scholarly journals Levels of glutathione-related antioxidants in some tissues of stressed Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Bartholomew Chukwuebuka Nwogueze ◽  
Anthony Emeka Ojieh ◽  
Chukwuemeka Peter Aloamaka ◽  
John Chukwuka Igweh ◽  
Innocent Onyesom
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Oxidative stress (OS)-related pathologic conditions in the tissues of living organism have been linked to exposure to stressful events within the environment. This study examined the impact of different kinds of stress exposure on glutathione (GSH)-related antioxidants. The effect of stress was examined using comparative levels of GSH, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in female Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty-eight adult female Wistar rats with body weights ranging between 150 and 200 g, were used for the study. The animals were distributed into 28 groups of six animals each. The experimental animals were routinely exposed to three different stressors; restraint chamber test, mirror chamber test and intruder chamber test for a duration of 1, 3 or 5 h per day for 1, 2 and 3 weeks, respectively. All animals were allowed free access to food (rat chaws), with water ad libitum. Animals were euthanise through cervical dislocation after the experimental period and the different target tissues were carefully harvested and homogenised for antioxidant estimation following standard procedure. Data obtained were statistically analysed and values expressed as mean ± standard error of mean and P < 0.05 level was considered as statistically significant. Results: Findings from this study elucidated the fact that exposure to stress is capable of causing marked OS and reducing GSH-based antioxidant activities in Wistar rats. A decline in the GSH level and GPx activity as observed in the study is an indication of alterations of kidney and brain tissue cellular integrity by free radicals generated during exposure to the stressors, while the observed significant increase in GST activity level in the affected tissues indicates compromised rapid exhaustion of the cellular system. Conclusion: Hence, we conclude that stress of different nature, intensity and duration can alter the levels of GSH-related antioxidants, especially in the kidney, ovary and brain tissues of stressed Wistar rats. The GSH levels in liver tissues were observed not to have changed significantly despite the oxidative damage caused by the stressors.

Long-term effects of early overfeeding and food restriction during puberty on cardiac remodeling in adult rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Chavaglia Cavalet ◽  
Larissa Cristina dos Santos Ribeiro ◽  
Gustavo Bergoli Rosa ◽  
Kássia Kristina Sousa ◽  
Aryanne Batista Soares de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
The Impact

AbstractNutritional disorders during the perinatal period cause cardiometabolic dysfunction, which is observable in the early overfeeding (EO) experimental model. Therefore, severe caloric restriction has the potential of affecting homeostasis through the same epigenetic mechanisms, and its effects need elucidation. This work aims to determine the impact of food restriction (FR) during puberty in early overfed obese and non-obese animals in adult life. Three days after delivery (PN3), Wistar rats were separated into two groups: normal litter (NL; 9 pups) and small litter (SL; 3 pups). At PN30, some offspring were subjected to FR (50%) until PN60, or maintained with free access to standard chow. NL and SL animals submitted to food restriction (NLFR and SLFR groups) were kept in recovery with free access to standard chow from PN60 until PN120. Body weight and food intake were monitored throughout the experimental period. At PN120 cardiovascular parameters were analyzed and the animals were euthanized for sample collection. SLNF and SLFR offspring were overweight and had increased adiposity. Differences in blood pressure were observed only between obese and non-obese animals. Obese and FR animals have cardiac remodeling showing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the presence of interstitial and perivascular fibrosis. FR animals also show increased expression of AT1 and AT2 receptors and of total ERK and p-ERK. The present study showed that EO leads to the obese phenotype and cardiovascular disruptions. Interestingly, we demonstrated that severe FR during puberty leads to cardiac remodeling.

Ovariectomy and its Antioxidative Effect on Bone

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durg V. Rai ◽  
Harcharan Singh Ranu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact

Ovarian hormone deficiency increases the generation of reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidative damage to cells. Cells have a number of defense mechanisms to protect themselves from the toxicity of ROS. There is increasing evidence of the role of free radicals in bone resorption and bone loss. Ovariectomised female wistar rats had been used as the animal model for the study of osteoporosis. Even though, there are studies portraying the role of free radicals in bone loss, the defense mechanism adapted by bone in ovariectomised animals remains obscure. So, the impact of ovariectomy on the bone antioxidant system in rats was investigated. Twenty female wistar rats were taken and divided into two groups: ovariectomised and control. It had been found that a significant (p&lt;0.001) decrease in the activity of various enzymes like CAT (catalase), SOD (superoxide dismutase) (p&lt;0.001), GST (glutathione-s-transferase). However, an increase in the malondialdehyde levels was found to be 30% in the ovariectomised rats as compared to the controls. Thus the study elucidates the oxidative stress in bone under ovariectomy.

scholarly journals Early Maternal Deprivation Enhances Voluntary Alcohol Intake Induced by Exposure to Stressful Events Later in Life

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Peñasco ◽  
Virginia Mela ◽  
Jose Antonio López-Moreno ◽  
María-Paz Viveros ◽  
Eva M. Marco
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Maternal Deprivation ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Alcohol Cessation ◽  
The Impact

In the present study, we aimed to assess the impact of early life stress, in the form of early maternal deprivation (MD, 24 h on postnatal day, pnd, 9), on voluntary alcohol intake in adolescent male and femaleWistarrats. During adolescence, from pnd 28 to pnd 50, voluntary ethanol intake (20%, v/v) was investigated using the two-bottle free choice paradigm. To better understand the relationship between stress and alcohol consumption, voluntary alcohol intake was also evaluated following additional stressful events later in life, that is, a week of alcohol cessation and a week of alcohol cessation combined with exposure to restraint stress. Female animals consumed more alcohol than males only after a second episode of alcohol cessation combined with restraint stress. MD did not affect baseline voluntary alcohol intake but increased voluntary alcohol intake after stress exposure, indicating that MD may render animals more vulnerable to the effects of stress on alcohol intake. During adolescence, when animals had free access to alcohol, MD animals showed lower body weight gain but a higher growth rate than control animals. Moreover, the higher growth rate was accompanied by a decrease in food intake, suggesting an altered metabolic regulation in MD animals that may interact with alcohol intake.

scholarly journals Intermittent Fasting for Twelve Weeks Leads to Increases in Fat Mass and Hyperinsulinemia in Young Female Wistar Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cláudia Munhoz ◽  
Eloisa Aparecida Vilas-Boas ◽  
Ana Carolina Panveloski-Costa ◽  
Jaqueline Santos Moreira Leite ◽  
Camila Ferraz Lucena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Fasting is known to cause physiological changes in the endocrine pancreas, including decreased insulin secretion and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, there is no consensus about the long-term effects of intermittent fasting (IF), which can involve up to 24 hours of fasting interspersed with normal feeding days. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of alternate-day IF for 12 weeks in a developing and healthy organism. Female 30-day-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control, with free access to standard rodent chow; and IF, subjected to 24-hour fasts intercalated with 24-hours of free access to the same chow. Alternate-day IF decreased weight gain and food intake. Surprisingly, IF also elevated plasma insulin concentrations, both at baseline and after glucose administration collected during oGTT. After 12 weeks of dietary intervention, pancreatic islets displayed increased ROS production and apoptosis. Despite their lower body weight, IF animals had increased fat reserves and decreased muscle mass. Taken together, these findings suggest that alternate-day IF promote β -cell dysfunction, especially in developing animals. More long-term research is necessary to define the best IF protocol to reduce side effects.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETES ON REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES (FOLLICLE STIMULATING, LUTEINIZING AND PROLACTIN), LIPID PROFILE AND SERUM ELECTROLYTES IN MALE AND FEMALE WISTAR RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Bukonla Oluyemisi Adegbesan ◽  
Olugbenga Owolabi Ogunlabi ◽  
Temtope Abigail Fasanya ◽  
Ayodeji Adebayo Adelegan ◽  
Emmanuel Oladipupo Ajani
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Type1 Diabetes ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Female Subjects

Human patients with Type1 diabetes and inadequate metabolic control have been found to exhibit a high prevalence of infertility but the exact mechanism by which this happens has not been fully elucidated. Alterations in the levels of lipids and electrolytes are considered to be good indications of some certain diseases including diabetes. This study aims at elucidating the impact of diabetes on the reproductive functions of male and female subjects as well as the responses of lipid profile which could be a determining factor affecting diabetic condition, to Alloxan-induced diabetes using male and female Wistar rats. To explore this, various hormonal assays assessing reproductive hormones such as Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH); Luteinizing hormone (LH); Prolactin hormone (PRL); lipid profile analyses and electrolytes measurements were employed. Our results showed that diabetes induce significant reduction in the levels of FSH and LH in both male and female rats (p<0.0001); significant reduction in the levels of LH in male (p<0.01) and female (p<0.0001); significant increase in the levels of prolactin (PRL) in male (p<0.05) and female (p<0.0001) ; significant increases in cholesterol levels in both male and female rats (p<0.01), an indication that diabetes is accompanied in most cases by hypercholesterolemia and triglycerides levels in both male (p<0.01) and female (p<0.0005) rats when compared to the control rats. The results obtained in this study shed more light on the mechanism by which fertility in male and female subjects is affected by diabetes and suggest possible mechanisms by which infertility could result from diabetes.

scholarly journals The impact of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone on oestrous cycle and reproductive hormones in female wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-288
Author(s):  
A.O. Olarinoye ◽  
A.O. Oyewopo ◽  
J.K. Olarinoye ◽  
B.A. Olagbaye
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation

Aim of Study: The study was aimed at evaluating the impact of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from mobile phones on the oestrous cycle and reproductive hormones in female Wistar rats.Methods: Twenty-one Mature female Wistar rats weighing 180 to 250 grams were acclimatized for 2 weeks and divided into control (A), 4hrs (B) and 6hrs (C) groups and were exposed to RE-EMF for a period of 28 days. Oestrous cycle was monitored daily and hormonal level was determined using standardized enzymatic colorimetric methods. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the mean values of variables among the groups accepting statistical significance at p≤ 0.05.Results: Oestrous cycle was deranged in experimental group compared to the control. Mean serum level of Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in control group remained low compared to the exposed groups. Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in group A were almost double that of the group B and C, while the serum level of Oestrogen was lowest in group A. Progesterone level in the control group was higher than the experimental group.Conclusion: RF EMR showed an adverse effect on the weight and oestrous cycle but the effect on the reproductive hormones is not  significant although the effect appeared to be related to the duration of exposure. 

scholarly journals Valuation of three different anaesthetic protocols on complete blood count and biochemical parameters on Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. LELOVAS ◽  
M. S. STASINOPOULOU ◽  
E. G. BALAFAS ◽  
M. A. NIKITA ◽  
N. T. SISKOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of three different anaesthetic protocols on blood and biochemical parameters. Eighteen female Wistar rats (HsdOla:WI) 3 months old, weighting 197.09 ± 7.39 g were used. Baseline blood collection was performed in all animals from the lateral coccygeal vein for evaluation of glucose. The animals were then randomly allocated to receive one of three different anaesthetic protocols: dexmedetomidine/ketamine intramuscularly (0.25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg respectively), or isoflurane 0.2 ml on cotton inside a syringe case, or isoflurane administered by vaporiser (5% induction and 2-3% maintenance of anaesthesia, delivered in oxygen flow 1 L/min). Blood samples were collected from caudal vena cava for complete blood count and biochemical analysis, while the lung and the liver were harvested for histological evaluation. Comparison between groups, as far as complete blood count parameters is concerned, revealed statistical significant differences in red blood cells, haematocrit and haemoglobin values with lower values being observed in vaporiser anaesthesia group. Furthermore, within group comparison revealed statistical significant differences for glucose in all three groups. No evidence of inflammatory, degenerative neoplastic or toxicity related lesions were observed during histological evaluation of the lung and liver.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the biochemical, haematological and histopathological parameters of female Wistar rats fed with aqueous and ethanol extracts of Aspilia africana leaves.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-267
Author(s):  
Uche O. Arunsi ◽  
Godwin C. Chinyere ◽  
Kenneth O. Ngwogu ◽  
Ada C. Ngwogu ◽  
Okechukwu C. Atasie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Aspilia africana is a plant commonly used to stop bleeding, heal wound, and manage various stomach complaints. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of A. africana on biochemical (liver function tests, renal function tests, and lipid profile), histopathological (kidney and liver) and haematological parameters of the female Wistar rats. Methods: To study acute toxicity, the median lethal dose (LD50) was determined by oral administration of different doses of the extract to 8 groups of 3 rats each and the animals were observed for 24 hours for signs of toxicity. To evaluate the toxicological effect of the extract, 3 groups of 5 animals each received 0.5 mL normal saline (control), 250 or 500 mg/kg of the extracts for 2 consecutive weeks. Results: Data revealed the LD50 of the extract to be >5000 mg/kg.bw. There was no significant variation in organosomatic indices of the animals fed with aqueous and ethanol extracts of A. africana leaves. In comparison with the control, there were significant increases (p<0.05) in serum liver and kidney biomarkers, high density lipoprotein, and white blood cells while some red cells indices, platelets, some lipid profile levels reduced significantly (p<0.05). A marked alteration in hepatic and renal architectures was also observed. Conclusion: The result of this study shows that the A. africana leaf may not be safe as medicine despite the outcome of LD50 acute toxicity studies. For it to be integrated in folk medicine, we recommend its use at minimal doses.

Effects of the α2-adrenoceptor agonist, guanfacine, on growth rate, glucose, corticosterone, insulin and energy partitioning in rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-459
Author(s):  
C. Gazzola ◽  
W. G. Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Body Energy

AbstractIn experiment 1, female Wistar rats (no. = 24) with free access to food were treated daily for 8 days with subcutaneous injections of saline or 0·5 mg/kg of the α2-adrenoceptor agonist, guanfacine hydrochloride. In experiment 2, female Wistar rats (no. = 24), restricted to 12 g food per day were treated daily for 45 days with subcutaneous injections of 1 μl/g body weight saline containing 0, 0.001, 0.025 or 0·5 mg/kg guanfacine hydrochloride. In experiment 1, the control and treated groups consumed similar amounts of food but the guanfacine-treated animals gained less body weight (P 0.05) and less muscle mass (P 0.01). The treated animals had pronounced glucosuria (P < 0.05) during the whole treatment period. At slaughter, the treated group had higher blood glucose (P < 0.001) and serum corticosterone (P < 005) but insulin concentrations were not different. In experiment 2, only the 0.5 mg/kg dose of guanfacine had significant effects. Resting oxygen consumption on day 29 of treatment was proportionately 0.10 lower in this group compared with controls (P < 0.05). There was no effect of treatment on growth rate. After 46 days, the 0·5 mg/kg treatment group had proportionately 0·35 more body fat (P < 0.01), higher body fat content (P < 0.01), higher total body energy (P < 0.05) and higher total body energy content (P < 0.05). Experiment 1 linked reduced growth rate with increased corticosterone concentrations and experiment 2 suggested the mechanism may be a repartitioning of energy storage to lipid. However, it was not determined whether these consequences were a direct effect of guanfacine or a secondary effect due to corticosterone. In spite of reductions in energy expenditure, guanfacine retards growth in rats and mice, but not in cattle where growth is enhanced. Thus rodents may have a limited usefulness as models for studies of α2-adrenoceptor agonists in cattle.

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