scholarly journals Effectiveness of Catching Free Radicals in Cigarette Smoke with Biofilters Made from Bidara Leaf Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Mulyono ◽  
Wiwis Sasmitaninghidayah
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Diameter Pipe ◽  
Powder Filler ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Scanning Electron

<p class="JIPIAbstrakKeywords">A number of diseases have been stigmatized as a side effect of smoking and its smoke. Reducing the dangers of smoking by capturing radioactive substances from cigarette smoke is one way to reduce or reduce the level of danger. This study aims to make a filter made from bidara leaf powder to bind free radicals in cigarette smoke. Bidara leaf powder with PEG solution was mixed and stirred until homogeneous with variations in the mass of bidara powder 0.7 grams, 0.8 grams, 0.8 grams, 0.9 grams and 1 gram. The product was molded with a 0.7 cm diameter pipe hose, allowed to dry before being removed from the mold, and heated at a temperature of 105<sup>o</sup> C for 20 minutes. Biofilter matrix using polyethylene glycol (PEG) and egg white, bidara leaf powder as a biofilter filler. The physical characteristics of the membrane were obtained by conducting density and porosity tests with SEM. The effectiveness of the biofilter membrane is known by passing cigarette smoke, then the number of free radicals trapped in the biofilter is analyzed using ESR. The results showed that the use of a biofilter made from bidara leaf powder with a mass of 0.9 grams with an egg white matrix was able to bind 85.7% of free radicals (C, O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>, C, Peroxy, CO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>, and Hydroperoxides) with 100% effectiveness, density. 0.893 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and porosity 0.6788%. Testing the characteristics of the biofilter with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) shows the size of the biofilter pores between 2-3 m, while the size of free radicals in cigarette smoke ranges from 20-430 nm. This indicates that the ability to bind free radicals in cigarette smoke is influenced by the antioxidant activity of bidara leaf powder (filler biofilter).</p>

scholarly journals Oral Leukoplakia and Costochondral Hyperplasia Induced by Diethylnitrosamine in Hamsters Exposed to Cigarette Smoke with or without Dietary Vitamin C

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Harada ◽  
A. Enomoto ◽  
T. Kitazawa ◽  
K. Maita ◽  
Y. Shirasu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Costal Cartilage ◽  
Oral Leukoplakia ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Scanning Electron

Male Syrian golden hamsters receiving 12 weekly subcutaneous injections of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) were subjected to cigarette smoke inhalation and fed a diet with or without 1% vitamin C supplement for a period of 58 weeks. Another group was a sham-smoked control and was not fed vitamin C. Tissues of the oral cavity and costal cartilage were examined by light and/or scanning electron microscopy. Oral leukoplakia and costochondral hyperplasia occurred with high frequency in all groups treated with DEN. Leukoplakic lesions were found in the palate, tongue, and pharynx; the early change was focal erosion with mild epithelial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration. Advanced lesions had marked mucosal thickening due to acanthosis, parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, and submucosal infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Precancerous lesions were noted in tongue and pharynx. Scanning electron microscopy of tongues revealed destruction of filiform papillae. The incidence of leukoplakic lesions was higher in smoke-exposed hamsters than in controls, but the incidence in vitamin C-supplemented hamsters was low when compared with the smoke-exposed hamsters without vitamin C. Costochondral hyperplasia was initiated by thickening of the perichondrium followed by proliferation of chondrocytes. Costochondral hyperplasia appeared earlier, and the incidence was higher in the vitamin C-supplemented hamsters. It could not be determined whether costochondral hyperplasia was the primary lesion induced by DEN or secondary change.

scholarly journals Effect of Fermentation on Structural Characteristics and Bioactive Compounds of Bee-Pollen Based Food

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Zuluaga-Dominguez ◽  
Marta Quicazan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Bioactive Potential ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractBee-pollen is a product of the hive which has had a growth in consumption in recent years due to the recognition of its nutritional and bioactive potential. However, several reports have shown that the external structure of the grain limits the absorption of nutrients in the human gastrointestinal tract. A structural modification could be achieved through fermentative processes, favoring the release of compounds found inside this food, in addition to obtaining a product with potential probiotic characteristics. The objective of this work was to evaluate how fermentation through the inclusion of yeasts of the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacteria of species Lactobacillus plantarum or a commercial culture Choozit® affeccted such parameters as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. The results found that the use of consortia between yeast and lactic acid bacteria significantly increased in such characteristics as total phenolics and antioxidant activity by 31% and 39% respectively. The analysis by DSC showed an increase in the heat flow of the fermented products compared to fresh bee-pollen, which could indicate structural modification caused by the activity of microorganisms, a fact made visible through micrographs obtained by Scanning Electron Microscopy.

scholarly journals Soft nitrogen and sulfur incorporated into enzymatic hydrolysis lignin as an environmentally friendly antioxidant and mercury adsorbent

BioResources ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 7341-7348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Xin Huang ◽  
Yu-Hua Zhang ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Ge ◽  
Li Qin ◽  
Zhi-Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Hydrolysis Lignin ◽  
Strong Electron ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Scanning Electron

Soft donors of nitrogen and sulfur were incorporated into enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL-NS) to make it suitable for multiple applications. Characterizations of the environmentally friendly material by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the layered porous structure with nitrogen and sulfur groups. It exhibited high antioxidant activity due to the strong electron-donating capability of the soft donors. Moreover, the soft donors also contributed to the chemical complexation of Hg(II) with EHL-NS, which distinctly enhanced the adsorption of Hg(II) in water (Qe=180 mg/g, 25 °C). Given that the free radicals were highly effective at scavenging and adsorption, the functionalized enzymatic hydrolysis lignin is expected to serve a useful role.

scholarly journals Microencapsulation of guava pulp using prebiotic wall material

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Chaves Rivas ◽  
Lourdes Maria Correa Cabral ◽  
Maria Helena Miguez da Rocha-Leão
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Important functional compounds present in fruits are often lost in technological processes and during storage. Microencapsulation technique allows maintaining the compounds of interest and adding value to the product using functional encapsulating materials. This work aimed to produce microencapsulated guava pulp using the spray-drying technique and a functional encapsulant material, i.e., a mix of inulin and maltodextrin. The guava pulp was analyzed for centesimal composition, carotenoid content, and antioxidant activity. The microspheres were analyzed for retention of carotenoids, antioxidant activity over time, and morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction. Two proportions of coating material could maintain the antioxidant activity of guava pulp. The microencapsulation with a higher percentage of inulin is a preferred option due to the good results of retention and stability regarding antioxidant activity over time, relevant retention of the carotenoid content, and a more stable microstructure. In addition, inulin can add value to powders owing to its inherent functional properties. The product obtained in the study is innovative and interesting, as well as may provide a capable use of these materials as encapsulated agents. In fact, it can be considered a potential functional ingredient.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF PHYCOCYANIN MICROCAPSULES USING MALTODEXTRIN AND CARRAGEENAN AS COATING MATERIALS

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (4-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Nurcahya Dewi ◽  
Lukita Purnamayati ◽  
Retno Ayu Kurniasih
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Coating Material ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Scanning Electron

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activities of phycocyanin microcapsules from Spirulina sp. using maltodextrin (MD) and carrageenan (C) as coating materials. Microcapsules were prepared with five different variations concentration of carrageenan in maltodextrin i.e. 0 %; 0.25 %; 0.5 %; 0.75 %, and 1.0 % (w/w). Results indicated that microcapsule with C 1.0 % of phycocyanin showed higher value in parameters evaluated, i.e. encapsulation yield (12.89 ± 0.289) %, moisture content (8.36 ± 0.059) %, phycocyanin content (2.83 ± 0.072) % and antioxidant activity (49.05 ± 1.017) %. The results of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) microstructures showed that microcapsules with only maltodextrin (C 0 %) as coating material were cracked. It was found that all of microparticles had irregular spherical appearances and various sizes, but the carrageenan had flake appearances.

Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Tongue, Pharynx, and Larynx of Rats Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Helena Garcia Martins ◽  
Tatiana Maria Goncalves ◽  
Sergio Luis Madeira ◽  
Norimar Hernandes Dias ◽  
Graziela de Oliveira Semenzati
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pathogenesis of Human Hair Defects

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
P.S. Porter ◽  
T. Aoyagi ◽  
R. Matta
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

Using standard techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), over 1000 human hair defects have been studied. In several of the defects, the pathogenesis of the abnormality has been clarified using these techniques. It is the purpose of this paper to present several distinct morphologic abnormalities of hair and to discuss their pathogenesis as elucidated through techniques of scanning electron microscopy.

Ultrastructural Analysis of the Salivary Glands of Gromphadorhina Portentosa (Schaum)

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
P.J. Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Means Of Transmission ◽  
Gromphadorhina Portentosa ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Topographical Relief

The structure of insect salivary glands has been extensively investigated during the past decade; however, none have attempted scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in ultrastructural examinations of these secretory organs. This study correlates fine structure by means of SEM cryofractography with that of thin-sectioned epoxy embedded material observed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Salivary glands of Gromphadorhina portentosa were excised and immediately submerged in cold (4°C) paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative1 for 2 hr, washed and post-fixed in 1 per cent 0s04 in phosphosphate buffer (4°C for 2 hr). After ethanolic dehydration half of the samples were embedded in Epon 812 for TEM and half cryofractured and subsequently critical point dried for SEM. Dried specimens were mounted on aluminum stubs and coated with approximately 150 Å of gold in a cold sputtering apparatus.Figure 1 shows a cryofractured plane through a salivary acinus revealing topographical relief of secretory vesicles.

Two- or three-way observations of the identical cell elements within the same sections by LM, TEM and/or SEM

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakazo Watari ◽  
Yasuaki Hotta ◽  
Yoshio Mabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Identical Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

It is very useful if we can observe the identical cell elements within the same sections by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and/or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) sequentially, because, the cell fine structure can not be indicated by LM, while the color is; on the other hand, the cell fine structure can be very easily observed by EM, although its color properties may not. However, there is one problem in that LM requires thick sections of over 1 μm, while EM needs very thin sections of under 100 nm. Recently, we have developed a new method to observe the same cell elements within the same plastic sections using both light and transmission (conventional or high-voltage) electron microscopes.In this paper, we have developed two new observation methods for the identical cell elements within the same sections, both plastic-embedded and paraffin-embedded, using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and/or scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 1).

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