scholarly journals Sexual and reproductive health in HIV-positive adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Esther Simon Yiltok ◽  
Augustine Odo Ebonyi ◽  
Emeka Uba Ejeliogu
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sexual Activities

Objectives: Adolescents grow to experience both emotional and sexual changes that occur at this stage in life. During this stage, these adolescents have increased experimentation, including sexuality, this also affects HIV-positive adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sexual and reproductive health of HIV-positive adolescents. Material and Methods: A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain relevant information from adolescents who were enrolled into the study over a 6 months period. Information obtained included the bio-data, menstruation, sexual activity, HIV status of partner, use of contraceptives, abortion, and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: One hundred and forty-seven HIV-positive adolescents were recruited into the study, males were 56 (38.1%), while females were 91 (61.9%). Fifty-nine (64.8%) of the females have started menstruating, out of which nine (6.1%) of them were sexually active. All those that were sexually active did not know the HIV status of their partners. Four (44.4%) of those who were sexually active use contraceptives, while three became pregnant out of wedlock and one had an abortion. Three (33.3%) of the sexually active adolescents had sexually transmitted infection. None of the 46 early adolescents was sexually active, but three out of the 71 middle adolescents and 6 out of the 30 late adolescents were sexually active. Conclusion: HIV-positive adolescents engage in sexual activities which are sometimes risky, just like other adolescents. The consequences of such acts include unplanned pregnancies and abortions in addition to sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, additional programs/interventions should be put in place to address these observations as well as prepare them as they transit to adulthood.

scholarly journals 423. Self-Reported Screening for Rectal Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Men Who Have Sex with Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S212-S213
Author(s):  
Timothy William. Menza ◽  
Lauren Lipira ◽  
Amisha Bhattarai ◽  
Joseph Ramirez ◽  
Roberto Orellana
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Negative ◽  
Hiv Positive Men

Abstract Background Rectal gonorrhea and Chlamydia are common and predict HIV acquisition among men who have sex with men (MSM); however, screening for rectal sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is not routine. Methods In 2017, we recruited sexually-active MSM in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area through venue-based sampling. Our outcome of interest was self-reported rectal STI screening in the prior 12 months. Stratified by HIV status, we assessed the prevalence and demographic, healthcare, clinical, and behavioral predictors of screening. Results Of 448 participants, 168 (37.5%) reported rectal STI screening. One hundred twenty-seven (35.8%) of 355 HIV-negative men, 41 (58.6%) of 70 HIV-positive men, and none of 23 men who did not know their HIV status reported screening. Among HIV-negative men, having a healthcare provider who offered HIV testing (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]=2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.43, 3.04), a syphilis diagnosis (aPR=1.32; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.69), use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (aPR=1.57; 95% CI 1.21, 2.04), and condomless anal sex with casual partners in the prior 12 months (aPR=1.74; 95% CI: 1.36, 2.22) independently predicted screening for rectal STI in multivariable analysis. HIV-positive men who reported having a provider who always or often initiates conversations about sex were significantly more likely to report screening compared with men who did not have such a provider (aPR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.06). Conclusion Rectal STI screening is not universal in a venue-based sample of sexually-active MSM. Implementing innovative, acceptable, and accessible screening practices and improving provider comfort with talking about sex are paramount to increasing rectal STI screening. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Sexually transmitted infections and women's sexual and reproductive health

2013 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami L. Gottlieb ◽  
Lori M. Newman ◽  
Avni Amin ◽  
Marleen Temmerman ◽  
Nathalie Broutet
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

scholarly journals Trends and correlates of sexually transmitted infections among sexually active Ugandan female youths: evidence from three demographic and health surveys, 2006-2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronicah Masanja ◽  
Solomon Tsebeni Wafula ◽  
Tonny Ssekamatte ◽  
John Bosco Isunju ◽  
Richard K Mugambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Kampala City ◽  
Changes Over Time

Abstract Background: Female adolescents and young women have the highest risk of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) globally. Data on the prevalence of STIs among young women in Uganda are limited. In this study, we investigated the time trends and correlates of STIs among adolescent girls and young women (15-24 years) in Uganda.Methods: We estimated the percentage of women 15-24 years from three recent consecutive Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys (2006, 2011, and 2016), who reported suffering from genital sores, and or genital discharge or any other varginal complaints acquired after sexual intercourse within 12 months of the studies and examined the changes over time. A pooled multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the correlates of reporting an STI in the last 12 months preceding the study. Svyset command in Stata was used to cater for the survey sample design.Results: The pooled self-reported STI prevalence was 26.0%. Among these young women, 22.0%, 36.3%, and 23.1% reported a sexually transmitted infection in 2006, 2011, and 2016 respectively. Between 2006 and 2011, there was evidence of change (+14.3%, p < 0.001) in STI prevalence before a significant reduction (-12.0%, p<0.001). Youths aged 20-24 years reported a higher STI prevalence (27.3%) compared to young participants (23.6%). Correlates of reporting an STI among rural and urban young women were: having multiple total lifetime partners (adjusted odds ratio (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-1.6), being sexually active in the last 4 weeks (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6), and being affiliated to Muslim faith (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6) or other religions (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.9) as compared to Christian were more likely to report an STI. Living in Northern Uganda compared to living in Kampala city was found protective against STIs (aOR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.7).Conclusion: The prevalence of STIs was high among female youths, 15-24 years. This highlights the need for a comprehensive STIs screening, surveillance, and treatment programme to potentially reduce the burden of STIs in the country.

scholarly journals Sexual and reproductive health problems among Ugandan youth during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: An online cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Binezero Mambo ◽  
Franck K. Sikakulya ◽  
Robinson Ssebuufu ◽  
Yusuf Mulumba ◽  
Henry Wasswa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Abstract BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic threatens access to sexual and reproductive health services. With global health emergencies, there is often a total reversal of priorities and access to sexual and reproductive health services may become challenging. The aim of this study was to establish the problems related to sexual and reproductive health among Ugandan youths during the COVID-19 lockdown. MethodsThis was an online cross-sectional study carried out from April 2020 to May 2020 in Uganda. An online questionnaire was used and participants aged 18years to 30 years recruited using the snowballing approach. The statistical analysis was done using STATA version 14.2.Results Out of 724 participants, 203 (28%) reported not having information and/or education concerning sexual and reproductive health (SRH). About a quarter of the participants (26.9%, n=195) reported not having testing and treatment services of sexually transmitted infections available during the lockdown. Lack of transport means was the commonest (68.7%) limiting factor to access to SRH services during the lockdown followed by the long distance from home to SRH facility (55.2%), high cost of services (42.2%) and curfew (39.1%). Sexually transmitted infections were the commonest (40.4%) problem related to SRH during the lockdown followed by unwanted pregnancy (32.4%) and sexual abuse (32.4%). The multivariate regression analysis shows that problems were more prevalent among the co-habiting youth [APR: 2.3 (1.6 - 3.29), p<0.001] followed by unemployed (volunteer or unpaid) [APR: 1.6 (1.03 - 2.64), p: 0.037] than in other participants. ConclusionsThe findings of this study show that Ugandan youths have accessing SRH information and services during the COVID-19 lockdown. Cohabiting and unemployed participants were the most affected. Lack of transport means and high cost of services were the major limiting factors to access SRH services among the youths. The findings call for concerted efforts from the Uganda government and international non-governmental organisations to ensure access and availability of SRH services for Ugandan youths during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndola Prata ◽  
Karen Weidert
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The World

Adolescence, spanning 10 to 19 years of age, begins with biological changes while transitioning from a social status of a child to an adult. For millions of adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), this is a period of exposure to vulnerabilities and risks related to sexual and reproductive health (SRH), compounded by challenges in having their SHR needs met. Globally, adolescent sexual and reproductive ill-health disease burden is concentrated in LMICs, with sexually transmitted infections and complications from pregnancy and childbirth accounting for the majority of the burden. Adolescents around the world are using their voices to champion access to high-quality, comprehensive SRH information and services. Thus, it is imperative that adolescents’ SRH and rights be reinforced and that investments in services be prioritized.

scholarly journals Assessment in the primary care of the State of São Paulo, Brazil: incipient actions in sexual and reproductive health

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Arantes Nasser ◽  
Maria Ines Battistella Nemes ◽  
Marta Campagnoni Andrade ◽  
Rogério Ruscitto do Prado ◽  
Elen Rose Lodeiro Castanheira
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Primary Health

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to assess performance in sexual and reproductive health of primary health care services of the Brazilian Unified Health System, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS An evaluative framework was built for sexual and reproductive health with the categorization of 99 indicators in three domains: sexual and reproductive health promotion (25), sexually transmitted infections/AIDS prevention and care (43), and reproductive health care (31). This framework was applied to assess the services responses to the questionnaire of Quality Evaluation of Primary Health Care in the Municipalities of São Paulo State (QualiAB), in 2010. Percentages were calculated for positive responses to indicators and performance in the sexual and reproductive health dimension, according to domains, and their contribution to the overall score in sexual and reproductive health (Friedman), relative participation (Dunn), and correlation (Spearman) was verified. RESULTS Overall, 2,735 services participated in the study. They were located in 586 municipalities (distributed throughout the 17 regional health departments of São Paulo), of which 70.6% had fewer than 100,000 inhabitants. The overall average performance of these services for sexual and reproductive health is 56.8%. The actions are characterized by: prenatal with adequate beginning and exams, better organization for immediate rather than for late postnatal care, and selective reproductive planning for some contraceptives; prevention based on specific protection, limitations in the prevention of congenital syphilis, in the treatment of sexually transmitted infections, and in the screening of cervical and breast cancer; specific educational activities, with a restricted vulnerability approach, focus on sexuality over reproduction. The domain of reproductive health has greater participation in the overall score, followed by prevention/care and promotion. The three domains are correlated; the domain of prevention/care has the highest correlation with the other ones. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of sexual and reproductive health in primary health care in the services studied is incipient. The revision of the purpose of the work, the dissemination of technologies, and the investing in permanent education are needed. The evaluative framework built can be used by the sexual and reproductive health program services and management in primary health care, thereby contributing to their actions.

scholarly journals Sexually Transmitted Infections and Behavioral Determinants of Sexual and Reproductive Health in the Allahabad District (India) Based on Data from the ChlamIndia Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre P. M. Thomas ◽  
Jay Yadav ◽  
Rajiv Kant ◽  
Elena Ambrosino ◽  
Smita Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
P Value ◽  
Behavioral Determinants ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), like Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (CT and NG, respectively) are linked to an important sexual and reproductive health (SRH) burden worldwide. Behavior is an important predictor for SRH, as it dictates the risk for STIs. Assessing the behavior of a population helps to assess its risk profile. Methods: Study participants were recruited at a gynecology outpatient department (OPD) in the Allahabad district in Uttar Pradesh India, and a questionnaire was used to assess demographics, SRH, and obstetric history. Patients provided three samples (urine, vaginal swab, and whole blood). These samples were used to identify CT and NG using PCR/NAAT and CT IgG ELISA. Results: A total of 296 women were included for testing; mean age was 29 years. No positive cases of CT and NG were observed using PCR/NAAT. A 7% (22/296) positivity rate for CT was observed using IgG ELISA. No positive association was found between serology and symptoms (vaginal discharge, abdominal pain, dysuria, and dyspareunia) or adverse pregnancy outcomes (miscarriage and stillbirth). Positive relations with CT could be observed with consumption of alcohol, illiteracy, and tenesmus (p-value 0.02–0.03). Discussion: STI prevalence in this study was low, but a high burden of SRH morbidity was observed, with a high symptomatic load. High rates of miscarriage (31%) and stillbirth (8%) were also observed among study subjects. No associations could be found between these ailments and CT infection. These rates are high even for low- and middle-income country standards. Conclusion: This study puts forward high rates of SRH morbidity, and instances of adverse reproductive health outcomes are highlighted in this study, although no associations with CT infection could be found. This warrants more investigation into the causes leading to these complaints in the Indian scenario and potential biases to NAAT testing, such as consumption of over-the-counter antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and practices among the youth in Bosnia and Herzegovina relevant for reproductive health

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azra Hadzimehmedovic ◽  
Mahira Jahic ◽  
Selma Muratovic
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
A Prospective Study

Introduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the sexual behavior, attitudes and knowledge on contraception, sexually transmitted infections and reproductive health among the youth in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Material and Methods. A prospective study included a sample of 6.000 subjects, aged 19-24, of both sexes, investigating the sexual behavior of the youth in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period 2007 - 2009. Results. Of the interviewed examinees, 61% were sexually active, of which 56.4% had sexual intercourse with one partner (z = 28.51; p < 0.001). The average age of sexarche was significantly lower in males 17.34 ? 1.77 years, than in females 18.20 ? 1.84 years (z = -14.44; p < 0.001). Contraception was used by 67.6% at first intercourse, and by 70.4% at the last intercourse. The most common method of contraception was male condom (74%), coitus interruptus (11.1%), and oral hormonal contraceptives (14.9%). The examined subjects had inadequate knowledge (51.6%) about contraceptive methods, and it was significantly higher in males (64.6%) than in females (42.2%) (z = 10.17; p < 0.001). Some 4.9% of the sexually active females had intentional abortions. Up to 51.7% of females had never had a pelvic examination, and Pap test was done by 37.2%. The examinees obtained information about contraception and sexually transmitted infections from peers 50.7% and parents 9.7%. Only 28% of females had a positive attitude towards oral hormonal contraceptives. Conclusion. The interviewed young people in Bosnia and Herzegovina keep traditional sexual behavior patterns, attitudes and practices. However, more effort should be put into the improvement of knowledge on contraception, sexually transmitted infections, and healthcare protection.

scholarly journals Trichomonas vaginalis AND HIV INFECTION: RELATION AND PREVALENCE AMONG WOMEN IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Mirian Pinheiro Bruni ◽  
Carolina Caetano dos Santos ◽  
Dulce Stauffert ◽  
Nilton Da Cunha Filho ◽  
Guilherme De Oliveira Bicca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv Negative

Trichomoniasis is a curable sexually transmitted infection (STI) that has been reported to be linked to exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), although few studies have described this association. The purpose of this study was to focus on the incidence of trichomoniasis in low-income women, its relation to HIV status, viral load levels and TCD4+ cell counts, among other risk factors, using an in vitro culture as a diagnostic test. A crosssectional study among 267 women (103 HIV-positive and 164 HIV-negative) was conducted in 2015. The overall prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection was 6.4%. Among HIVpositive and HIV-negative women, the prevalence was 3.9% and 7.9%, respectively, yet these results were not statistically different (p=0.1878). The factors associated with TV infection were cigarette smoking (OR= 3.52), vaginal itching (OR=4.43) and bacterial vaginosis (BV) (OR= 5.29). HIV status, TCD4+ cell count and viral load were not associated with TV infection in this group. The prevalence rates found, lower than those observed in other studies, may be due to the fact that the women evaluated in the present study are part of a low-risk populationas well as the limited sample size of HIV positive women.

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