scholarly journals The effect of herbicides on winter false flax (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Oksana Serdyuk ◽  
Victoria Trubina ◽  
Lyudmila Gorlova
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
False Flax ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Flax Seeds ◽  
Russian Research

The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of herbicides on winter false flax and to identify the preparation that does not effect negatively on crop plants. The research was carried out in 20182020 at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. The experiment scheme included herbicides with active ingredients (a.i.), which effectively decreased the number of weeds on the plots. The effectiveness of the preparations was more than 70% for different types of weeds. However, the variants with the application of preparations with a.i. clopyralid 300 g/l, S-Metolachlor 960 g/l, ethametsulfuronmethyl 750 g/kg significantly decreased the plant density (by 18-32 pcs/m2) and seed yield (by 0.33-0.52 t/ha) of false flax in comparison with the control. The oil content of seeds was significantly decreased in the variants with the herbicides with a.i. S-Metolachlor 960 g/l with the application rate of 1.6 l/ha and ethametsulfuron-methyl 750 g/kg (by 1.2-1.5 %). In other variants, the oil content of false flax seeds differed from the control insignificantly (by 0.3-0.4 %). It has been established that the preparation with a.i. quinmerac 83 g/l + metazachlor 333 g/l with the application rate of 2.0 or 2.5 l/ha should be applied to decrease the number of weeds in the sowings of winter false flax in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. This preparation, without having a toxic effect, increases the yield by 0.15-0.17 t/ha and does not decrease the plant density and oil content of false flax seeds.

scholarly journals The number of glandular trichomes on the peduncles of true lavender inflorescences as an additional breeding trait for essential oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
S.V. Zelentsov ◽  
◽  
E.V. Moshnenko ◽  
T.P. Shuvaeva ◽  
I.V. Gaytotina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Distribution Density ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research

The main receptacle of essential oil in true lavender is the peltate glandular trichomes of the calyxes in the whorls of the inflorescences. Their average size is 175 ± 25 µm, in some cases – up to 250 µm. For the extraction of lavender oil, not only the calyxes are used, but the whole inflorescences including the flowering shoots. The surface of the peduncles of lavender inflorescences is also covered with peltate glandular trichomes. However, their contribution to the total volume of essential oil in the inflorescence has almost never been determined. The aim of this research was to study the distribution density of glandular trichomes within the inflorescence and to determine the proportion of the contribution of flowering trichomes to the formation of essential oil in the inflorescence. The research was carried out in 2021 on the basis of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in two ecological and geographical points of the Krasnodar region. The object of the study was the true lavender varieties Voznesenskaya 34, Rannyaya, Yuzhanka and Voznesenskaya Aroma. It was found that the size of glandular trichomes on peduncles of true lavender is 90 ± 15 µm. Their number on peduncles, depending on the variety, varies from 2141 to 3003 pcs. The density of distribution of glandular trichomes on the surface of peduncles is equal to 8.60–14.93 pcs/mm3 . The total volume of essential oil in all glandular trichomes of peduncles is 0.41–0.57 cmm . The total volume of essential oil in the inflorescences varied from 2.28 to 5.15 cmm . The share of essential oil in the glandular trichomes of the peduncles in relation to the entire inflorescence ranged from 9.33 to 19.56%. It is concluded that peltate glandular trichomes on flower-bearing axes make a significant contribution to the essential oil content of lavender inflorescences. For the selection of true lavender to increase the essential oil content and the yield of essential oil, an additional selection trait is proposed – the amount of glandular trichomes on the surface of peduncles, which can be regulated by changing their distribution density on the surface of peduncles, or increasing the length of inflorescences.

scholarly journals Highly oleic collection of flax in VNIIMK

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
S.V. Sklyarov ◽  
◽  
L.G. Ryabenko ◽  
V.S. Zelentsov ◽  
L.R. Ovcharova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Good Combination ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The researches were conducted in the laboratory of oil flax breeding of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar 2019– 2020. We studied the samples from the highly oleic collection of flax of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in order to select the best ones for introduction into a breeding process to improve the existing varieties and develop new ones with a good combination of biological and economically valuable traits. The samples from our collection demonstrated variability by the general economically valuable and biological traits. Thus, difference in duration of a period emergence–maturing was from 10 to 12 days depending on year and weather conditions. Maximal plant height (63.3 сm) was noted in 2020, and minimal (38.0 cm) was similar in all years of the research. Seed yield per a plot varied from 32.5 to 112.5 g/m 2 in 2019 and from 30.0 to 175.0 g/m 2 in 2020. The highest yield (175.0 g/m2) was fixed in 2020, and minimal one (30.0 g/m2) was at the same level in all years of the research. The samples from the collection were differed by their oil content in seeds: from 44.6 to 48.7% in 2019 and from 44.8 to 49.3% in 2020. Variation of this trait by years was 4.1–4.5%, difference between years of the research was equal to 0.4%. The presence of variability in oil contents in seeds among samples from flax collection proves a possibility to conduct selections by this trait in all breeding nurseries of the laboratory. Thus, in 2020 we selected two samples with oil content in seeds more than 49.0%.

scholarly journals Dependence of the amount of certifiedd seeds of maternal lines of sunflower hybrids on the plant density

2021 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
V.M. Lukomets ◽  
◽  
N.M. Tishkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Negative Dependence ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Russian Research

In 2017–2020, on leached black soils in the central climatic zone of the Krasnodar region we studied the patterns of amount of a fraction of certified seeds (amount of physically clean seeds from a sieve with holes of size 2.5 x 20 mm) of the early maturing inbreds – the maternal forms of sunflower hybrids VK 101, VK 678, VK 905, VA 760 and ED 765 bred at the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops depending on the plant density of 40, 50, 60 and 70 thousand plants/ha. We established the negative dependence of the amount of a fraction of certified seeds on the plant density. On average for 2017–2020, the maximum yield of such seeds was obtained when growing the studied maternal lines with plant density of 40 thousand plants/ha: 95 % in VK 905, 88 % in VK 678, and 76–79 % in VA 760, VK 101, and ED 765. With the increasing plat population from 40 to 70 thousand plants/ha, after each 10 thousand plants/ha on average, the amount of a fraction of certified seeds decreased by 1.9 % in VK 905, by 4.9–5.9 in VK 101, VK 678, VA 760, and by 5.9 % in ED 765; the number of a fraction of certified seeds per head decreased by 37 in VK 95 to 125 pieces in VK 101. The highest weight yield and number of a fraction of certified seeds per 1.0 m2 of sowing area of the maternal lines was obtained when growing VK 101 with a plant density of 50 thousand plants/ha, VK 678, VA 760, and ED 765 – 60 thousand plants/ha, VK 905 – 70 thousand plants/ha. We established the negative dependence of thousand-seed weight on the plant density; as the density increased by 10 thousand plants/ha, 1000-seed weight decreased by 1.4 g in VK 760, by 2.2 g in VK 101, by 3.1–3.2 in ED 765 and VK 678, and by 3.5 g in VK 905.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF BREEDING CHARACTERISTICS OF SULFONYLUREA-RESISTANT POPULATION FAMILIES OF DZHINN-SUR IN SUNFLOWER

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Ryabovol ◽  
◽  
A.A. Pikhtyaryova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Resistant Population ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight ◽  
Russian Research

The article is dedicated to the study of sulfonylurea-resistant population families of Dzhinnsur for their further use as a new breeding material. We carried out the experiments in field and laboratory conditions at V.S. Pustotovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (Krasnodar) in 2020. In the field experiment we treated the plants with the herbicide Express and we evaluated the plants by a scale of phytotoxicity in all population families of Dzhinn-sur. We the studied population families by the following characteristics: thousand-seed weight, huskness, oil content and linear size. As a result of this work, we selected four population families of Dzhinn-sur, which are constant in their herbicide resistance; they will be used in further breeding work.

scholarly journals Breeding of sunflower lines resistant to race G of Broomrape

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Elena N. Ryzhenko ◽  
Nina M. Araslanova ◽  
Sergei V. Goncharov
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Sand Mixture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
New Races ◽  
Russian Research

Relevance. Over the past decades, new and extremely virulent races have appeared in the southern regions of the Russian Federation, which overcame the resistance of domestic and foreign sunflower range of varieties. The most effective, long-term, and biologically safe way to protect sunflower from broomrape is to develop varieties and hybrids resistant to new races.Methods. We identified broomrape seeds of race G using internationally accepted differentiator lines: Record 1-3 (C), S-1358 (D), P-1380 (E), LC1093 and P96 (F). We used sunflower lines and hybrids of the breeding of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops as a parent material. We carried out the evaluation of broomrape resistance by the method of A.Ya. Panchenko. To develop an infectious background, we introduced seeds of broomrape race G into boxes with a soil and sand mixture at the rate of 200 mg per 1 kg of the mixture, distributing them evenly. We grew sunflower plants at a temperature of 25-27 °С and a 16-hour photoperiod. In 25-30 days after the emergence if seedlings, we dug up plants and counted the broomrape specimens on their roots by a scale.Results. We developed sunflower lines resistant to races of broomrape from A to G. All of them are of branched form, with different lengths of the period from germination to flowering, they differ in height and oil content. The line L 82 is distinguished by a high content of oleic acid in oil — 91%. The lines have a high combinability. We obtained experimental hybrid combinations using these lines.

scholarly journals CHANGING OF THE MAIN SELECTED TRAITS OF RAPESEED DURING INBREEDING (review)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Starikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Selected Traits ◽  
Russian Research

One of the methods to improve initial germplasm by genetic way for development of lines which are stable by their economically valuable traits us inbreeding. Inbreeding allows disclosing a huge potential of inheritance of traits in variety. Impact of inbreeding on formation of yield, structural elements, oil quality and content has been noted by a range of scientists for many years. Using the inbreeding, researchers of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops developed rapeseed cultivars characterized with high yield, oil content and other valuable biochemical traits, requiring to the demands of agrarian and possessing industries.

scholarly journals The results of preliminary trial experimental hybrids of winter rapeseed bred at VNIIMK by economically valuable traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
E.A. Strelnikov ◽  
◽  
E.B. Bochkaryova ◽  
L.A. Gorlova ◽  
V.V. Serdyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Zone ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Winter Rapeseed ◽  
Standard Cultivar ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the research was a preliminary estimation of ten experimental hybrids of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) bred in the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops by the primary economically valuable traits. The research was conducted in the central zone of the Krasnodar region in 2019–2020. The results of the research are presented for the first time. On average for two years, nine of ten the best experimental hybrids increased by seeds yield by 0.32–0.76 t per ha both the standard cultivar Loris and the foreign hybrid Mercure. Middle seed yield of the studied hybrids varied significantly, variance range was from 4.99 t per ha (VN-3 × ОРK-10) to 5.62 t per ha (VN-4 × ОРK-20). Maximal values of seed and oil yields per a unit area were fixed for a hybrid combination VN-4 × ОРK-20. Except that, the hybrid is characterized with high weight of 1000 seeds (4.5 g). A hybrid combination VN-13 × ОРK-10 demonstrated high average by years seeds yield (5.33 t per ha) and oil yield (2.25 t per ha).Oil content in seeds and weight of 1000 seeds of this combination were at the level of the standard cultivar and the foreign hybrid. This hybrid shows the lowest glucosinolate content in seeds – 16.7 µmol/g, that is less that the foreign hybrid Mercure has by 2.3 µmol/g. The preliminary conclusion based on our researches is: the selected hybrids after confirmation of the competitive trial results can be of a great interest for production.

Photovoltaic Solar Modules of Different Types and Designs for Energy Supply

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Panchenko ◽  
Andrey Izmailov ◽  
Valeriy Kharchenko ◽  
Yakov Lobachevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

The article presents photovoltaic solar modules that have a different design and purpose. The principles of photoconversion in solar cells, materials used in their manufacture and basic characteristics of solar cells are described. Solar cells of amorphous silicon and two-sided solar cells are considered. Photovoltaic planar and matrix solar modules with extended lifetime are presented. Solar tiles and compact folding photovoltaic solar modules, as well as paraboloid concentrator of solar radiation for solar cogeneration plants are presented. Also considered cascade solar cells and solar modules with the decomposition of the light. The considered photovoltaic solar modules are investigated and manufactured in the All-Russian Research Institute of Electrification of Agriculture and Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russia.

scholarly journals Efficiency of selection of self-fertile sunflower biotypes in production of foundation and breeder seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
A.D. Bochkovoy ◽  
◽  
V.I. Khatnyansky ◽  
V.A. Kamardin ◽  
D.A. Nazarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Crops ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Breeder Seed ◽  
High Level ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
Seed Growing ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Russian Research

The researches were conducted on fields of OOO NPO “Triumph”, the Matveevo-Kurgansky district of Rostov region and V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar in 2017–2020. The purpose of the research was to develop methodology of selection of self-fertile sunflower genotypes in foundation and breeder seed production. Our work resulted in development of improved population Dobrynya plus. Middle self-fertility of this population at self-pollination was 13.7% vs. 5.2% of the initial variety (increased by 2.6 times), a ratio of the most valuable genotypes with amount of fully formed seeds more than 150 seeds per a plant increased from 13.5 to 26.4% (by 1.9 times). At the open flowering and free insect pollination, population Dobrynya plus does not differ by its economically valuable traits from the initial variety. But at the close flowering, without insects pollination, yield of the population Dobrynya plus was 0.93 t per ha vs. 0.52 t per ha of the initial variety (increase by 1.8 times). At selection of elite seeds from sunflower varietal populations for seed growing, the most perspective are the biotypes with high level of self-fertility which traits are held stable in the different environments. Improvement of sunflower variety by 11 self-fertility does not lead to decreasing of its yield qualities by the main economically valuable traits. The obtained experimental data prove a prospectivity of researches directed on improvement of sunflower variety populations by self-fertility at production of foundation and breeder seeds and possibility to reach successful results.

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