variety is meant to for cultivation for seeds in the Volgo-Vyatka (4), Middle Volga (7), Ural (9), West Siberian (10), and East Siberian (11) regions. The originator of the variety Sibiryak 60 is V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops.

scholarly journals THE CERTIFICATION OF SUNFLOWER LINES FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE DON EXPERIMENTAL STATION OF V.S. PUSTOVOIT ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF OIL CROPS BY USING DNA MARKERS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Golovatskaya ◽  
◽  
S.Z. Guchetl ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The aim of this research was to develop molecular genetic passports of sunflower lines from the collection of the Don experimental station of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops based on polymorphic fractions of microsatellite DNA. We used 17 lines as a research material. We used 12 pairs of primers for genotyping. We found that the ORS 559 locus was monomorphic for these samples. The rest of the loci had from 2 to 4 alleles. The average number of alleles per locus was 2.75, PIC – 0.49, the effective number of alleles – 2.16. The analysis of the DNA profiles of the lines showed the individuality of the allelic composition of each of them. The analysis of the genetic relations between the lines showed that the studied lines were divided into two groups, with a genetic distance between them of 5.9.

scholarly journals Selection for resistance to broomrape race G in confectionary sunflower OP-population

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
V.I. Khatnyansky ◽  
◽  
T.S. Antonova ◽  
A.A. Detsyna ◽  
I.V. Illarionova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Infection ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The purpose of the work was to develop forms of confectionary sunflower resistant to broomrape race G on artificial infection background both in fields and greenhouses and artificial climate chambers. The researches were conducted in V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar, Russia, in 2019–2021. A line RG (Or7) was used as a donor of gen of resistance to broomrape race G. The confectionary sunflower variety SPK plus was a recipient. Using methods of hybridization, back-crosses and group interpollination, on severe infection background, a sunflower population resistant to the aggressive broomrape race was develop for the further breeding of confectionary sunflower varieties. These methods allowed increasing resistance step-by-step while maintaining high polymorphism that makes it possible to continue breeding of confectionary sunflower varieties for the further rise of productivity.

scholarly journals The evaluation of collection variety samples of menthol mint (Mentha L.) for disease resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (184) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
G.M. Saenko ◽  
◽  
T.P. Shuvaeva ◽  
I.V. Gaygotina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Parental Material ◽  
Western Ciscaucasia ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

It is necessary to evaluate the variety samples of the crop to obtain the parental material of menthol mints, which will have a high content of essential oil, and be less affected by various diseases. We evaluated the variety samples of mint for disease resistance at the Voznesenskaya branch of V.S. Pustovoit of All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. In the conditions of the branch in the piedmont area of the Western Ciscaucasia, there were identified diseases such as powdery mildew, rust, anthracnose and Fusarium blight. The studied variety samples were characterized by varying degrees of resistance to these diseases. The most harmful disease for mint is rust, the pathogens of which are the Puccinia menthae Pers. and P. angustata Peck. We identified the parental material for development a variety of peppermint Rozovskaya Aroma by analyzing the variety samples of menthol mint for three years of vegetation. Also, we developed and applied the modified scale for evaluation of resistance to the main diseases for the menthol forms of mint.

scholarly journals Highly oleic collection of flax in VNIIMK

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
S.V. Sklyarov ◽  
◽  
L.G. Ryabenko ◽  
V.S. Zelentsov ◽  
L.R. Ovcharova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Good Combination ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The researches were conducted in the laboratory of oil flax breeding of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar 2019– 2020. We studied the samples from the highly oleic collection of flax of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in order to select the best ones for introduction into a breeding process to improve the existing varieties and develop new ones with a good combination of biological and economically valuable traits. The samples from our collection demonstrated variability by the general economically valuable and biological traits. Thus, difference in duration of a period emergence–maturing was from 10 to 12 days depending on year and weather conditions. Maximal plant height (63.3 сm) was noted in 2020, and minimal (38.0 cm) was similar in all years of the research. Seed yield per a plot varied from 32.5 to 112.5 g/m 2 in 2019 and from 30.0 to 175.0 g/m 2 in 2020. The highest yield (175.0 g/m2) was fixed in 2020, and minimal one (30.0 g/m2) was at the same level in all years of the research. The samples from the collection were differed by their oil content in seeds: from 44.6 to 48.7% in 2019 and from 44.8 to 49.3% in 2020. Variation of this trait by years was 4.1–4.5%, difference between years of the research was equal to 0.4%. The presence of variability in oil contents in seeds among samples from flax collection proves a possibility to conduct selections by this trait in all breeding nurseries of the laboratory. Thus, in 2020 we selected two samples with oil content in seeds more than 49.0%.

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