scholarly journals HEPATITIS E VIRUS MONITORING RESULTS AND ITS LABORATORY SCREENING ALGORITHM

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-173
Author(s):  
T. V. Amvrosieva ◽  
◽  
N. V. Paklonskaya ◽  
Y. B. Kaltunova ◽  
I. V. Belskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kidney Recipients ◽  
Laboratory Screening ◽  
Virus Rna

Background. Individual cases of viral hepatitis E are recorded in the Republic of Belarus annually indicating the need for the pathogen monitoring at both the population and reservoir levels. Objective. To consolidate the monitoring data on hepatitis E virus over the period of 2018 - 2021, as well as to work out an effective algorithm for its laboratory screening. Material and methods. As part of the study, 345 samples were analyzed, including 227 human biological samples, 37 samples of biological materials of domestic pigs, 22 samples of food and 59 samples of waste water. Results. According to the results of serum diagnostics, in the group of kidney recipients (n = 29), the detection rate of IgM and IgG to hepatitis E virus was 6.9% [0.85%; 23.03%] and 17.2% [7.13%; 35, 02%] respectively; in the group of patients with pregnancy pathology (n = 44) - 6.8% [1.68%; 18.89%] and 11.4% [4.5%; 24.43%] respectively. In patients with acute hepatitis of unknown etiology (n = 26), antiviral IgM was not detected, while the frequency of antiviral IgG detection reached 7.7% [1.02%; 25.26]. In control group (blood donors, n = 53) IgM and IgG were detected in 1.9% [0.6%; 10.88%] and 5.7% [1.35%; 15.97] of those examined respectively. Hepatitis E virus RNA was detected in 8 human biological samples (3.8%) from kidney recipients. The identified hepatitis E viruses were represented by genotype GIII and belonged to a previously unidentified subgenotype (GIIIa - GIIIi). In the studied samples of biological material from pigs, as well as in samples of food and waste water, hepatitis E virus RNA was not detected. Conclusions. An algorithm for hepatitis E virus laboratory screening has been developed and tested. Its section concerning the diagnosis of viral hepatitis E is set out in the Instructions for use "Algorithm for laboratory diagnosis of viral hepatitis E" (No. 148-1220 from January 28, 2021).

scholarly journals Feto-Maternal Outcomes of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Pregnancy of Bangladeshi women.

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabeya Sultana ◽  
Sharmin Rozhana ◽  
Shahina Tabassum ◽  
Saif Ullah Munshi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Outcomes ◽  
Intrauterine Death ◽  
Maternal Complications

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is responsible for more than half of acute viral hepatitis (AHV) with high feto-maternal complications. Bangladesh has high prevalence of HEV infection among pregnant women. This study was undertaken to observe fetal -maternal outcome of HEV infection in Bangladeshi pregnant women . For this purpose a total of 56 pregnant women with AVH were enrolled from two tertiary care hospitals of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Blood samples were collected and tested for HEV Ig-M, HBsAg and Anti HCV. Thirty one pregnant women were tested positive for HEV Ig-M, acted as case and rest 25 women had viral hepatitis other than HEV, acted as control group (non-HEV). Among the HEV infected pregnant women, 38.7% of the patients (12/31) were aged between 21-25 years with mean age of 23.7 + SD 4.5 years. Twelve (39%) AVH-E patient died due to fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), hepatic encephalopathy (HFE) and multiorgan dysfunction. Maternal mortality due to HEV was greater [ (RR), 9.6; 95% CI, 1.3 to 69.5] in HEV infected women than in non- HEV infected women and it was higher in 2nd trimester (55.5%) then the 1st and 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Babies born to pregnant women with acute Hepatitis due to HEV (AHV-E) were more likely to have intrauterine death (RR 18.68; p = 0.03) and preterm delivery (RR 7.25; p = 0.05) than the non-HEV infected pregnant women. Only 23% (7/31) babies reached up to term maturity. In conclusion, his study reveals that comparing with non-HEV infection, pregnant women with AHV-E infection causes worse feto-maternal outcomes especially in the second trimester of pregnancy which needs special attention of healthcare providers to reduce bad obstetric outcome in HEV endemic countries.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2015; 9 (2): 3-6

scholarly journals Hepatitis E Virus RNA Presence in Wild Boar Carcasses at Slaughterhouses in Italy

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1624
Author(s):  
Mario Forzan ◽  
Maria Irene Pacini ◽  
Marcello Periccioli ◽  
Maurizio Mazzei
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
The World ◽  
Undercooked Meat

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a waterborne and foodborne pathogen largely spread around the world. HEV is responsible for acute hepatitis in humans and it is also diffused in domestic and wild animals. In particular, domestic pigs represent the main reservoir of the infection and particular attention should be paid to the consumption of raw and undercooked meat as a possible zoonotic vehicle of the pathogen. Several studies have reported the presence of HEV in wild boar circulating in European countries with similar prevalence rates. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of HEV in wild boar hunted in specific areas of Tuscany. Sampling was performed by collecting liver samples and also by swabbing the carcasses at the slaughterhouses following hunting activities. Our data indicated that 8/67 (12%) of liver samples and 4/67 (6%) of swabs were positive for HEV RNA. The presence of HEV genome on swabs indicates the possible cross-contamination of carcass surfaces during slaughtering procedures. Altogether, our data indicated that it is essential to promote health education programmes for hunters and consumers to limit the diffusion of the pathogen to humans.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E Virus RNA‐Dependent RNA Polymerase is Involved in RNA Replication and Infectious Particle Production

Hepatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noémie Oechslin ◽  
Nathalie Da Silva ◽  
Dagmara Szkolnicka ◽  
François‐Xavier Cantrelle ◽  
Xavier Hanoulle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Particle Production ◽  
Rna Replication ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Infectious Particle ◽  
Virus Rna

Viral Hepatitis Other than A, B, or C

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeem Anwar ◽  
Kenneth E. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Hepatitis D Virus ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Key Words Hepatitis

Viral hepatitis is a global, although variably distributed, health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Infection with a hepatitis virus leads to acute inflammation and liver cell damage (hepatocyte injury). Such infection may be symptomatic or subclinical and may result in disease resolution, death from fulminant hepatic failure, or development of  a chronic disease state. Whereas the chronic infection with hepatitis B and C accounts for a global burden of more than 500,000,000 cases, the global death rate from all types of hepatitis is approximately 1 million people annually. This review focuses on the virology, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis D and hepatitis E, as well as other viruses associated with hepatitis. Figures show the global distribution of hepatitis D infection, elevation of anti–hepatitis D virus antibodies in hepatitis B/hepatitis D virus coinfection, geographic distribution of hepatitis E virus by genotype, factors significant in the pathogenesis of hepatitis E, and pattern of antibody elevation in hepatitis E. The table lists proposed diagnostic criteria for hepatitis E virus. This review contains 5 highly rendered figures, 1 table, and 42 references. Key words: hepatitis D, hepatitis D virus, hepatitis E, hepatitis E virus, non-A hepatitis, non-B hepatitis, non-C hepatitis, viral hepatitis 

scholarly journals Viral hepatitis E: A disease of humans and animals

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 449-462
Author(s):  
Branislav Kureljusic ◽  
Vojin Ivetic ◽  
Bozidar Savic ◽  
Jasna Kureljusic ◽  
Nemanja Jezdimirovic
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
The Usa

The hepatitis E virus is ubiquitous in all parts of the world where pig production exists. The infection occurs in several animal species and its course is mostly asymptomatic. Viral strains isolated from pigs and humans are genetically similar, which indicates a potential zoonotic nature of the disease, and the possibility that pigs, and perhaps also other species of animals diseased with viral hepatitis E are a source of infection to humans. The pig hepatitis E virus, which is similar to the hepatitis E virus in humans, was isolated and described for the first time in the USA in 1997. The infection of pigs with hepatitis E virus occurs through faeco-oral transmission, by ingestion of feed and water contaminated with the virus, or through direct contact between infected and healthy animals. The pathogenesis of this infection in pigs differs from its pathogenesis in humans and it has not been sufficiently examined in all its aspects. Even though viral hepatitis E in pigs has been described as a subclinical disease, some authors describe changes in the concentration of certain biochemical parameters in blood serum of the infected pigs. Histologically, a mild to moderate lymphotic-plasma cellular infiltration is observed in livers of infected pigs, as well as focal areas of hepatocyte necrosis. Viral hepatitis E is an endemic disease of humans in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. In developed countries, hepatitis E sporadically occurs in humans, but it is becoming of increasing importance in particular in Japan, North America, and Europe, because the populations of these areas travel extensively to the endemic regions or as a result of the consumption of thermally untreated meat of wild boar and products made from thermally untreated meat. Pork products can be contaminated with hepatitis E virus. Further proof that indicates the zoonotic potential of this virus and places this diseases among the group of professional diseases of farmers and veterinarians is the finding of antibodies to hepatitis E virus in farmers and veterinarians who work on pig farms without showing any clinical signs of the disease. Having in mind the fact that viral hepatitis E has been proven in pig farms in Serbia and neighboruign countries, there should be strict respect of biosecutiry measures from the episootiological and epidemiological aspects, and the principle of good production and hygiene practice should be adhered to on pig farms. This disease should in future also be included in the legal regulations of our country in order to ensure the production of products of animal origin that are safe from the aspect of hygiene.

scholarly journals Beyond the Usual Suspects: Hepatitis E Virus and Its Implications in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5867
Author(s):  
Mara Klöhn ◽  
Jil Alexandra Schrader ◽  
Yannick Brüggemann ◽  
Daniel Todt ◽  
Eike Steinmann
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Clinical Spectrum ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Liver Infection

Hepatitis E virus infections are the leading cause of viral hepatitis in humans, contributing to an estimated 3.3 million symptomatic cases and almost 44,000 deaths annually. Recently, HEV infections have been found to result in chronic liver infection and cirrhosis in severely immunocompromised patients, suggesting the possibility of HEV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. While HEV-associated formation of HCC has rarely been reported, the expansion of HEV’s clinical spectrum and the increasing evidence of chronic HEV infections raise questions about the connection between HEV and HCC. The present review summarizes current clinical evidence of the relationship between HEV and HCC and discusses mechanisms of virus-induced HCC development with regard to HEV pathogenesis. We further elucidate why the development of HEV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma has so rarely been observed and provide an outlook on possible experimental set-ups to study the relationship between HEV and HCC formation.

scholarly journals Case report: Acute Hepatitis E Infection with Co-Existent Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitabh Monga ◽  
Ravinder PS Makkar ◽  
Anju Arora ◽  
Surabhi Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Ajay K Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Dehydrogenase Deficiency ◽  
Acute Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Acute Hepatitis E ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Hepatitis E virus is one of the leading causes of acute viral hepatitis in India but usually manifests as a mild self-limiting illness. Viral hepatitis in the presence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency may be associated with complications such as severe anemia, hemolysis, renal failure, hepatic encephalopathy and even death. The incidence of G6PD deficiency in the general population of northern India is reported to be between 2.2% and 14%. Despite both hepatitis E infection and G6PD deficiency being common, their impact on patient illness has only recently been reported. The present study reports a case of severe hemolysis in a patient with G6PD deficiency and hepatitis E infection.

Viral Hepatitis Other Than A, B, or C

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeem Anwar ◽  
Kenneth E. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Hepatitis D Virus ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Key Words Hepatitis

Viral hepatitis is a global, although variably distributed, health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Infection with a hepatitis virus leads to acute inflammation and liver cell damage (hepatocyte injury). Such infection may be symptomatic or subclinical and may result in disease resolution, death from fulminant hepatic failure, or development of  a chronic disease state. Whereas the chronic infection with hepatitis B and C accounts for a global burden of more than 500,000,000 cases, the global death rate from all types of hepatitis is approximately 1 million people annually. This review focuses on the virology, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis D and hepatitis E, as well as other viruses associated with hepatitis. Figures show the global distribution of hepatitis D infection, elevation of anti–hepatitis D virus antibodies in hepatitis B/hepatitis D virus coinfection, geographic distribution of hepatitis E virus by genotype, factors significant in the pathogenesis of hepatitis E, and pattern of antibody elevation in hepatitis E. The table lists proposed diagnostic criteria for hepatitis E virus. This review contains 5 highly rendered figures, 1 table, and 42 references. Key words: hepatitis D, hepatitis D virus, hepatitis E, hepatitis E virus, non-A hepatitis, non-B hepatitis, non-C hepatitis, viral hepatitis 

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