Impact of ovariohysterectomy and food intake on body composition, physical activity, and adipose gene expression in cats1

To examine the hypothesis that physiologic regulation of short-term food intake (FI) in boys is affected by the interaction between physiological and environmental factors, four studies were conducted. The primary objectives were as follows: (i) to compare the effect of glucose and whey-protein (50 g) preloads on satiety and FI as affected by time to the next meal and body composition in normal weight (NW) and obese (OB) boys; (ii) to examine the role of short-duration physical activity on subjective appetite and to identify the role of and associations between fitness and FI at a pizza lunch 30 min after glucose and whey-protein drinks in NW boys; (iii) to determine the effect of television viewing (TVV) on FI of boys at a meal and its effect on caloric compensation at the test meal after a premeal glucose drink; and (iv) to determine the reproducibility of short-term FI and subjective appetite after a glucose preload, ventilation threshold (VT), and body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Obese boys responded less than NW boys to whey protein, with time (30 vs. 60 min) to the next meal the response decreasing to glucose but increasing to protein. Subjective appetite was increased by short-duration physical activity and FI following glucose and whey-protein preloads was positively associated with VT in boys. TVV while eating a meal contributed to increased energy intake by delaying normal mealtime satiation and reducing satiety signals from previously consumed foods. Short-term FI after a glucose preload, subjective appetite after glucose and physical activity, VT, and body composition assessed by BIA were reproducible in boys. In conclusion, physiologic regulation of short-term FI in boys was affected by the interaction between physiological and environmental factors. Macronutrient source, body weight and composition, time to the next meal, short-duration physical activity and fitness, and TVV at mealtime impacted on FI regulation in boys.

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Evaluation of Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Food Intake in Patients with Inborn Errors of Intermediary Metabolism

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13062111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 2111

Author(s):

María-José de Castro ◽

Paula Sánchez-Pintos ◽

Nisreem Abdelaziz-Salem ◽

Rosaura Leis ◽

María L. Couce

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Body Composition ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Food Intake ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Z Score ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Inborn Errors

Children with inborn errors of intermediary metabolism (IEiM) must follow special diets that restrict their intake of essential nutrients and may compromise normal growth and development. We evaluated body composition, bone mineral density, physical activity, and food intake in IEiM patients undergoing dietary treatment. IEiM patients (n = 99) aged 5–19 years and healthy age- and sex-matched controls (n = 98) were recruited and underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to evaluate anthropometric characteristics and body composition. Data on food intake and physical activity were also collected using validated questionnaires. The height z-score was significantly lower in IEiM patients than controls (−0.28 vs. 0.15; p = 0.008), particularly in those with carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism disorders. Significant differences in adiposity were observed between patients and controls for the waist circumference z-score (−0.08 vs. −0.58; p = 0.005), but not the body mass index z-score (0.56 vs. 0.42; p = 0.279). IEiM patients had a significantly lower total bone mineral density (BMD) than controls (0.89 vs. 1.6; p = 0.001) and a higher risk of osteopenia (z-score < −2, 33.3% vs. 20.4%) and osteoporosis (z-score < −2.5, 7.1% vs. 0%), but none presented fractures. There was a significant positive correlation between natural protein intake and BMD. Our results indicate that patients with IEiM undergoing dietary treatment, especially those with amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism disorders, present alterations in body composition, including a reduced height, a tendency towards overweight and obesity, and a reduced BMD.

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The Influence Of Physical Activity And Body Composition On Gene Expression In Breast Adipose Tissue

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000686272.19701.5b ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (7S) ◽

pp. 984-984

Author(s):

Hannah K. Schulte ◽

Sarah E. Neil-Sztramko ◽

Nagarajan Kannan ◽

Gift Nyamundanda ◽

Anguraj Sadanandam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Breast Adipose Tissue ◽

Breast Adipose

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Measurement Issues Related to Studies of Childhood Obesity: Assessment of Body Composition, Body Fat Distribution, Physical Activity, and Food Intake

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.101.s2.505 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 101 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 505-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Michael I. Goran

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Food Intake ◽

Body Fat ◽

Research Priorities ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Current Status ◽

Nutrition Research ◽

Distribution Energy

This article reviews the current status of various methodologies used in obesity and nutrition research in children, with particular emphasis on identifying priorities for research needs. The focus of the article is 1) to review methodologic aspects involved with measurement of body composition, body-fat distribution, energy expenditure and substrate use, physical activity, and food intake in children; and 2) to present an inventory of research priorities.

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Association between Body Composition, Physical Activity, Food Intake and Bone Status in German Children and Adolescents

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17197294 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (19) ◽

pp. 7294

Author(s):

Juliane Heydenreich ◽

Antje Schweter ◽

Petra Lührmann

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Food Intake ◽

Bone Mass ◽

School Children ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Activity Level ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Bone Status

Achieving a high bone mass during childhood and adolescence is important for the prevention of osteoporosis in later life. Herein, the purpose was to assess the relationship of various lifestyle factors and bone outcomes in school children. In 248 girls (13.4 ± 1.9 years, BMI: 20.2 ± 4.8 kg m−2) and 231 boys (13.6 ± 1.7 years, BMI: 19.3 ± 3.3 kg m−2), bone mass (stiffness index, SI; calcaneal quantitative ultrasonometry), body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), food intake (food frequency questionnaire), and physical activity level (PAL; standardized questionnaire) were assessed. The individual food intake of eight food groups was related to the German recommendations (Bone Healthy Eating Index, BoneHEI; 0–100 points). Relationships between SI and lifestyle factors (Spearman´s rank correlation) and the influence of the factors on the variance of SI (multiple linear regression) were tested (α = 0.05). SI correlated with age, BMI, absolute fat-free mass, relative fat mass, PAL, and puberty category score in both girls and boys (r = 0.18–0.56, p < 0.01), but not with BoneHEI (p > 0.05). Age, absolute fat-free mass, sex, and PAL explained 35% of the variance of SI (p < 0.0001): SI = −0.60 + 2.97∙age (years) + 0.65∙fat-free mass (kg) + 6.21∙sex (0 = male, 1 = female) + 17.55∙PAL. Besides age and sex, PAL and fat-free mass are important factors relating to bone health. School children should perform regular physical activity to improve their bone status.

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