The Reconceptualisation of social work in Chile and Argentina: the centrality of the profession’s relationship with social struggles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Marro ◽  
María Lucia Duriguetto ◽  
Alexander Panez ◽  
Víctor Orellana
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
The Social ◽  
Current Context ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article addresses the relationship of social work with the movements and processes of popular organisation in Chile and Argentina in the context of the Latin American Reconceptualisation movement in the 1960s and 1970s. We will analyse the current context of the class struggle in these countries and the relationship that was established between social work and the social organisations and movements of the subaltern classes. Our hypothesis is that the relationship between the profession and the struggles developed by the subaltern classes, in their peculiarities in Chile and Argentina, was the central mediation for social work to question its social function in the reproduction of social relations and, as a result, erode its traditionalist and conservative bases.

STAGES IN SOCIAL POLICY DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
Venelin Terziev ◽  
Preslava Dimitrova
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
National Society ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The social policy of a country is a set of specific activities aimed at regulating the social relations between different in their social status subjects. This approach to clarifying social policy is also called functional and essentially addresses social policy as an activity to regulate the relationship of equality or inequality in society. It provides an opportunity to look for inequalities in the economic positions of individuals in relation to ownership, labor and working conditions, distribution of income and consumption, social security and health, to look for the sources of these inequalities and their social justification or undue application.The modern state takes on social functions that seek to regulate imbalances, to protect weak social positions and prevent the disintegration of the social system. It regulates the processes in society by harmonizing interests and opposing marginalization. Every modern country develops social activities that reflect the specifics of a particular society, correspond to its economic, political and cultural status. They are the result of political decisions aimed at directing and regulating the process of adaptation of the national society to the transformations of the market environment. Social policy is at the heart of the development and governance of each country. Despite the fact that too many factors and problems affect it, it largely determines the physical and mental state of the population as well as the relationships and interrelationships between people. On the other hand, social policy allows for a more global study and solving of vital social problems of civil society. On the basis of the programs and actions of political parties and state bodies, the guidelines for the development of society are outlined. Social policy should be seen as an activity to regulate the relationship of equality or inequality between different individuals and social groups in society. Its importance is determined by the possibility of establishing on the basis of the complex approach: the economic positions of the different social groups and individuals, by determining the differences between them in terms of income, consumption, working conditions, health, etc .; to explain the causes of inequality; to look for concrete and specific measures to overcome the emerging social disparities.

scholarly journals Takis Zenetos’s Electronic Urbanism and Tele-Activities: Minimizing Transportation as Social Aspiration

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Marianna Charitonidou
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Home Office ◽  
The Social ◽  
Residential Units ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Takis Zenetos was enthusiastic about the idea of working from home, and believed that both architecture and urban planning should be reshaped in order to respond to this. He supported the design of special public spaces in residential units, aiming to accommodate the inhabitants during working hours. This article argues that Zenetos’s design for “Electronic Urbanism” was more prophetic, and more pragmatic, than his peers such as Archigram and Constant Nieuwenhuys. Despite the fact that they shared an optimism towards technological developments and megastructure, a main difference between Zenetos’s view and the perspectives of his peers is his rejection of a generalised enthusiasm concerning increasing mobility of people. In opposition with Archigram, Zenetos insisted in minimizing citizens’ mobility and supported the replacement of daily transport with the use advanced information technologies, using terms such as “tele-activity”. Zenetos was convinced that “Electronic Urbanism” would help citizens save the time that they normally used to commute to work, and would allow them to spend this time on more creative activities, at or near their homes. The main interest of “Electronic Urbanism” lies in the fact that it not only constitutes an artistic contribution to experimental architecture, but is also characterized by a new social vision, promising to resynchronize practices of daily life. An aspect that is also examined is the relationship of Zenetos’s ideas and those of the so-called Metabolists in the 1960s in Japan, including Kenzo Tange’s conception of megastructures. Zenetos’s thought is very topical considering the ongoing debates about the advanced information society, especially regarding the social concerns of surveillance, governance, and sovereignty within the context of Big Data. His conception of “tele-activities” provides a fertile terrain for reflecting on potential implications and insights concerning home-office conditions not only within the context of the current pandemic situation but beyond it as well.

O początkach wychowania seksualnego w Polsce i kontestacji młodzieżowej na Zachodzie – zapis ostatniego wywiadu z Profesorem Andrzejem Jaczewskim

2021 ◽  
pp. 188-205
Author(s):  
Julia Stępniewska ◽  
Piotr Zańko ◽  
Adam Fijałkowski
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Auxiliary Function ◽  
Sexual Revolution ◽  
Sexual Education ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

In this text, we ask about the relationship between sexual education in Poland in the 1960s and 1970s with the cultural contestation and the moral (including sexual) revolution in the West as seen through the eyes of Prof. Andrzej Jaczewski (1929–2020) – educationalist, who for many years in 1970s and 1980s conducted seminars at the University of Cologne, pediatrician, sexologist, one of the pioneers of sexual education in Poland. The movie “Sztuka kochania. Historia Michaliny Wisłockiej” (“The Art of Love. The Story of Michalina Wisłocka” [1921–2005]), directed in 2017 by Maria Sadowska, was the impulse for our interview. After watching it, we discovered that the counter-cultural background of the West in the 1960s and 1970s was completely absent both in the aforementioned film and in the discourse of Polish sex education at that time. Moreover, Andrzej Jaczewski’s statement (July 2020) indicates that the Polish concept of sexual education in the 1960s and 1970s did not arise under the influence of the social and moral revolution in the West at the same time, and its originality lay in the fact that it was dealt with by professional doctors-specialists. We put Andrzej Jaczewski’s voice in the spotlight. Our voice is usually muted in this text, it is more of an auxiliary function (Chase, 2009). Each of the readers may impose their own interpretative filter on the story presented here.

Working time in the new social and economic context

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Yves Boulin
Keyword(s):  
New Economy ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Social Time ◽  
The Social ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Time Structures ◽  
New Forms Of Work ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article sets out to show that in the current context of the new economy working time can no longer be viewed in isolation from other forms of social time; even less can it be seen in a relationship of pure determinism to the latter. After a retrospective analysis of the social construction of the interrelationship between work and non-work, the article shows that flexibility linked to the introduction of new forms of work and working time organisation, as well as changes in the content and the nature of work, lead to a corresponding demand by employees for control over their working time structures and to the search for a balance among the various forms of social time. This approach gives rise to an analysis of the provisions which in different European countries are designed to give workers the power to alter their working time and its organisation. It is shown, finally, that it cannot be simply a question of regulating working time but that there is a need also to develop policies of a more comprehensive nature based on the interplay between different social times and the relationship between time and space.

scholarly journals Intragenerational Variations in Autobiographical Memory: China’s “Sent-Down Youth” Generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Political Class ◽  
The Social ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between generation and memory instantiates a theme central to sociology: the intersection between history and biography. This study addresses two gaps in the literature. First, whereas the dominant approach uses a cognitive concept of memory operationalized as naming events, I focus on autobiographical memory represented in life stories, in which members of a generation understand the meanings of their personal past as part of a historical event. Second, whereas the dominant approach stresses intergenerational differences of memory, I draw on a Bourdieu-Mannheim theoretical framework to use class—including class positions and habitus—to describe and explain intragenerational differences in autobiographical memory. The two theoretical goals are achieved through theorizing an important case: the autobiographical memories of China’s “sent-down youth” generation, the 17 million youths ( zhiqing) sent by the state to the countryside in the 1960s and 1970s. Drawing on a qualitative and quantitative analysis of life-history interviews with 87 former zhiqing, I describe how this generation reconciles two components of autobiographical memory: personal experience in their sent-down years and historical evaluation of the send-down program. Respondents’ present class positions shape their memory of the personal experience, whereas their political habitus formed in the political-class system in the Mao years molds their historical evaluations of the program. Their habitus may change as a response to the social transformation in recent decades. This article not only contributes to our understanding of generational memory but also brings class back into the field.

Women and crime: Buenos Aires, 1757–97

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Migden Socolow
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Spanish Society ◽  
Latin American History ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Mechanism ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

Crime reflects social values, for it indicates what is viewed as abnormal or deviant behavior (and conversely what is acceptable behavior), and the degree to which that behavior is abhorrent to society in general. In addition to reflecting general values, crime as it involves one racial, sexual or social group can shed light on the attitude of the ruling elite toward a specific group, and the social position of that group within a larger context. Lastly, crime reflects class and power relations by allowing us to study the relationship of the criminal to the victim and their relationship to the legal mechanism. The study of crime as a valid field for historical research has been well explored by European historians but, within the field of Latin American history, it is relatively new.1 It is, nevertheless, an area deserving of study in our attempt to understand more fully colonial Spanish society.

scholarly journals Property as an economic category

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Yaroslav HROMOVYI
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. Property is a multifaceted phenomenon, so that, even within one science, there is no general concept that would reflect its meaning. At the same time, we are of the opinion that the most important aspects of property for modern society are economic and legal, despite the fact that property, first of all, was considered as a philosophical category. In scientific sources, the commonality of features that characterize the property on the legal side (possession, use and disposal), is called the legal (legal) category, and economic (the desire to own goods (both tangible and intangible), the relationship between owners, owner and direct producer of goods (subject-subject relations)) - economic category. The purpose of the paper is to consider the essence of property as an economic category. Results. Analyzing the category of «property» from an economic point of view, we can identify its basic basis: the relationship of different owners with each other, as well as owners and direct producers of goods. In the «owner – owner» relationship, we observe the economic process of exchange of goods. At the same time, the owner-non-owner relationship is non-economic, so it is not the subject of economists' research. The relationship between different owners, as well as owners and direct producers of goods is the material basis of our society. Conclusion. Property as an economic category is characterized by: first, the result of the manifestation of the subject of his will - the desire to own the goods of the world; secondly, goods both material and non-material; third, the social relations and interrelationships of the owners among themselves, as well as the owners and direct producers of goods.

scholarly journals Social normativity: public relations principle of morality and law

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
I A Katsapova
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Normative Structure ◽  
Social Standard ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article analyses the actual problem of identifying the normative structure of the system of social relations. The author examines the social standard through the prism of the relationship of law and morality in public space. Justified the distinction between social and legal nomativnostyu. And specifies the types of social relations, and also reveals the meaning of the principle of institutional and interpersonal communication.

scholarly journals “Desalambrando” histórias: o Serviço Social e as lutas sociais no Chile (1970-1973)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Panez Pinto ◽  
Kátia Marro ◽  
Maria Lúcia Duriguetto ◽  
Paula Vidal Molina ◽  
Victor Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Trabajo Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Popular Unity

Resumo – No Chile, o Serviço Social, no período da Reconceituação, apresentou fortes mudanças nos seus fundamentos teórico-metodológicos e ético-políticos, mudanças que estavam sintonizadas com o cenário político de alta efervescência da luta de classes. Na virada da década de 1960 à década de 1970, as forças organizativas da classe trabalhadora – partidos e movimentos sociais de esquerda – levaram o Chile a ser o primeiro país no mundo em que uma coalizão com um programa de construção do socialismo conquistou o governo pela via eleitoral. Neste cenário, o Serviço Social chileno estabeleceu relações e posicionamentos, produzindo uma rica reflexão de docentes, discentes e profissionais em relação à formação profissional e às ações interventivas. Neste artigo, explicitaremos reflexões iniciais da conjuntura chilena do governo da Unidade Popular (UP) e as relações do Serviço Social com as organizações e movimentos sociais, as quais serão evidenciadas pela análise dos Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso (TCCs)[1] e dos artigos da Revista de Trabajo Social da PUC. Palavras-Chave: Unidade Popular; Serviço Social; Reconceituação; lutas sociais; Chile.  Abstract–Social work in Chile during the Reconceptualization period presented deep changes, in a context of high social effervescence. At the turn of the 1960s to the 1970s, the consolidation of the working class and left-wing parties led Chile to become the first country in the world to conquerthe government by electoral means, with a program building towards socialism. In a context of intensification of social struggles, Chilean social work established relationships and stances, producing a rich reflection of teachers, students, and professionals in relation to professional training and intervention. This article is the first delivery of results of an ongoing research that reviews the relationship of Social Service with social movements and struggles based on the analysis of final papers for graduation and articles fromRevista de Trabajo Social, from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Keywords: popular unity; Social Service;reconceptualization;social struggles; Chile. [1]A pesquisa nos TCCs da Universidad de Chile teve a colaboração dos discentes de Trabajo Social: Ismael Quinteros, Denisse Carvajal, Ankari Canales e Javiera Ramírez.

scholarly journals Assemblage Theory and Town Foundation in Medieval England

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Jervis
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Assemblage Theory ◽  
Southern England ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Character ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

It is proposed that our understanding of medieval town foundation is limited by a failure to appreciate that ‘town’ is a relational category. It is argued that urban character emerges from social relations, with some sets of social relationship revealing urbanity and others not, as places develop along distinctive, but related, trajectories. This argument is developed through the application of assemblage theory to the development of towns in thirteenth-century southern England. The outcome is a proposal that, by focusing on the social relations through which towns are revealed as a distinctive category of place, we can better comprehend why and how towns mattered in medieval society and develop a greater understanding of the relationship of urbanization to other social processes such as commercialization and associated changes in the countryside.

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