Long-term effects of early overfeeding and food restriction during puberty on cardiac remodeling in adult rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Chavaglia Cavalet ◽  
Larissa Cristina dos Santos Ribeiro ◽  
Gustavo Bergoli Rosa ◽  
Kássia Kristina Sousa ◽  
Aryanne Batista Soares de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
The Impact

AbstractNutritional disorders during the perinatal period cause cardiometabolic dysfunction, which is observable in the early overfeeding (EO) experimental model. Therefore, severe caloric restriction has the potential of affecting homeostasis through the same epigenetic mechanisms, and its effects need elucidation. This work aims to determine the impact of food restriction (FR) during puberty in early overfed obese and non-obese animals in adult life. Three days after delivery (PN3), Wistar rats were separated into two groups: normal litter (NL; 9 pups) and small litter (SL; 3 pups). At PN30, some offspring were subjected to FR (50%) until PN60, or maintained with free access to standard chow. NL and SL animals submitted to food restriction (NLFR and SLFR groups) were kept in recovery with free access to standard chow from PN60 until PN120. Body weight and food intake were monitored throughout the experimental period. At PN120 cardiovascular parameters were analyzed and the animals were euthanized for sample collection. SLNF and SLFR offspring were overweight and had increased adiposity. Differences in blood pressure were observed only between obese and non-obese animals. Obese and FR animals have cardiac remodeling showing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the presence of interstitial and perivascular fibrosis. FR animals also show increased expression of AT1 and AT2 receptors and of total ERK and p-ERK. The present study showed that EO leads to the obese phenotype and cardiovascular disruptions. Interestingly, we demonstrated that severe FR during puberty leads to cardiac remodeling.

scholarly journals Levels of glutathione-related antioxidants in some tissues of stressed Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Bartholomew Chukwuebuka Nwogueze ◽  
Anthony Emeka Ojieh ◽  
Chukwuemeka Peter Aloamaka ◽  
John Chukwuka Igweh ◽  
Innocent Onyesom
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Oxidative stress (OS)-related pathologic conditions in the tissues of living organism have been linked to exposure to stressful events within the environment. This study examined the impact of different kinds of stress exposure on glutathione (GSH)-related antioxidants. The effect of stress was examined using comparative levels of GSH, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in female Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty-eight adult female Wistar rats with body weights ranging between 150 and 200 g, were used for the study. The animals were distributed into 28 groups of six animals each. The experimental animals were routinely exposed to three different stressors; restraint chamber test, mirror chamber test and intruder chamber test for a duration of 1, 3 or 5 h per day for 1, 2 and 3 weeks, respectively. All animals were allowed free access to food (rat chaws), with water ad libitum. Animals were euthanise through cervical dislocation after the experimental period and the different target tissues were carefully harvested and homogenised for antioxidant estimation following standard procedure. Data obtained were statistically analysed and values expressed as mean ± standard error of mean and P < 0.05 level was considered as statistically significant. Results: Findings from this study elucidated the fact that exposure to stress is capable of causing marked OS and reducing GSH-based antioxidant activities in Wistar rats. A decline in the GSH level and GPx activity as observed in the study is an indication of alterations of kidney and brain tissue cellular integrity by free radicals generated during exposure to the stressors, while the observed significant increase in GST activity level in the affected tissues indicates compromised rapid exhaustion of the cellular system. Conclusion: Hence, we conclude that stress of different nature, intensity and duration can alter the levels of GSH-related antioxidants, especially in the kidney, ovary and brain tissues of stressed Wistar rats. The GSH levels in liver tissues were observed not to have changed significantly despite the oxidative damage caused by the stressors.

scholarly journals Intracellular Dyssynchrony of Diastolic Cytosolic [Ca 2+ ] Decay in Ventricular Cardiomyocytes in Cardiac Remodeling and Human Heart Failure

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Hohendanner ◽  
Senka Ljubojević ◽  
Niall MacQuaide ◽  
Michael Sacherer ◽  
Simon Sedej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Cyclopiazonic Acid ◽  
Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Human Heart Failure ◽  
Mitochondrial Density ◽  
Human Cardiomyocytes ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The Impact

Rationale : Synchronized release of Ca 2+ into the cytosol during each cardiac cycle determines cardiomyocyte contraction. Objective: We investigated synchrony of cytosolic [Ca 2+ ] decay during diastole and the impact of cardiac remodeling. Methods and Results: Local cytosolic [Ca 2+ ] transients (1-µm intervals) were recorded in murine, porcine, and human ventricular single cardiomyocytes. We identified intracellular regions of slow (slowCaR) and fast (fastCaR) [Ca 2+ ] decay based on the local time constants of decay (TAU local ). The SD of TAU local as a measure of dyssynchrony was not related to the amplitude or the timing of local Ca 2+ release. Stimulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase with forskolin or istaroxime accelerated and its inhibition with cyclopiazonic acid slowed TAU local significantly more in slowCaR, thus altering the relationship between SD of TAU local and global [Ca 2+ ] decay (TAU global ). Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger inhibitor SEA0400 prolonged TAU local similarly in slowCaR and fastCaR. FastCaR were associated with increased mitochondrial density and were more sensitive to the mitochondrial Ca 2+ uniporter blocker Ru360. Variation in TAU local was higher in pig and human cardiomyocytes and higher with increased stimulation frequency (2 Hz). TAU local correlated with local sarcomere relengthening. In mice with myocardial hypertrophy after transverse aortic constriction, in pigs with chronic myocardial ischemia, and in end-stage human heart failure, variation in TAU local was increased and related to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increased mitochondrial density. Conclusions: In cardiomyocytes, cytosolic [Ca 2+ ] decay is regulated locally and related to local sarcomere relengthening. Dyssynchronous intracellular [Ca 2+ ] decay in cardiac remodeling and end-stage heart failure suggests a novel mechanism of cellular contractile dysfunction.

scholarly journals Spontaneous intake of essential oils after a negative postnatal experience has long-term effects on blood transcriptome in chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Foury ◽  
Anne Collin ◽  
Jean-Christophe Helbling ◽  
Christine Leterrier ◽  
Marie-Pierre Moisan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Delayed Group ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Blood Transcriptome

AbstractChicks subjected to early stressful factors could develop long-lasting effects on their performances, welfare and health. Free access to essential oils (EO) in poultry farming could mitigate these effects and potentially reduce use of antimicrobial drugs. This study on chicken analyzed long-lasting effects of post-hatch adverse conditions (Delayed group), and the impact of EO intake on blood physiological parameters and transcriptome. Half of the Control and Delayed groups had free access to EO, while the other half had only water for the first 13 days post-hatching. Blood analyses of metabolites, inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers, and mRNA expression showed sex differences. Long-lasting effects of postnatal experience and EO intake persisted in blood transcriptome at D34. The early adverse conditions modified 68 genes in males and 83 genes in females. In Delayed males six transcription factors were over-represented (NFE2L2, MEF2A, FOXI1, Foxd3, Sox2 and TEAD1). In females only one factor was over-represented (PLAG1) and four under-represented (NFIL3, Foxd3, ESR2 and TAL1::TCF3). The genes showing modified expression are involved in oxidative stress, growth, bone metabolism and reproduction. Remarkably, spontaneous EO intake restored the expression levels of some genes affected by the postnatal adverse conditions suggesting a mitigating effect of EO intake.

scholarly journals Effects of Chronic Exposure to Low-Dose delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Adolescence and Adulthood on Serotonin/Norepinephrine Neurotransmission and Emotional Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 751-761
Author(s):  
Danilo De Gregorio ◽  
Joshua Dean Conway ◽  
Martha-Lopez Canul ◽  
Luca Posa ◽  
Francis Rodriguez Bambico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adult Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Chronic exposure to D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main pharmacological component of cannabis, during adolescence has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of depression and suicidality in humans. Little is known about the impact of the long-term effects of chronic exposure to low doses of THC in adolescent compared with adult rodents. Methods THC (1 mg/kg i.p., once per day) or vehicle was administered for 20 days in both adolescent (post-natal day 30–50) and young adult rats (post-natal day 50–70). After a long washout period (20 days), behavioral tests and electrophysiological recordings of serotonin and norepinephrine neurons were carried out. Results Adolescent THC exposure resulted in depressive behaviors: decreased latency to first immobility in the forced swim test and increased anhedonia in the sucrose preference test. Decreased entries in the open arms were observed in the elevated plus maze after adolescent and adult exposure, indicating an anxious phenotype. A significant reduction in dorsal raphe serotonergic neural activity without a change in locus coeruleus noradrenergic neural activity was found after adolescent and adult exposure. Conclusions Altogether, these findings suggest that chronic low-dose THC exposure during the critical developmental period of adolescence and during adulthood could result in increased vulnerability of the serotonin system accompanied by anxiety symptoms. However, depressive phenotypes occur only after adolescent exposure but not after adult exposure, underscoring the greater vulnerability of young ages to the mental effects of cannabis.

scholarly journals Fructose Consumption by Adult Rats Exposed to Dexamethasone In Utero Changes the Phenotype of Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Exacerbates Intestinal Gluconeogenesis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gizela A. Pereira ◽  
Frhancielly S. Sodré ◽  
Gilson M. Murata ◽  
Andressa G. Amaral ◽  
Tanyara B. Payolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Intestinal Gluconeogenesis

Fructose consumption by rodents modulates both hepatic and intestinal lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis. We have previously demonstrated that in utero exposure to dexamethasone (DEX) interacts with fructose consumption during adult life to exacerbate hepatic steatosis in rats. The aim of this study was to clarify if adult rats born to DEX-treated mothers would display differences in intestinal gluconeogenesis after excessive fructose intake. To address this issue, female Wistar rats were treated with DEX during pregnancy and control (CTL) mothers were kept untreated. Adult offspring born to CTL and DEX-treated mothers were assigned to receive either tap water (Control-Standard Chow (CTL-SC) and Dexamethasone-Standard Chow (DEX-SC)) or 10% fructose in the drinking water (CTL-fructose and DEX-fructose). Fructose consumption lasted for 80 days. All rats were subjected to a 40 h fasting before sample collection. We found that DEX-fructose rats have increased glucose and reduced lactate in the portal blood. Jejunum samples of DEX-fructose rats have enhanced phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression and activity, higher facilitated glucose transporter member 2 (GLUT2) and facilitated glucose transporter member 5 (GLUT5) content, and increased villous height, crypt depth, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining. The current data reveal that rats born to DEX-treated mothers that consume fructose during adult life have increased intestinal gluconeogenesis while recapitulating metabolic and morphological features of the neonatal jejunum phenotype.

scholarly journals Sex differences in choice-based thermal nociceptive tasks in adult rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin R Bourgeois ◽  
Ashley M Kopec
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Nociceptive Response ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
The Impact

Interest in the role of sex as a biological variable continues to increase, including a mandate for the study of both sexes in NIH-funded research. Choice-based thermal nociceptive tests allow for the study of a more spontaneous response to thermal stimuli and avoidance behavior compared to traditional nociceptive assays, and their usage has been increasing in recent years. However, to date no comparison of naive male and female responses to such tests has been published. As sex differences are known to exist in both human chronic pain conditions and rodent models of nociception, it is critical to understand the impact of sex on any nociceptive assay. Herein, we examined the effect of sex on two choice-based thermal nociceptive tests, the thermal gradient test and the temperature place preference test, in adult rats. We report that marked sex differences exist in responses to these tests. Namely, the activation of a 10 C-to-47 C thermal gradient results in an increase in time spent in the 10 C zone in females, compared to a reduction in males. In a temperature place preference test pairing a surface temperature of 22 C with either 5 C, 10 C, 47 C, or 50 C, males spent less than 50% of their time in every non-22 C zone, but in females this was only observed when testing 50 C. Together, these results suggest that male rats show more avoidance behavior to non-ambient temperatures when given free access to multiple zones, including at temperatures which are milder than those typically used to evoke a nociceptive response in traditional hot and cold plate tests.

Effect of copayment policies on initial medication non-adherence according to income: a population-based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 878-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Aznar-Lou ◽  
Anton Pottegård ◽  
Ana Fernández ◽  
María Teresa Peñarrubia-María ◽  
Antoni Serrano-Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Initial Medication

ObjectiveCopayment policies aim to reduce the burden of medication expenditure but may affect adherence and generate inequities in access to healthcare. The objective was to evaluate the impact of two copayment measures on initial medication non-adherence (IMNA) in several medication groups and by income level.DesignA population-based study was conducted using real-world evidence.SettingPrimary care in Catalonia (Spain) where two separate copayment measures (fixed copayment and coinsurance) were introduced between 2011 and 2013.ParticipantEvery patient with a new prescription issued between 2011 and 2014 (3 million patients and 10 million prescriptions).OutcomesIMNA was estimated throughout dispensing and invoicing information. Changes in IMNA prevalence after the introduction of copayment policies (immediate level change and trend changes) were estimated through segmented logistic regression. The regression models were stratified by economic status and medication groups.ResultsBefore changes to copayment policies, IMNA prevalence remained stable. The introduction of a fixed copayment was followed by a statistically significant increase in IMNA in poor population, low/middle-income pensioners and low-income non-pensioners (OR from 1.047 to 1.370). In high-income populations, there was a large statistically non-significant increase. IMNA decreased in the low-income population after suspension of the fixed copayment and the introduction of a coinsurance policy that granted this population free access to medications (OR=0.676). Penicillins were least affected while analgesics were affected to the greatest extent. IMNA to medications for chronic conditions increased in low/middle-income pensioners.ConclusionEven nominal charge fixed copayment may generate inequities in access to health services. An anticipation effect and expenses associated with IMNA may have generated short-term costs. A reduction in copayment can protect from non-adherence and have positive, long-term effects. Copayment scenarios could have considerable long-term consequences for health and costs due to increased IMNA in medication for chronic physical conditions.

scholarly journals The Aberfan disaster: 33-year follow-up of survivors

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Morgan ◽  
Jane Scourfield ◽  
David Williams ◽  
Anne Jasper ◽  
Glyn Lewis
Keyword(s):  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundExperiencing life-threatening events often contributes to the onset of such psychiatric conditions as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Children can develop PTSD; however, there is controversy over whether PTSD symptoms decrease or persist over time.AimsTo examine the long-term effects of surviving the 1966 Aberfan disaster in childhood.MethodSurvivors (n=41) were compared with controls (n=72) matched for age and background. All were interviewed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, measures of current health and social satisfaction, and the General Health Questionnaire. The survivor group also completed the Impact of Event Scale to assess current levels of PTSD.ResultsNineteen (46%; 95%CI 31–61) survivors had had PTSD at some point since the disaster, compared with 12 (20%; 95% CI 10–30) controls (OR=3.38 (95% CI 1.40–8.47)). Of the survivors, 12 (29%; 95% CI 15–43) met diagnostic criteria for current PTSD. Survivors were not at a significantly increased risk of anxiety, depression or substance misuse.ConclusionsTrauma in childhood can lead to PTSD, and PTSD symptoms can persist for as long as 33 years into adult life. Rates of other psychopathological disorders are not necessarily raised after life-threatening childhood trauma.

SUMBER-SUMBER RESILIENSI PADA REMAJA AKHIR YANG MENGALAMI KEKERASAN DARI ORANGTUA PADA MASA KANAK-KANAK

Psibernetika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devina Calista ◽  
Garvin Garvin
Keyword(s):  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Parental Affection ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
Childhood Violence ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

<p><em>Child abuse by parents is common in households. The impact of violence on children will bring short-term effects and long-term effects that can be attributed to their various emotional, behavioral and social problems in the future; especially in late adolescence that will enter adulthood. Resilience factors increase the likelihood that adolescents who are victims of childhood violence recover from their past experiences</em><em>,</em><em> become more powerful individuals and have a better life. The purpose of this study was to determine the source of resilience in late adolescents who experienced violence from parents in their childhood. This research uses qualitative research methods with in-depth interviews as a method of data collection. The result shows that the three research participants have the aspects of "I Have", "I Am", and "I Can"; a participant has "I Can" aspects as a source of resilience, and one other subject has no source of resilience. The study concluded that parental affection and acceptance of the past experience have role to the three sources of resilience (I Have, I Am, and I Can)</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keyword : </em></strong><em>Resilience, adolescence, violence, parents</em></p>

EFEKTIVITAS UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER SECARA ONLINE MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI GOOGLE FORM PADA SMP MA'ARIF NU CIMANGGU

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Diky Setiawan ◽  
Mochammad Hasymi Somaida
Keyword(s):  
Survey Method ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Quantitative Survey ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Impact

The Corona virus is a virus that originates from China, and spreads rapidly throughout the world andbegan to spread to Indonesia in early March 2020. The impact of Covid-19 has caused losses in all fields,be it economy, education, etc. In the field of education, activities both learning and examinations must bereplaced online due to the impact of the spread of Covid-19. This study aims to determine theeffectiveness of the implementation of UAS which is carried out online using the Google Form applicationmedia at SMP MA'ARIF NU CIMANGGU. This research uses the quantitative survey method whichdescribes the online UAS implementation activities at SMP MA'ARIF NU CIMANGGU during thepandemic. The object consists of 35 student respondents. The data sample collection is done using aquestionnaire / questionnaire containing questions related to the implementation of UAS online using theGoogle Form application at SMP MA ' ARIF NU CIMANGGU. Based on the results of this study, theimplementation of online UAS runs effectively f and good, it can be seen from the results of satisfactorystudent scores. The application used is of course the Googke Form as the main media, and Whatsapp as amedium for interaction between teachers and students. The obstacles experienced are regarding badconnections, limited quota, schedules that frequently change, as well as difficulties in understandingsubject matter.Keywords: Covid-19,impact,effectiveness

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