scholarly journals Идентичность «защитник» в социальной и профессиональной практике Фриды Вигдоровой

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Elena G. Serebryakova
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
European Tradition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Behavior ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Model Formation ◽  
The 19Th Century

The object of the research is the social and professional position of the writer and journalist Frida Vigdorova, which was estimated by the Soviet li­beral intelligentsia of the 1960s—1970s as extremely valuable. Her record of the trial of I. Brodsky served as a model for the drafters of reports on the trials of dissidents — A. Ginzburg, P. Litvinov, N. Gorbanevskaya, and others. Nonconformists shared the worldview principles of Vigdorova, replicated her behavioral model in the process of protecting dissidents from persecution of the authorities, and made the “advocate” model the standard of public behavior. The article aims to identify the origins of the “advocate” behavioral model formation and to characterize the journalist’s axiology. Frida Vigdorova’s journalism and memoirs of her contemporaries served as the study material.The author asserts that Vigdorova modeled her social and professional behavior on the samples crea­ted by the Russian and European tradition. V. Korolenko’s public activities was the closest reference point. To prove this thesis, the author compares Vigdorova’s behavioral tactics in the “case of Brodsky” and Korolenko’s in the “case of Beilis”. Comments of Vigdorova’s contemporaries confirm her conscious orientation to the “advocate” behavioral model, implemented not only in the “case of Brodsky”, but also in her social practice and journalism. Vigdorova’s axiology, according to her contemporaries, included active help to people, humanism and a desire for justice.Vigdorova’s journalism is devoted to the ethics of social relations. The plot of her essays is usually based on dramatic events requiring immediate public intervention. She orients the reader to empathy and active social behavior in response. Thus, the task of forming the active participation of citizens in the fate of each other is solved; the value of compassion and mercy is established.The article concludes that the axiology and beha­vioral practices of Vigdorova included the universal values for the Russian and European tradition of the 19th century — anthropocentrism and humanism.

The Persistence of Formalism: Towards a Situated Critique beyond the Classic Separation of Powers

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose R. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Critical Legal Theory ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
General Method

Formalism persists everywhere despite 100 years of critical legal theory. The reasons for that are sociological and political and include the persistence of the separation of powers idea as a central concept for the theory of law. In Brazil, this phenomenon manifests itself acutely for two supplementary reasons: (1) the lack of a real differentiation between academic research and professional lawyering and (2) the influence of neo-liberal economic thought.The persistence of formalism is a serious problem for Brazilian development since it naturalizes the existing institutions and their related power positions, creating an obstacle to any project of development that proposes something new. It blocks the development of a critical and reflexive knowledge on institutions, shortening institutional imagination to projects that could transform Brazilian reality.The main objective of this article is to develop a critique of formalism useful both as a general method to criticize formalism and as a tool to criticize its Brazilian manifestation. It will be argued here that the critique of formalism fails when it is only theoretical. An efficient critique must also grasp the ideas and the social relations responsible to reproduce formalism as a conceptual idea that informs social practices.To do that, this article will first propose a characterization of Brazilian formalism that does not fit in the Formalism X Instrumentalism dichotomy and is more adequate to grasp how law rationality works in countries from the Continental Law tradition. Afterwards, it will identify the power positions and the respective ideologies responsible to reproduce formalism in Brazil, giving criticism a sociological basis. Finally, it will show that only a positive view of what law should be will able to overcome formalism, both as a philosophical idea and as a social practice. In its final part, a sketch of such a view will be presented.

scholarly journals Key Components of Musical Discourse Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Aleshinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
General View ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
The Social ◽  
Musical Discourse ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

Abstract Musical discourse analysis is an interdisciplinary study which is incomplete without consideration of relevant social, linguistic, psychological, visual, gestural, ritual, technical, historical and musicological aspects. In the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis, musical discourse can be interpreted as social practice: it refers to specific means of representing specific aspects of the social (musical) sphere. The article introduces a general view of contemporary musical discourse, and analyses genres from the point of ‘semiosis’, ‘social agents’, ‘social relations’, ‘social context’, and ‘text’. These components of musical discourse analysis, in their various aspects and combinations, should help thoroughly examine the context of contemporary musical art, and determine linguistic features specific to different genres of musical discourse.

scholarly journals Evaluating Innovation in European Rural Development Programmes: Application of the Social Return on Investment (SROI) Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Courtney ◽  
John Powell
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
Rural Development Programme ◽  
Social Return On Investment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Innovation Outcomes

The quest for innovation lies at the heart of European rural development policy and is integral to the Europe 2020 strategy. While social innovation has become a cornerstone of increased competitiveness and the rural situation legitimizes public intervention to encourage innovation, the challenges of its effective evaluation are compounded by the higher ‘failure’ rate implied by many traditional performance measures. Social Return on Investment (SROI) is employed to assess the social innovation outcomes arising from implementation of Axes 1 and 3 of the 2007-13 Rural Development Programme for England (RDPE). Analysis of primary data gathered through structured face-to-face interviews from a weighted sample of 196 beneficiaries reveal that social innovation outcomes generate a total of £170.02 million of benefits from Axis 1 support measures, compared to £238.1 million of benefits generated from innovation outcomes from Axis 3 measures. Benefits are generated through four social innovation outcome categories: individual, operational, relational, and system; and range from changes in attitudes and behaviour to institutional change and new ways of structuring social relations. The paper calls for more comprehensive evaluation approaches that can capture, and value, the multiple benefits arising from social innovation, and further bespoke applications of SROI to help develop and legitimise innovation indicators that will enable stronger linkages back into the policy process.

scholarly journals Overcoming Barriers in Education: Research and Social Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
David L. Konstantinovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Professional Careers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Life Path ◽  
The 1960S

The paper discusses the socio-cultural, economic, territorial, and other barriers in the educational sphere and the possibilities of overcoming them. The first part presents the results of research carried out on national empirical data from the 1960s to the present. The significant impact of barriers on the formation of educational and professional careers of young people is shown. It is noted that overcoming barriers becomes possible if the family has the resources to get over them; otherwise, children are forced to adjust their intentions by lowering their demands for education. The second part of the article analyzes the experience of several low-resource schools with students from low-status families. That schools undertake targeted efforts to help students overcome barriers. The teachers and management of these schools use special strategies for their work. Pedagogical measures are a significant part of these strategies; however, complex social conditions require a response by means of social measures. The most important is the formation of the motivation of all participants in the educational process. As a result of the school’s efforts, academic performance is improved, students’ intentions for further education are growing, their understanding of educational and professional careers, on the possibilities of social mobility are expanding. Changing orientations associated with building a life path is taking place. Examination of the experience of the social practice of these schools makes it possible to conclude: their activity manifests itself as a powerful resource that schools provides to families when they do not have the opportunity to overcome barriers. This resource can increase not only the potential of the educational organization but also the life chances of students, helping them no less effective than other types of resources are able to do it.

scholarly journals Poverty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scientific Experts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cycle Of Poverty

This paper discusses the role of social scientific expertise in the emergence of poverty as a problem and a priority for public intervention in the United States during the 1960s. That the social scientific experts defined “the poverty problem” narrowly, as a problem of individuals lacking income or otherwise caught in a “cycle of poverty,” can be understood in terms of a series of historical transformations that played out in overlapping processes of disembedding: of social science from social reform; of economic from social and political knowledge; and of poverty from the study of structured patterns and experiences of stratification and inequality. The structurally disembedded, individualized concept of poverty that emerged from these transformations presented Great Society liberal reformers with a legible problem that they could fix without recourse to major reforms. It would eventually be recast by neoliberal reformers to justify a more ideological form of disembedding that shifted the boundaries of responsibility for dealing with poverty from the social and the public to the individual and personal.

Rural settlement in the Age of Reason

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Dalglish
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Private Property ◽  
System Response ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
Age Of Reason ◽  
The Social ◽  
Material Environment ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis paper discusses the project of an archaeology of capitalism through a case study situated in the southern Scottish Highlands. It is argued that archaeology as a discipline has a significant contribution to make to discussions of the emergence and development of the social relations of capitalism. This is because archaeology has as one of its main concerns mundane social practice or routine. Changes in everyday routine and the associated material environment made the ideological aspects of capitalism, focusing on the individual and private property, conceivable for some. These changes to the everyday environment were instigated by the landlords, inspired by enlightenment thought, in order to secure their ownership of certain estates as private property, which had been in dispute under the clan system. Response of the rural population to Improvement was varied and their continuing relationship with their landlord evolved with reference to certain key structuring dispositions. The essential issue for the farming population was land rights. The major conclusion of this paper as concerns archaeologies of capitalism is that we must distinguish between capitalism (an ideology of the individual made knowable in routine practice) and capitalist societies (those societies where capitalism is widespread but not necessarily universal). This allows consideration of varied experience of and interaction with capitalism in the past.

scholarly journals Social Memory in the Light of the Study of Information Space and Time

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Rail’ Gazizov ◽  
◽  
Aydar Kayumov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The Social

This article deals with the philosophical analysis of social memory in the conditions of the development of today’s information society. In the paper, the social and intellectual cross-sections of information space and time are investigated. These cross-sections are directly related to the analysis of society’s legal consciousness, which seems to, so to say, lag behind the reflections about information space and time. The authors note that social space and time are formed through achieving the unity of information space and time. This is largely facilitated by social memory, which in its essence is a culture, and culture is connected with self-awareness. Culture as memory – historical and moral, obtained through social practice – provides the practice of material and spiritual production. Social memory acts as a kind of qualitative indicator of the state of society and contributes to the transition of information into knowledge, whose elements are characterized by the intense nature of their interaction. This intensity is explained by the fact that knowledge, unlike information, stands guard over the past, protecting it from external attempts to present anything positive that had been as something that had never happened and make it disappear in the annals of time. Philosophy is related to the analysis of the ultimate grounds of information space and time, which increases the intensity of interaction between the elements of the social system. At the same time, social memory increases the degree of interaction between existing values. It should be noted that social memory is very important for further research on the functioning of information society. It is a prerequisite for social forecasting of the development of cultural and social relations. Social memory is a way of existence of knowledge as a form of realization of human creative potential.

scholarly journals “Digital trust” vs “Distrust” in the Formation of Social Relations and Practices of Glocal Society

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-453
Author(s):  
Marina D. Martynova
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The Social

Introduction. The individual’s application of established social practices in the digital environment faces certain difficulties caused by the wide opportunities for “honest” and “dishonest” behavior on the Internet. The high level of trust in digital technologies and the possibility of manipulating personal data, the desire to rely on “expert opinion” and unreliable information, the social need for communication and the illusion of communication in social networks, as well as other dilemmas of relationships in the digital world and operating with big data create a sense of uncertainty, instability and disunity in the perception of digital reality. The purpose of the article is to identify social and ethical aspects of trust phenomenon as an attitude of consciousness, obstacles to digital trust and identify ways to develop it. Materials and Methods. The interdisciplinary approach based on ethics of information technology, sociology, and communication theory allows us to analyze the formation of new social practices and interpret the development of a person’s value attitude to new realities of life. Research result. The following areas of actualization of the concept of “trust” in the digital world are identified as trust in data and algorithms, trust in “digital subject”, “Internet of trust” as a space of obligations and rules. The formation of the “Internet of trust” is associated with awareness of all social, moral and psychological problems associated with the process of combining online and offline environments in the social practice of an individual, where new forms of applying traditional standards of behavior should be found. Discussion and Conclusion. Postponing the rational risk analysis of digital interaction by an individual “for later” provokes the creation of situations that are critical for the individual’s well-being and security. The costs of digital trust are reduced security and creation of “traps” in public relations and social practices. Digital environment creates a situation of vulnerability of an individual, which encourages him to resort to possible measures of protection. In turn, the “Internet of trust” as a new digital reality is absolutely necessary for the effective functioning and further development of society.

The Reconceptualisation of social work in Chile and Argentina: the centrality of the profession’s relationship with social struggles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Marro ◽  
María Lucia Duriguetto ◽  
Alexander Panez ◽  
Víctor Orellana
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
The Social ◽  
Current Context ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article addresses the relationship of social work with the movements and processes of popular organisation in Chile and Argentina in the context of the Latin American Reconceptualisation movement in the 1960s and 1970s. We will analyse the current context of the class struggle in these countries and the relationship that was established between social work and the social organisations and movements of the subaltern classes. Our hypothesis is that the relationship between the profession and the struggles developed by the subaltern classes, in their peculiarities in Chile and Argentina, was the central mediation for social work to question its social function in the reproduction of social relations and, as a result, erode its traditionalist and conservative bases.

Ethnography of Female Diaspora Networks: The Emerging Case of Pakistani Female Entrepreneurs in London

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Basit
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Social

The business environment of a host country reflects the complex interplay of multiple social, cultural and religious factors with the lives and work of ethnic minority women. The distinct social context of each ethnic or immigrant group determines its position in the host country. Every ethnic minority group has its unique characteristics, social and cultural conventions and resources that facilitate or constrain their entrepreneurial endeavours. As social actors, ethnic minority entrepreneurs draw support and resources from the ‘network of social relations’; hence it is the ‘social network’ that facilitates or constraints the social actors’. It is the formation and utilization of a network of relationships that shapes the entrepreneurial outcomes which are not independent of external factors. Exploration of the outcomes of the interplay of gender, ethnicity and religion shaping the personal network of Pakistani female entrepreneurs forms the focus of this article in which ethnographic inquiry is used to explore the ‘meaning and perception’ attached to social relations by Pakistani female entrepreneurs in a special ethnic and immigrant context. Gender as a ‘social practice’ influenced by religious and cultural values leads Pakistani females to maintain ‘women only networks’ and rely on kinship networks. Transition from ethnic to non-ethnic and expansion of network is the outcome of mistrust on ethnic community members.

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