Dietary Alfalfa Meal for Genetically Obese and Lean Growing Pigs: Effect on Body Weight Gain and on Carcass and Gastrointestinal Tract Measurements and Blood Metabolites

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Pond ◽  
J. T. Yen ◽  
R. N. Lindvall ◽  
Dale Hill
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Alfalfa Meal

scholarly journals PSX-31 Effects of substitution of corn and soybean meal with dried distiller’s grains and solubles (DDGS) in legume based diets on lamb feed intake, body weight gain and blood metabolites

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 455-456
Author(s):  
Kianna E Lyte ◽  
Brou Kouakou ◽  
Jung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake

Abstract In the United States, bioethanol is generated from corn and biodiesel from soybean oil to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Ethanol production generates DDGS, high in bypass protein and soluble carbohydrates, which can be used as a cheaper alternative replacement for corn and soybean. This experiment was conducted to evaluate voluntary feed intake, body weight gain and blood metabolites of lambs fed legume-based diets supplemented with corn and soybean meal or dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS). Animals were individually housed in pens (1.52 mx 1.52 m) under a modified carport shed with woodchips as bedding. They were stratified into four groups (n = 9) with similar weights and standard deviation and randomly assigned to four treatments. The lambs were fed ground sericea hay (SL) or alfalfa meal (ALF) with either corn and soybean meal (control) or DDGS for 60 days. Treatments were SLC, SLDDGS, ALFC and AFLDDGS. The lambs were fed ad libitum based on their selected treatment and given water daily. At the end of the 60 days, weights and blood samples were collected. Plasma samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Data were analyzed using Proc Mix Procedure of SAS. Results indicated that replacing corn with DDGS did not (P > 0.05) affect voluntary feed intake, final live weight and carcass weight. Blood NEFA and glucose were not affected by dietary treatments. BUN increased in lambs fed alfalfa with corn and soybean meal compared to animals fed either legume supplemented with DDGS. Similarly animals fed sericea have lower (P < 0.05) BUN (19 vs 23 mg/dL) when corn and soybean meal were replaced with DDGS. DDGS can be used in legume diets for growing lambs in replacement for corn and soybean meal.

scholarly journals The effects of environmental temperature and plane of nutrition on heat loss, energy retention and deposition of protein and fat in groups of growing pigs

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. A. Verstegen ◽  
W. H. Close ◽  
I. B. Start ◽  
L. E. Mount
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Energy Retention

1. Eight groups each of four castrated male pigs, 25–30 kg initial body-weight, were kept for periods of 3 weeks in a calorimeter equipped as a pig pen and maintained at either 8° or 20°. At each temperature two feeding levels (g food/kg body-weight per d) were used, 45 and 52 at 8°, and 39 and 45 at 20°. Metabolizable energy, heat loss and nitrogen balance were measured.2. Heat loss was higher at 8° than at 20° and was independent of plane of nutrition, whereas at 20° the higher heat loss occurred at the higher plane of nutrition. Energy retention depended on both temperature and feeding level, and was highest at the 52 g feeding level at 8°.3. N retention was not influenced by environmental temperature but varied with plane of nutrition (correlation coefficient = 0·94), the increase being 9·98 (± 0·8) mg N per g food increase. The correlation coefficient between N retention and body-weight gain was also 0·94; body-weight gain was correlated with N retention rather than with fat deposition. Fat gain was reduced at the lower feeding levels and at the lower environmental temperature at the feeding level of 45 g/kg.4. The partial efficiency of energy retention at 20° was 66·5%. From this efficiency the maintenance requirement (at zero energy retention) at 20° was calculated to be 418 kJ/kg0·75. At 8° the partial efficiency of energy retention was 99·4%.

scholarly journals Secretory Defense Response in the Bird’s Gastro-Intestinal Tract and Nutritional Strategies to Modulate It

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis-Miguel Gomez-Osorio ◽  
Zhengyu Jiang ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Hui Yan ◽  
Ana-Maria Villegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

The Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a very complex environment which converges a lot of players including nutrients, microorganisms, pathogens, cells, and peptides which determine the type of outcome against threats affecting feed efficiency and body weight gain. Traditionally, GIT is examined as a selective barrier which permit or deny the entrance of molecules, but beyond of that, it is a crucial place to produce important proteins for the host which, at least in part, determine the outcome for a threat such as microorganisms, toxins, anti-nutritional factors, among others. During the non-antibiotic promotants time, there is a necessity to understand how this system works and how we can modulate through nutrition, in part to take advantage of this, and support a better immune response and nutrient absorption in challenged poultry environments. The goal of this chapter is to review the different mechanism of immunity in the GIT emphasizing on secretory defense response and the nutritional strategies including fiber and fatty acids to improve it.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding diets containing Fusarium (naturally) contaminated wheat or pure deoxynivalenol (DON) in growing pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Trenholm ◽  
B. K. Thompson ◽  
B. C. Foster ◽  
L. L. Charmley ◽  
K. E. Hartin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Feeding Diets

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding diets containing laboratory synthesized deoxynivalenol (DON), or Fusarium (naturally) contaminated wheat containing DON on performance and health of young pigs (32.8–41.1 kg body weight). Diets containing 3.4–19.1 mg DON kg−1 were fed to pigs ad libitum for 14 d (exps. 1 and 2) or 7 wk (exp. 3) after which time each pig was slaughtered and blood, tissue and organ samples taken for analysis. All pigs responded to DON-contaminated diets with an immediate reduction in feed intake and body weight gain followed by some degree of recovery that was dependent on the dietary DON concentration. Negative linear relationships were found between feed intake or body weight gain and dietary DON concentration with pure DON and naturally contaminated wheat diets. Feed intake and weight gain were, respectively, 18 and 23% lower when a diet containing naturally contaminated wheat was fed compared to a diet containing an equivalent concentration of pure DON. Effects of DON on organ weights, relative to body weight, were inconsistent among experiments. The gastric mucosa was thinner and more eroded and had a higher degree of folding in the esophageal region in most groups fed DON-contaminated diets compared to those fed the control diet. Effects of DON on the fundic and cardiac regions of the stomach were inconsistent among treatments and experiments. There was little or no effect of DON on most of the blood parameters measured. Key words: Pure deoxynivalenol, naturally contaminated wheat, swine, intake, gain, vomitoxin, mycotoxin, fusarium, trichothecene

Effect of rejected Eucheuma cottonii level in complete feed on nutrient intake and digestion, blood metabolites, and body weight gain of early weaning Bali calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
◽  
T. T. Nikolaus ◽  
I. G. N. Jelantik ◽  
I. Benu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Eucheuma Cottonii ◽  
Linear Body

Effect of rejected Eucheuma cottonii level in complete feed on nutrient intake and digestion, blood metabolites, and body weight gain of early weaned Bali calves was studied. Twelve Bali calves aged 4 months with average early body weight 40 kg and standard error 1.3 kg were used in this experiment. Completely randomized design was applied with four treatments and three replications. The treatments were CT0 (complete feed without Eucheuma cottonii, CT5 (complete feed plus Eucheuma cottonii 5%), CT10 (complete feed plus Eucheuma cottonii 10%), and CT15 (complete feed plus Eucheuma cottonii 15%). The results on nutrient intake indicated that there were no significantly differences (p>0.05) among treatments by Bali calves. There were also no significant differences (p>0.05) of treatments on crude protein and fiber digestibility, however, digestibility of DM, OM, EE, and NFE were same among 5, 10, and 15 % level of rejected E. cottonii in complete feed. There were significantly different (p<0.05) of treatments on blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K of Bali calves. Providing rejected E. cottonii 15% in the complete feed produced generally the highest blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K of Bali calves. There were no significantly different (p>0.05) of treatments on body weight gain and body linear measures of Bali calves. It was concluded that 1) dry matter and other nutrient intake were the same between early weaned Bali calves consumed complete feed with or without rejected E. cottonii, 2) digestibility of DM, OM, EE, and NFE of complete feed differed among treatments. The lowest digestibility of DM, OM, EE, and NFE were at early weaned Bali calves consumed complete feed without rejected E. cottonii. Digestibility of CP and CF were same among early weaned Bali calves consumed both with and without rejected E. cottonii, 3) blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K concentration differed among treatments. The lowest blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K concentration were at early weaned Bali calves consumed complete feed without rejected E. cottonii. The highest blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K concentration were general at early weaned Bali calves consumed complete feed with 15% rejected E. cottonii, 4) daily body weight gain and linear body measures were same among early weaned Bali calves consumed both with or without rejected E. cottonii.

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