PROBLEMS AND TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF BRANCHES OF CRIMINALISTIC TECHNOLOGY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Elyotnov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Forensic Photography ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Forensic Scientists ◽  
Further Development

The article examines the key provisions of traditional and developing branches of forensic technology as a branch of the forensic science. The article analyzes modern publications of domestic and foreign scientists dedicated to the problems of forensic technology. Discussion issues and gaps existing in the theory and practice of such branches of forensic technology as forensic photography and video recording, forensic phonoscopy, forensic traceology, forensic weapons science, forensic documentation, forensic research of substances, materials and products, forensic registration, etc. The opinions of individual forensic scientists on the resolution of controversial issues of forensic technology are given. The scientific directions that have not received at present recognition of independent branches of forensic technology are indicated. The promising areas of research in the framework of the branches of forensic technology are named, the main trends of its further development are formulated.

scholarly journals Expert prevention: concept, subject and object

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-243
Author(s):  
Nataliya Filipenko ◽  
Oleksandr Snigeryov
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Expert Theory ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
Empirical Material ◽  
Specific Expertise

This article analyzes the conceptual foundations, views and ideas on understanding the essence of expert prevention. Essence of expert prevention lies in the influence of relevant subjects on crime through the use of specific expertise. That means that subject of forensic examination of each kind and type should be attributed to the study of circumstances on the basis of which scientific, organizational and technical measures of a preventive nature can and should be developed. The empirical prerequisites for the emergence and development of forensic research have been investigated: accumulation of empirical facts in the theory of forensic science and other sciences, manifestation of integration processes. Formation of theoretical and applied foundations of private theory of expert prevention. The concept and structure of the private theory of expert prevention, its place and role in the theory of forensic science and judicial examination are considered. It is noted that the study of the current state of the theory and practice of private expert theory has allowed to establish that it has a common beginning and justification. Private theory of expert prevention as a system of interconnectedness includes: idea, principles, great empirical material, which is the cornerstone of the theory, general and specific tasks, functions and goals of the theory, etc. On the basis of the conducted analysis it is proved that the principles of a systematic approach and construction, which provide its structure, connection with the general theory of forensic examination and the general theory of criminology, a combination of theoretical and applied (practical) researches serve as a justification for the creation of a private theory of expert prevention. It is emphasized that the formation of the theory of expert prevention is the need to create this theory in order to successfully combat crime specific expertise using. The relation between the concepts of "general forensic theory" and "private theory of expert prevention" has been investigated, since ambiguity of both scientific understanding and practical application is one of the main problems that cannot be overcome in the forensic research of the phenomenon of expert prevention. appropriate conceptual categorical apparatus.

Art, Idleness and Food: The Ethics of War Communism and the Origins of Production Art, 1918–1919

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-287
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Early Production ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Soviet Ideology ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Theory Of Production

The article examines the impact of the discourses concerning idleness and food on the formation of “production art” in the socio-political context of revolutionary Petrograd. The author argues that the development of the theory and practice of this early productionism was closely related to the larger political, social and ideological processes in the city. The Futurists, who were in the epicenter of Petrograd politics during the Civil War (1918–1921), were well acquainted with both of the discourses mentioned, and they contrasted the idleness of the old art with the dedicated labor of the “artist-proletarians” whom they valued as highly as people in the “traditional” working professions. And the search for the “right to exist” became the most important goal in a starving city dominated by the ideology of radical communism. The author departs from the prevailing approach in the literature, which links the artistic thought of the Futurists to Soviet ideology in its abstract, generalized form, and instead elucidates ideological influences in order to consider the early production texts in their immediate social and political contexts. The article shows that the basic concepts of production art (“artist-proletarian,” “creative labor,” etc.) were part of the mainstream trends in the politics of “red Petrograd.” The Futurists borrowed the popular notion of the “commune” for the title of their main newspaper but also worked with the Committees of the Rural Poor and with the state institutions for procurement and distribution. They took an active part in the Fine Art Department of Narkompros (People’s Commissariat of Education). The theory of production art was created under these conditions. The individualistic protest and “aesthetic terror” of pre-revolutionary Futurism had to be reconsidered, and new state policy measures were based on them. The harsh socio-economic context of war communism prompted artists to rethink their own role in the “impending commune.” Further development of these ideas led to the Constructivist movement and strongly influenced the extremely diverse trends within the “left art” of the 1920s.

The role of forensic science and forensic examination in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Valery Yu. Shepitko ◽  
Mykhaylo V. Shepitko
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
International Crime ◽  
National Level ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
International Level

The application of forensic science and expertise is a necessary prerequisite for the investigation of crimes at the local and national level. Without the use of forensic science and expertise, an investigation within the framework of a criminal process becomes dead and unsubstantiated. But with the globalisation of world processes, the development of technologies, the speed of information transmission, the formation of crime outside the borders of one state and its entry into the international level has become an urgent problem, which has become a challenge in countering such crime and the need to steer forensic science and expertise towards assisting law enforcement activities. A special feature of countering the investigation of crimes was the creation of international cooperation between forensic specialists and expert witnesses even prior to the establishment of practical institutions that could counteract them in practice. Therewith, some representatives of such international unions and associations have taken serious steps in creating mechanisms for real counteraction to crimes at the international level (R.A. Reiss, G. Soderman, M.Sh. Bassiuni). Coverage of the problem of international cooperation in the investigation of crimes through the definition of the role of forensic science and expertise allowed focusing on the following blocks: 1) international associations of forensic specialists for combating crime in the historical context; 2) international criminal police organisations in combating crime; 3) international cooperation in the field of conducting forensic examinations; 4) the use of forensic and special knowledge in the activities of the International Criminal Court. Thus, a combination of theory and practice in the fight against crime is demonstrated. Historically, this is associated with the role of forensic science and expertise in recording traces of crimes, analysing them, and forming legal, forensic, and expert witness opinions. The purpose of the study is to establish the decisive role of forensic science and expertise in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes. For this, the authors turned to forensic science and expertise, historical processes that served to create substantial international organisations created to counter international crime

scholarly journals Evaluieren und Prüfen in DaF / DaZ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Grein ◽  
Ann-Katrin Fierus ◽  
Nina Jehle ◽  
Virginia Sánchez Anguix ◽  
Joshua Ziegler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
Inverted Classroom ◽  
General Didactics ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
New Research ◽  
Further Development

Consistent evaluation is an important prerequisite for quality assurance and continuous further development in the area of DaF/DaZ. With a focus on virtual learning, this volume deals with the evaluation of the Inverted Classroom Model for the training of teachers of German as a foreign language and specifically with language learning apps. A second focus is on the evaluation of exams and tests. In addition to the medical language examination and the qualification tests of future teachers, the focus here is on examiner qualifications. The critical discussion will present suggestions for solutions as well as new research approaches. This volume does justice to the claim that theory and practice are closely intertwined. Christina Maria Ersch studied German and Scandinavian Studies in Göttingen and German as a foreign language in Mainz, where she is a research assistant. She has been teaching German as a foreign language for several years, is a certified telc examiner and conducts advanced training courses in neurodidactics and action-oriented learning. Her research interests are, among other things, in general didactics with a focus on competence-oriented, digital learning and in intercultural communication.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH COOPERATION IS EFFECTIVE MECHANISM FOR FORENSIC SCIENCE IMPROVEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
O. Kliuiev
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
International Research ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Research Cooperation ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
European Standards

The article reveals the content of international research cooperation of science forensic institutions of Ukraine other countries across the world. One of the main areas of work of forensic science institutions of Ukraine is compliance with European standards for forensic examinations and forensic researches. Because of this current trend at the present stage is to expand participation of forensic science institutions in international cooperation, increase their role in the further development of theory and practice of forensic science and criminalistics. It is concluded that improvement of forensic activity in Ukraine and international cooperation in the field of expert support of justice is one of the leading activities of National Scientific Center «Hon. Prof. M. S. Bokarius Forensic Science Institute» of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. The international agreements/memoranda with the partner institutions of NSC « Hon.  Prof.  M. S. Bokarius FSI» are indicated, in which provisions the main strategic directions of research cooperation in the field of forensic science and criminalistics are determined. It is concluded that in-depth research of problematic aspects of forensic practice, use of the latest and most advanced technology in conducting forensic examinations and forensic researches is the guarantee for to improving efficiency of forensic science institutions of Ukraine and in the near future will open new horizons for forensic science  and criminalistics.

scholarly journals Essence and content of the notion «operational-investigative tactics»

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (14) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Сергій Павленко
Keyword(s):  
Practical Experience ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Search Activity ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Art Of War ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Forensic Scientists ◽  
And Training ◽  
Investigative Activity

This article carried out a detailed scientific analysis of the nature and content of operational search tactics. Analysis of the vocabulary literature suggests that, despite minor differences in the interpretation of the concept of tactics, in general, this term means "an integral part of the art of war that combines the theory and practice of preparing and conducting combat." According to the results of the study, it was established that the theoretical basis for the formation of operational-search tactics was the groundwork of forensic scientists. The author's wording of the concept of “operational-search tactics” is provided as a direction of operational-search activity, formed on the basis of its theoretical principles and practical experience of entities carrying out this activity legally with the goal of fulfilling the tasks stipulated by the Law of Ukraine “On operational-search activity” Based on the analysis of the scientific heritage of scientists, it has been established that operational-search tactics in the theory of operational-search activity can be divided into general and special ones.The questions about the delimitation (ratio) of the tactics of secret investigative (search) actions and tactics of operational search activities are considered. Despite some common signs of tactics for conducting secret investigative (search) actions and operational search activities, it should be remembered that investigation tactics are traditionally considered in the framework of criminalistics, but operational search activities are the subject of the study of the theory of operational search activities. At the same time, it was noted that the tactics of secret investigative (investigative) actions, although individual in their sense, should predominantly be based on the provisions of operational investigative activity, and not criminalistics, at least taking into account the fact that the theoretical and practical operational search tactics worked over the years.It is concluded that both forensic and operational search tactics will require a high-quality update. In particular, the results of a survey of investigators and operational workers indicate the need and desirability of borrowing foreign experience in terms of education and training of investigators and operational units on tactics of identifying, preventing and investigating crimes in the field of high technologies (as noted by 81% of respondents).

scholarly journals THE ESTABLISHMENT, MODERN STATUS AND FURTHER DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION BETWEEN JUDGES AND EXPERTS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Nikita E. Salganskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Modern Status

This article is devoted to the problem of international forensic science cooperation of the Russian Federation. The paper reflects the main milestones in the history of interaction between domestic and foreign forensic experts, on the basis of their analysis, the trends of further development of cooperation in this area are determined.

scholarly journals Formalization of Methods in Criminalistics

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
L. P. Grynko
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Independent Research ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Material Models ◽  
Theoretical Methods ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Sign System ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Scientific works on formalization of methods in criminalistics have been analyzed in the article. Despite the importance and relevance of these issues, it has been established that there is a number of unresolved issues in the theory of forensic science, as well as in investigative and judicial practice regarding the possibilities of formalizing methods and their implementation, which require separate independent research and in-depth reflection. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to clarify the methods used to detect and investigate crimes and the possibilities of their formalization in criminalistics. Formalization methods in criminalistics have been considered. It has been found out that the most successful is their division into formalization of theoretical methods and formalization of practical methods. Methods of theoretical level have been researched. It has been emphasized that the use of mathematical methods contributes to the development of the most accurate practical recommendations, which allow to approach many issues of the theory and practice of forensic science from new positions. The author has considered the modeling method and has argued that it creates the preconditions for the use of formalization, since acting as prototypes, plans, hypothetical constructions of all kinds, this process is presented to investigators as a complex of interrelated transformations in the form of description. The development and use of forensic material models in the management of an investigative situation allows investigators to use, by analogy, forensic algorithms and investigative programs. Thus, the formalization is carried out in the form of the transition of content into a sign system. It is designed to address the tasks faced by investigators and directly related to the investigative situation existing at the time of the investigation. It has been found out that the formalization of forensic knowledge methods allows the use of such knowledge in the process of solving problems and making decisions by means of signs and symbols, which may increase the capacity of investigators to solve problems at all stages of crime investigation in different conditions of uncertainty.

From Socialism to Fascism: The Relation between Theory and Practice in the Work of Robert Michels

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Beetham
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Elite Theory ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Mass Psychology ◽  
Scientific Status ◽  
Authoritarian Government ◽  
Further Development

This article concludes a study tracing the role of élite theory in Michels' development from revolutionary socialist to Fascist ideologue. It argues, first that the laws of oligarchy and élite circulation as expounded by Mosca and Pareto made the Fascist seizure of power appear historically necessary. It then examines the contribution which the experience of Fascist rule made to the further development of élite theory in Michels' work; his use of the theory to give scientific status to the self-image of the Fascist élite and the charismatic claims of its leader; his legitimation of authoritarian government and nationalist policies through the theories of mass psychology. The conclusion argues that what distinguished Michels from other Fascist ideologues was his use of scientific categories, and locates the origin of these categories in the historical experience of pre-world war Europe.

The Day Hospital Approach in Child Psychiatry

1961 ◽  
Vol 107 (450) ◽  
pp. 969-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Connell
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Day Hospital ◽  
Adult Psychiatry ◽  
Day Hospitals ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Treatment And Diagnosis ◽  
Methods Of Treatment ◽  
Original Concept

The Day Hospital approach in adult psychiatry appears to have begun with the original conception of Cameron in Montreal. He stated (Cameron, 1958) that both the original concept and its further development sprang from growing appreciation of the possibilities of new methods of treatment and diagnosis: at this time the rapid rise of the cost of in-patient treatment took place and there was increasing realization of the importance of the treatment milieu. At the same time as Cameron was setting up his Day Hospital in Montreal, Bierer was setting up the Marlborough Day Hospital in London (Bierer, 1951) and he discussed the theory and practice of Psychiatric Day Hospitals later (Bierer, 1959). Harris (1957) also discussed the implications of Day Hospitals and Night Hospitals in psychiatry with regard to the adult patient.

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