scholarly journals Effects of Hawley, Essix, and Vivera® retainers on salivary properties, oral hygiene, and Streptococcus mutans levels: A prospective clinical pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 198-208
Author(s):  
Chua Sheng Da Jason ◽  
Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne ◽  
Hung Chew Wong ◽  
Mimi Yow
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Microbiological Parameters

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of various removable orthodontic retainer materials on clinical and microbiological parameters, specifically on saliva characteristics, oral hygiene, and salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Materials and Methods: This study consists of two parts: An in vitro study and in vivo prospective clinical pilot study. The in vitro study measures surface roughness and S. mutans adhesion of three orthodontic retainer materials: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) used in traditional Hawley removable retainers, polypropylene (PP), and polyurethane (PU) used in vacuum-formed retainers. In the clinical pilot study, 20 subjects, on completion of orthodontic treatment were randomized into three groups to receive PMMA, PP, or PU removable orthodontic retainers. They were compared with control subjects with no orthodontic treatment and retainers. Quantitative analysis of salivary S. mutans using real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to screen for differences during retainer issue (T0) and 8–15 weeks later (T1). Salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, and plaque scores were also recorded at these two periods for comparison. Results: PMMA had significantly greater surface roughness and S. mutans adhesion than PP and PU (P = 0.027). The PMMA group displayed significantly greater amounts of salivary S. mutans count when compared to the PP (0.001) and PU (P = 0.011) groups. Conclusion: PMMA retainers showed increased S. mutans adhesion and intra-oral colonization of S. mutans compared to PP and PU retainers. The results validate further clinical testing for a relationship between caries risk and type of retainer prescribed.

scholarly journals A clinical pilot study on the effect of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus TOM 22.8 strain in women with vaginal dysbiosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Pino ◽  
Agnese Maria Chiara Rapisarda ◽  
Salvatore Giovanni Vitale ◽  
Stefano Cianci ◽  
Cinzia Caggia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Healthy Woman ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Probiotic Potential ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Microbiological Parameters

AbstractLactobacilli with probiotic features play an essential role in maintaining a balanced vaginal microbiota and their administration has been suggested for the treatment and prevention of vaginal dysbiosis. The present study was aimed to in vitro and in vivo investigate the probiotic potential of the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus TOM 22.8 strain, isolated from the vaginal ecosystem of a healthy woman. For this purpose, safety and functional properties were in depth evaluated. The strain exhibited a broad spectrum of antagonistic activity against vaginal pathogens; adhesion capacity to both the vaginal VK2/E6E7 and the intestinal Caco-2 cells; anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, suggesting its promising probiotic features. In addition, an in vivo pilot-study was planned. Based on both clinical and microbiological parameters, the oral or vaginal strain administration, determined a significant pathogens reduction after 10 days of administration and a maintenance of eubiosis up to 30 days after the end of the treatment. Therefore, the L. rhamnosus TOM 22.8 strain can be proposed as valuable oral and/or vaginal treatment for vaginal dysbiosis.

scholarly journals Creatine Supplementation for Patients with Inflammatory Bowl Diseases: A Scientific Rationale for a Clinical Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1429
Author(s):  
Theo Wallimann ◽  
Caroline H. T. Hall ◽  
Sean P. Colgan ◽  
Louise E. Glover
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Creatine Supplementation

Based on theoretical considerations, experimental data with cells in vitro, animal studies in vivo, as well as a single case pilot study with one colitis patient, a consolidated hypothesis can be put forward, stating that “oral supplementation with creatine monohydrate (Cr), a pleiotropic cellular energy precursor, is likely to be effective in inducing a favorable response and/or remission in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), like ulcerative colitis and/or Crohn’s disease”. A current pilot clinical trial that incorporates the use of oral Cr at a dose of 2 × 7 g per day, over an initial period of 2 months in conjunction with ongoing therapies (NCT02463305) will be informative for the proposed larger, more long-term Cr supplementation study of 2 × 3–5 g of Cr per day for a time of 3–6 months. This strategy should be insightful to the potential for Cr in reducing or alleviating the symptoms of IBD. Supplementation with chemically pure Cr, a natural nutritional supplement, is well tolerated not only by healthy subjects, but also by patients with diverse neuromuscular diseases. If the outcome of such a clinical pilot study with Cr as monotherapy or in conjunction with metformin were positive, oral Cr supplementation could then be used in the future as potentially useful adjuvant therapeutic intervention for patients with IBD, preferably together with standard medication used for treating patients with chronic ulcerative colitis and/or Crohn’s disease.

Resizable Ventricular Patch Plasty in the Porcine Left Ventricle a Pilot Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willemijn H. F. Huijgen ◽  
Paul F. Gründeman ◽  
Tycho van der Spoel ◽  
Maarten-Jan Cramer ◽  
Paul Steendijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Aneurysm ◽  
Patch Shape ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Patch Plasty

Objective Endoventricular circular patch plasty is a method used to reconstruct the ventricular cavity in patients with (post) ischemic left ventricular aneurysm or global dilatation. However, late redilatation with mitral regurgitation has been reported, in which postoperative apex shape seems to play an important role. We studied the feasibility of ventricular volume downsizing with a variably shaped patch in porcine hearts. Methods In five in vitro and two acute animal experiments, a dyskinetic aneurysm was simulated with a pericardial insert. Reducing patch surface by changing patch shape diminished end-diastolic volume. In vitro, static end-diastolic volume was determined for each patch shape using volumetry and echocardiography. In the acute animal experiments, preliminary observations of patch behavior in live material were made, and pressure/time relationship, dPdTmax, was registered. Results In vitro, bringing the convex patch into a flat plane reduced LV volume from 66 ± 7 mL (aneurysm) to 49 ± 5 mL. Four of 5 patch shapes further reduced volume to a mean of 38 ± 7 mL (P = 0.03). The in vitro echocardiographic measurements correlated with volumetry findings (r = 0.81). In the acute animal experiments, dPdTmax varied with patch shape, independent of volume changes. Conclusions In this pilot study, in vitro shape configuration of the resizable ventricular patch resulted in a calibrated end-diastolic volume reduction. The data of the two in vivo pilot experiments clearly indicate that change in patch configuration in the situation of more or less unchanged end-diastolic volume had impact on cardiac performance. Future studies must substantiate the results of this observation.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of IGF-I on Adiposity in HIV-associated Metabolic Disease: A Pilot Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy J. Kim ◽  
Sumit Vaghani ◽  
Larisa M. Zifchak ◽  
Joseph H. Quinn ◽  
Weimian He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Igf I ◽  
In Vivo Effects

scholarly journals Function-adaptive clustered nanoparticles reverse Streptococcus mutans dental biofilm and maintain microbiota balance

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ostadhossein ◽  
Parikshit Moitra ◽  
Esra Altun ◽  
Debapriya Dutta ◽  
Dinabandhu Sar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Dental Plaques

AbstractDental plaques are biofilms that cause dental caries by demineralization with acidogenic bacteria. These bacteria reside inside a protective sheath which makes any curative treatment challenging. We propose an antibiotic-free strategy to disrupt the biofilm by engineered clustered carbon dot nanoparticles that function in the acidic environment of the biofilms. In vitro and ex vivo studies on the mature biofilms of Streptococcus mutans revealed >90% biofilm inhibition associated with the contact-mediated interaction of nanoparticles with the bacterial membrane, excessive reactive oxygen species generation, and DNA fragmentation. An in vivo examination showed that these nanoparticles could effectively suppress the growth of S. mutans. Importantly, 16S rRNA analysis of the dental microbiota showed that the diversity and richness of bacterial species did not substantially change with nanoparticle treatment. Overall, this study presents a safe and effective approach to decrease the dental biofilm formation without disrupting the ecological balance of the oral cavity.

Calcium fluoride nanoparticles induced suppression of Streptococcus mutans biofilm: an in vitro and in vivo approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1901-1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shatavari Kulshrestha ◽  
Shakir Khan ◽  
Sadaf Hasan ◽  
M. Ehtisham Khan ◽  
Lama Misba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Calcium Fluoride ◽  
Fluoride Nanoparticles

Antibacterial Activity and Anti-Biofilm Effect of Chitosan against Strains of Streptococcus Mutans Isolated in Dental Plaque

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pasquantonio ◽  
C. Greco ◽  
M. Prenna ◽  
C. Ripa ◽  
L.A. Vitali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Adhesion Phase ◽  
Adult Volunteers

Streptococcus mutans is the major cause of dental plaque and is often associated with biofilm formation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the activity of a hydrosoluble derivative of chitosan against S. mutans biofilms in vitro and in vivo. Strains of S. mutans were isolated from the dental plaque of 84 patients enrolled in the study. The antibacterial activity of chitosan was determined by broth microdilutions. The effect of chitosan at different concentrations and exposure times on S. mutans biofilms at different phases of development was assessed by a clinical study using the classical “4-day plaque regrowth” experiment in adult volunteers. The MIC values of chitosan were between 0.5 and 2 g/L. Compared to distilled water, the chitosan solution significantly decreased the vitality of plaque microflora (p≤0.05). Chlorhexidine, used as a positive control, reduced vitality even further. The results showed that S. mutans in the adhesion phase (4 h) was completely inhibited by chitosan at any concentration (0.1, 0.2, 0.5XMIC) or exposure time investigated (1, 15, 30, 60 min), while S. mutans at successive stages of accumulation (12–24 h) was inhibited only by higher concentrations and longer exposure times. These data confirm the effective action of chitosan against S. mutans biofilms.

Saliva-mediated binding in vitro and prevalence in vivo of streptococcus mutans

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Carle´n ◽  
J. Olsson ◽  
A.-C. Bo¨rjesson
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans
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